Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a studded pneumatic tire, the method comprising steps of producing an annular carcass by providing a first ply material comprising first cords), wherein the first cords comprise aramid, aramid content of the first cords being at least 50 wt. % of total weight of the first cords, winding at least a layer of the first ply material onto a carcass drum, thereby forming a cylindrical carcass preform, arranging two cables to the cylindrical carcass preform, and expanding the preform, thereby forming the annular carcass, forming a preassembly of belts and a tread, arranging the preassembly of belts and a tread onto the annular carcass to form a preform, vulcanizing the preform, and installing studs. The invention further relates to a studded pneumatic tire.

Abstract: A tyre includes a tread having tread blocks such that grooves are arranged between the tread blocks and studs installed into at least some of the tread blocks. A central region of the tread is arranged between a first shoulder region of the tread and a second shoulder region of the tread. A land ratio of the central region of the tread of the tyre is 1 to 30 percentage points greater than either or both of a land ratio of the first shoulder region of the tread of the tyre and a land ratio of the second shoulder region of the tread of the tyre.

Abstract: A tire includes a tread portion having a first land region provided with first axial grooves and a second land region provided with second axial grooves. The first axial grooves are arranged at intervals in a first arrangement over the entire tire circumference. In the first arrangement, in a pair of adjacent first axial grooves, a first end of one first axial groove is located at the same position in the tire circumferential direction as the second end of the other first axial groove. The second axial grooves are arranged at intervals in a second arrangement. The number of types of a second pitch of the second axial grooves in the second arrangement is greater than the number of types of a first pitch of the first axial grooves in the first arrangement.

Abstract: A tyre having a tread is described. The tyre has a central portion located across an equatorial plane, a first shoulder portion located towards an outer side of the tyre and a second shoulder portion located towards an inner side of the tyre. The central portion is separated from the first shoulder portion by two first circumferential grooves. The first shoulder portion and the second shoulder portion have a plurality of first transverse grooves having a first end located substantially at the respective edge of the tread, having a width greater than or equal to about 4 mm and an axial extension equal to at least 50% of the width of the shoulder portion in which they are located.

Abstract: An aerosol generating module according to various embodiments includes a heating unit and an atomizing unit disposed adjacent to the heating unit and including an aerosol forming substrate, wherein the heating unit includes a first reservoir including a first material, a second reservoir including a second material that generates heat by reacting with the first material, and a barrier plate disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir and formed of an impermeable material, and the aerosol forming substrate is heated by heat generated by mixing the first material and the second material.

Abstract: A liquid-conducting atomization mechanism (10) includes a vertical ceramic member (100) and a heating screen plate assembly (200). the vertical ceramic member (100) includes a liquid receiving portion (110) and a liquid conduction mounting portion (120) that are connected to each other. Connection between the liquid conduction mounting portion (120) and the liquid receiving portion (110) is a connection plane. An atomization gas exit surface (122) is formed on an outside of the liquid conduction mounting portion (120). The heating screen plate assembly (200) includes a heating portion (210). The heating portion (210) is embedded in the atomization gas exit surface (122).

Abstract: A tire (1) for a trailer of a heavy-duty vehicle having a tread (2), which has at least one complex circumferential cut (7) in a median portion (4) having a first family of transverse cuts, referred to as transverse through-sipes (81), having a thickness (E1) at most equal to 0.8 mm, a depth (P1) at least equal to 20% of the maximum depth-of-cut (H), and being at a distance (D1), from the nearest external cavity (71), at least equal to 7 mm, and/or a second family of transverse cuts, referred to as blind transverse cuts (82), that stop near an external cavity (71), that have a thickness (E2) at least equal to 1 mm, a depth (P2) at most equal to 20% of the maximum depth-of-cut (H), and being at a distance (D2), from said external cavity (71), at least equal to 3 mm.

Abstract: Provided is a tire in which cracks do not occur in the tire inner member during high-speed running and the occurrence of tire air leakage and detachment of electronic component mounting members is suppressed. A tire in which an electronic component mounting member for a built-in electronic component is mounted on the surface of a tire inner member, wherein the electronic component mounting member has an electronic component storage portion for storing an electronic component and a joint portion equipped with a joint surface for mounting the electronic component mounting member on the surface of the tire inner member, and the acetone extraction weight AEr (mass %) of the electronic component mounting member and the acetone extraction weight AEi (mass %) of the tire inner member satisfy (formula 1).

Abstract: A non-pneumatic tire for a wheeled tower of an in-field irrigation system has a circular array of hollow cavities within the tire body. In cross-sectional planes lying normally of the rotational axis, each cavity has a circumferentially elongated cross-section of greater circumferential length than radial width. Bulbous and concavely rounded terminuses of each cavity impart a dumbbell shaped cavity profile that omits stress failure points. The cavity width tapers in an axially inward direction toward a midplane of the tire, where the cavity width is narrowest. In use, collapse of the cavity at its narrow midpoint squeezes accumulate mud out from the cavities in self-cleaning fashion. The outer circumference of the tire features sloped areas whose axial measure decreases toward the midplane. In use of the tire, the sloped areas draw mud inwardly toward the midplane and self-fill the ground beneath the tire, and thereby lessening overall rut formation.

Abstract: A tire 2 includes a tread 4 formed from a rubber composition containing: a rubber component including a styrene butadiene rubber; and a filler including silica. The tread 4 has a plurality of circumferential main grooves 10. The plurality of circumferential main grooves 10 define a pair of crown land portion 20 in the tread 4. Each crown land portion 20 has a crown narrow groove 24. Each crown narrow land portion 34 defined by the crown narrow groove 24 has a crown sipe 40. An amount CSB of the styrene butadiene rubber, an amount BS of the silica, a groove depth DGs of the crown sipe 40, and a groove depth DGg of the crown narrow groove 24 satisfy the following relational expression.

Abstract: Provided is a sidewall structure of a tire, belonging to the technical field of sidewall structures. The sidewall structure of the tire includes a tire, a side surface of the tire is designed with multiple knurling lines which are formed on a sidewall of the tire by a knurling engraving process. The knurling lines are composed of sparse knurling lines and dense knurling lines which are alternately arranged on the sidewall of the tire. The knurling lines are composed of radial protrusions distributed in an array, and the knurling lines and the tire are integrally formed. The sparse knurling lines and the dense knurling lines are composed of a plurality of knurling lines which are arranged in parallel to form non-closed polygonal patterns, respectively, and the sparse knurling lines and the dense knurling lines are connected and combined to form a new polygonal pattern on the sidewall of the tire.

Abstract: A tire comprising a tire tread having a tread region comprising a first and second rib, wherein the first and second ribs are separated by a groove; at least one tie-bar element disposed within the groove, and the tie-bar block element having opposed sidewalls separated by a radially extending groove, wherein the radially extending groove tapers from a first width to a second width, wherein the second width is wider than the first width.

Abstract: A pneumatic vehicle tire having a strength member ply comprising steel monofilaments having a cross-sectional area of 98 mm2 to 125 mm2 per meter of strength member ply, the steel has a carbon content of at least 0.86% by weight. To improve rolling resistance the monofilaments have a brass coating having a copper content of 61% by weight to 70% by weight and a zinc content of 30% by weight to 39% by weight, in that the monofilaments have a linear density of 92 g/100 m to 105 g/100 m, and the monofilaments each have a tensile density Td of 34 MPa/(g/100 m) to 39 MPa/(g/100 m). The strength member ply has an areal strength AS of 109 Nmm2 to 166 Nmm2, and the rubber material has a breaking elongation of 300% to 450%.

Abstract: A tire includes a first middle land portion provided with middle lateral grooves that traverses the first middle land portion completely in the tire axial direction, and first middle sipes that extends from a first longitudinal edge of the first middle land portion and has terminal ends in the first middle land portion. Each middle lateral groove includes a first groove portion extending from the first longitudinal edge, a second groove portion extending from a second longitudinal edge, and a circumferential groove portion being in communication with the first and second groove portions. The circumferential groove portion includes a first circumferential groove edge on a first longitudinal edge side and a second circumferential groove edge on a second longitudinal edge side. The terminal ends of the first middle sipes are located on the second longitudinal edge side to the first circumferential groove edges of the circumferential groove portions.

Abstract: A tread pattern of a pneumatic tire includes three or more circumferential main grooves extending in a tire circumferential direction, a land portion defined by the circumferential main grooves, and a sipe provided in the land portion. At least one edge of edges on both sides of the land portion in a tire width direction is a zigzag edge. The zigzag edge has a zigzag shape with recesses/protrusions that has a position periodically changing in the tire width direction. The sipe is a composite sipe including a two-dimensional portion and a three-dimensional portion, and the three-dimensional portion is connected to the zigzag edge.

Abstract: A tire 2 includes a tread 4 and a belt 14 including inner and outer layers 38 and 40. Each end of the outer layer 40 is located axially inward of an end of the inner layer 38. A circumferential narrow groove 48 is formed on each shoulder land portion 46s so as to continuously extend in a circumferential direction. A groove width of the circumferential narrow groove 48 is smaller than that of a shoulder circumferential groove 44s. The circumferential narrow groove 48 is located between the shoulder circumferential groove 44s and the end of the outer layer 40 in an axial direction. A ratio of a distance in the axial direction from the shoulder circumferential groove 44s to the circumferential narrow groove 48 to a distance in the axial direction from the shoulder circumferential groove 44s to the end of the outer layer 40 is 15% to 55%.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel tyre comprises a tread band, a tread surface, a plurality of blocks defined on the tread band, and at least one sipe formed on at least one of the blocks. The at least one sipe is open on a tread surface portion and at least on one first edge of the block, to define at least one first edge portion and at least one second edge portion adjacent to each other and at least partially bounded by the sipe. The first edge portion is defined by a chamfer extending between the tread surface portion and a wall of the block, and the second edge portion is defined by a corner resulting from the tread surface portion intersecting the wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a commercial vehicle tire which is cold-retreadable and comprises sidewalls (5), belt plies (2a) and a profiled tread (1) with shoulder flanks (8a) located outside the ground contact area and running to the sidewalls (5), wherein a buffing indicator (9, 9?, 9?) for indicating the buffing depth is provided on at least one shoulder flank (8a), running around in the circumferential direction, possibly interrupted in some portions and formed by a multiplicity of elevations (10), wherein the elevations (10) have with respect to the level of the shoulder flank (8a) a maximum thickness, determined perpendicularly to this level, of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm. The elevations (10) of the buffing indicator (9, 9?, 9?) are dome-shaped and have a circular base area with a diameter of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.

Abstract: A tire tread (1), for a heavy-duty construction plant vehicle, having an improved compromise between resistance to mechanical attack caused by stony ground and grip on muddy ground. The tread (1) has five rows (41, 42, 43) separated in pairs by a longitudinal cut (51, 52) and are distributed, along the transverse direction (YY?), in a median row (43), two intermediate rows (42), and two lateral rows (41), the blocks (31, 32, 33) in one and the same row (41, 42, 43) separated in pairs at least partially by a transverse cut (61, 62, 63), each transverse cut in a lateral row (41) is a transverse groove, each transverse cut (62) in an intermediate row (42) is either a blind transverse groove (621), or a transverse sipe (622), are arranged in alternation along the longitudinal direction XX?, and each inner longitudinal cut (52) separating two adjacent rows (42, 43), respectively intermediate and median, is a longitudinal groove.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes chamfered sipes in a land portion each including a chamfered portion, and non-chamfered sipes in the land portion each not including the chamfered portion. The chamfered sipe includes one end communicating with the main groove that defines the land portion and the other end terminating within the land portion. The chamfered and non-chamfered sipes are alternately disposed in the circumferential direction. Of the non-chamfered sipes on both sides in the circumferential direction of the chamfered sipe, a relationship between a distance a and a distance b is in the range 1.5?(b/a)?12, where the distance a is between the chamfered sipe and a near sipe corresponding to the non-chamfered sipe located on a side closest to the chamfered sipe, and the distance b is between the chamfered sipe and the non-chamfered sipe located further from the chamfered sipe in the circumferential direction.