Abstract: A touch panel has a reduced whole thickness when attached to a display device, increases the accuracy of the positional information, and improves the display quality and durability inexpensively. One of a pair of resistive layers facing each other across insulating dot spacers is laid on a light-transmissible flat plate formed of a PET film rather than a glass plate, and a light conductive plate of a front light unit is integrated with an outer surface of the light-transmissible flat plate. An AR film having a transparent gel layer is disposed between the PET film and the light conductive plate. The transparent gel layer is of a gel material such as silicone rubber and is applied integrally on the AR film, which is formed such that anti-reflection treatment is applied on a surface of a base material of a FET film.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which can enhance the numerical aperture of pixel regions. On one substrate, pixel regions which are surrounded by a plurality of gate signal lines and a plurality of drain signal lines are provided. Each pixel region has a switching element which is connected to the gate signal line, a pixel electrode to which a video signal is supplied from the drain signal line through the switching element, and a counter electrode. The counter electrodes are formed below a plurality of insulation layers. Counter voltage signal lines are formed over the plurality of insulation layers, form a matrix pattern such that the counter voltage signal lines cover the gate signal lines and the drain signal lines, and have portions thereof electrically connected to the counter electrodes via at least one through holes formed in the plurality of insulation layers.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display and method of fabricating the same is disclosed in the present invention. More specifically, a liquid crystal display includes first and second substrates, a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal layer has a twist angle in a range of 1 to 89 degrees, and an optical plate between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate, wherein the optical plate has an optical axis horizontal to the first and second substrates.

Abstract: Provided is a projection type liquid crystal display apparatus, which can improve black-level display and thus can display a higher-contrast image as compared to the related art. An optical compensator is located on the light exit side with respect to the liquid crystal display device so as to compensate for the optical phase difference caused by liquid crystal molecules in a light-entry-side region of the liquid crystal layer. As the optical compensator is located on the light exit side with respect to the liquid crystal display device, birefringence, caused by the liquid crystal molecules present in the light-entry-side region, is compensated for without being influenced by a microlenses provided in the liquid crystal plane. Consequently, the apparatus can improve the black-level display and thus can display a higher-contrast image as compared to the related art.

Abstract: A laminated optical device is a laminate formed of a polarizing layer having a thickness of not larger than 5 &mgr;m, and at least one birefringent layer including either a solid film of oriented liquid crystal or a polymer layer containing oriented liquid crystal. A liquid-crystal display apparatus includes a liquid-crystal display panel, and at least one laminated optical device defined above and disposed on one of opposite surfaces of the liquid-crystal display panel.

Abstract: In a method of fabricating a thin film transistor array substrate, a black matrix having separated portions is first formed on a substrate with an opaque conductive material. An insulation layer is formed to cover the black matrix. A gate line assembly and a data line assembly are formed over the black matrix and insulation layer. Buffer layers are formed to cover the gaps between the separate portions of the black matrix. The buffer conductive layers are formed at the same plane as the gate line assembly or data line assembly.

Abstract: Incident light from the space between the light-reflecting films in a liquid crystal light valve of a liquid crystal display device, especially in a reflection-type liquid crystal light valve of a projection-type liquid crystal display device is effectively blocked. The liquid crystal light valve having a semiconductor substrate, a counter substrate, light-reflecting films, and liquid crystal comprises a light-blocking layer and light shields formed between the light-blocking layer and the light-reflecting films.

Abstract: In an active matrix liquid crystal display device having a thin film transistor array substrate (250) comprising a plurality of scan lines formed on an insulating substrate (100), a plurality of signal lines formed to cross the scan lines, thin film transistors formed near intersections between the scan lines and signal lines, respectively, pixel electrodes connected to one electrodes of the thin film transistors, respectively, and additional capacity portions connected to pixel electrodes (5) connected to source electrodes (4) of the thin film transistors, respectively; in order to provide a higher contrast and to allow driving at a lower voltage, a part of the additional capacity portion is formed, via insulating film (115) and semiconductor (120), between the pixel electrode (5) and that scan line (11) which is connected to a gate electrode (1) of the thin film transistor for switching the pixel electrode (5).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate (1) and a second substrate (2) disposed in parallel to each other, a liquid crystal layer (3) disposed between the two substrates (1, 2) and filled with liquid crystal, and an ink retaining layer (7) disposed on a surface (1b) of the first substrate (1) facing the second substrate (2). A surface of the ink retaining layer (7) is provided with plural filter strips (7R, 7G, 7B) each retaining a respective color ink, and each of the filter strips (7R, 7G, 7B) includes plural columns and plural rows of generally circular dots (24) arranged in a strip or rectangle, each of them being provided by a color ink droplet.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus includes semiconductor elements placed at intersection points between scanning wires and signal wires. Each semiconductor element includes: a semiconductor layer having a channel region and a pair of semiconductor regions which sandwich the channel region and which are each made of a high-resistance region and a low-resistance region; a first electrode formed on the intrinsic semiconductor region with an insulating film interposed therebetween; and second and third electrodes connected to the low-resistance regions. Each scanning wire constitutes the first electrode of the corresponding one of the semiconductor elements. The first electrode has a first wiring formed on the insulating film and second wiring formed in direct contact with a side surface of the first wiring, part of the second wiring being overlaid on part of a high-resistance region with the insulating film interposed therebetween.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-intrusively sensing fluid flow within a pipe is provided. The apparatus includes a first sensing array for sensing acoustic signals traveling at the speed of sound through fluid flow within the pipe, a second sensing array for sensing local pressure variations traveling with the fluid flow, and a housing attached to the pipe for enclosing the sensing arrays. The first sensing array includes a plurality of first optical pressure sensors and the second sensing array includes a plurality of second optical pressure sensors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a computed tomography method in which a conical radiation beam traverses an examination zone during a helical relative motion between the radiation beam and the examination zone. The reconstruction is performed by means of filtered backprojection, the filtering operations involving measured values resulting from different projections of voxels from at least approximately the same surface within the examination zone.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display (LCD) has a plurality of first alignment-control structures arranged on an inner surface of an upper substrate, and a plurality of second alignment-control structures arranged on an inner surface of a lower substrate. An upper concave is formed between two adjacent first alignment-control structures, and an upper inclined plane is formed between the upper concave and the first alignment-control structure. A lower concave is formed between two adjacent second alignment-control structures, and a lower inclined plane is formed between the lower concave and the second alignment-control structure. Each first alignment-control structure is positioned above a corresponding lower concave, each second alignment-control structure is positioned under a corresponding upper concave, and the upper inclined plane is close to and faces the lower inclined plane.

Abstract: A flat display apparatus incorporating a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate at a position distant from the first substrate for a predetermined distance, a sealing material disposed between the first and second substrates and formed into a frame-like shape to bond the first and second substrates to each other, a light modulation layer held in a gap between the first and second substrates bonded to each other with the sealing material, and spacers secured integrally with at least either of the first and second substrates to maintain the gap, wherein a portion of the spacers is disposed in the sealing-material portion and another portion of the spacers projects from the sealing material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal adaptive lens (LCAL) includes a reference plate, a liquid crystal layer disposed in electrical communication with the reference plate, and a plurality of closed-loop electrodes disposed in electrical communication with the liquid crystal layer. The closed-loop electrodes are adapted to receive a variable control voltage such that the refractive index of at least a portion of the liquid crystal layer is adjustable such that light passing through the liquid crystal layer is capable of being redirected. By including closed-loop electrodes, the liquid crystal layer of the LCAL is capable of having a radially varying refractive index.

Abstract: The invention provides masks that form fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in optical fibers without stitching errors from re-scaling or re-positioning. The invention feathers the pixels of the mask lines by adding, removing, and/or displacing one or more pixels from the edges of the bars and spaces of the mask. The feathering of pixels will affect the FBG being written into the fiber. The feathering operates to shift the effective edge of the bars. This allows the achievement of much finer resolution FBGs than the pixel size of the mask.

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device includes: first and second substrates opposing each other; a liquid crystal layer formed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of gate lines and data lines formed on the first substrate lengthwise and crosswise to define pixel regions; a pixel electrode formed in the pixel regions; at least one or more electric field induction windows independently formed in the pixel electrode; a common auxiliary electrode formed on a layer equal to the gate lines to surround the pixel regions; a common electrode formed on the second substrate; at least one or more dielectric structures independently formed on the common electrode to distort electric field applied to the liquid crystal layer; and an alignment film formed on at least one of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An active matrix type liquid crystal display device includes semiconductor layers made of thin film transistors which are formed over a first substrate, a first insulation film formed over the semiconductor layers, a second insulation film formed over the first insulation film, and common lines formed over the second insulation film. The second insulation film includes regions where the film is removed which are positioned where the semiconductor layers are formed. Holding capacitance is formed by a common potential supplied from the common lines in the film-removed regions together with the pixel potential formed by the semiconductor layers.

Abstract: An optical circuit device makes lightwaves respectively having different wavelengths fall on a filter at different incident angles, respectively. The optical circuit device includes a filter, a mirror and a planar lightwave circuit provided with grooves holding the filter and the mirror therein, and an optical waveguide. The optical waveguide has a receiving part that guides a lightwave to the filter, a multipath reflection part in which the lightwave is reflected repeatedly, and an emitting part that guides lightwaves transmitted by the filter to an emitting end surface. The lightwave falls on the filter at least at two incident angles. The multipath reflection part is provided with a bend waveguide. The filter and the mirror are disposed substantially parallel to each other.

Abstract: This invention relates to a line-on-glass LOG type liquid crystal display panel that is capable of preventing the lack of hardening of a sealant and staining of the liquid crystal display panel. A liquid crystal display panel of a line-on glass type includes a picture display part having a plurality of liquid crystal cells formed between an upper substrate and a lower substrate, signal pads formed at the outer area of the picture display part for supplying driving signals inputted from an outer driver integrated circuit to the picture display part. Line-on-glass type signal lines are formed at the outer area by a line-on-glass method and supply voltage signals needed for driving the driver integrated circuit. A sealant formed on the outer area for joining the upper and lower substrate. A least one or more holes formed on line-glass-type signal lines at the area where the line-on-glass type signal lines overlap with the sealant allowing UV rays irradiated for hardening the sealant to pass through.