Abstract: A progressive scan video display apparatus incorporates beam landing error correction circuitry. Beam landing error correction may be accomplished prior or subsequent to video information interpolation and prior or subsequent to video information speedup. The correction circuits utilize sample interpolation techniques to provide accurate beam landing error correction for each of the red, green and blue video information signals.

Abstract: An image signal processing apparatus has a color decorder for preparing a histogram for the brightness level of each color signal of an input image signal such as an NTSC signal, and an image process circuit for calculating a cumulative brightness distribution curve of the histogram and for performing gamma-correction of the input image signal in accordance with the cumulative brightness distribution curve. A CPU in the image process circuit can calculate upper and/or lower extremities of each cumulative distribution curve and perform normalization of each color signal within the range defined by the calculated upper and/or lower extremity.

Abstract: A single sensor video camera includes an optical blurring filter having a known spatial (or frequency) function and a color filter interposed between the blurring filter and an image sensor. The color filter has red and blue filter elements intermingled among a majority of green elements. An accurate estimate of the blurred green light blocked by the non-green elements is recovered by applying the image signal from the sensor to a digital filter and substituting the resultant signal for the missing green portions. The coefficients of the filter are selected in an optimization process that seeks to match the known function of the blurring filter to a like function of the digital filter (as represented by the coefficients). To do this the color filter must be configured to provide at least two green samples on either side of a non-green element.

Abstract: A pix-in-pix television display includes a memory for holding samples representing one field of the small picture. Samples which are to be written into the memory are developed in a buffer memory one line at a time over intervals corresponding to the three line periods of the signal which produces the small picture. A line of samples is written from the buffer memory into the field memory over three line periods of the small picture signal. The memory write operation is suspended when data is read from the field memory for display. The write operation resumes when a read operation is completed at the address and pixel value which were being written when the write operation was suspended.

Abstract: A pix-in-pix television display includes circuitry for reducing the amount of memory needed to hold one field of the reduced size image. In the display apparatus, digital samples representing the large and small picture signals are developed at substantially equal rates by separate circuitry. Subsampling circuitry stores one out of every five of the samples representing a horizontal line of the small picture. These samples are displayed, synchronous with the large picture at a rate three-fifths times the display rate of the large picture samples to produce an apparent size reduction of one-third in the horizontal direction.

Abstract: In allocating recording areas corresponding to a plurality of originals onto photosensitive films, at first the allocation state of previously allocated areas of a photosensitive film is displayed, and an operator establishes, near an ideal recording start point, an approximate recording start point of an area to be allocated. Then the approximate recording start point is moved to a conclusive (ideal) recording start point at predetermined distances from the hind edges of the previously allocated images in the main and the subscanning directions.

Abstract: A pix-in-pix television display, with a digital memory for holding samples representing one field of the small picture, includes circuitry for converting eight-bit luminance samples into five-bit samples for efficient storage in the digital memory. A subtracter subtracts a predetermined block level bias value from each sample and an adder adds a two bit psuedo-random dither value to each sample. The six most significant bits of these samples are applied to a limiter which changes the samples having values greater than thirty-one to have values of thirty-one. The five-bit luminance samples are obtained by taking the five least significant bits of the samples provided by the limiter.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for processing color video signals, a switching network controlled by a control computer initially applies a composite video signal to a single analog to digital converter for storage in a memory. The composite signal is then repeatedly retrieved from the memory in order to be sequentially decomposed into required color characteristics such as red, blue and green. The decomposed signal is also applied to the input of the switching network so that the control computer can alternately multiplex each of the three decomposed signals into the memory. In this manner, the composite red, blue and green information is sequentially stored in memory for manipulation by a signal processing computer. This eliminates the need for multiple analog to digital converters operating in parallel.

Abstract: A pix-in-pix display includes a filtering system for processing the video signals which produce the reduced-size image. The filtering system includes an anti-aliasing filter which reduces the amplitude of the components of the video signals which may cause aliasing distortion when the image is subsampled. However, the filter passes substantial amounts of these components. The filtered video signal is subsampled and applied to a peaking filter which amplifies the band of frequencies containing the aliasing components relative to lower frequency bands to improve the appearance of detailed portions of the reproduced image.

Abstract: A television system with enhanced definition in the field scanning direction is presented. In the information transmitter a video signal source is coupled directly and via line delay device with a subtraction circuit followed by a modulator with a subcarrier. An adding circuit is coupled with the output of the modulator and the source, possibly via the delay device. The resultant difference information is transmitted frequency-interleaved with the video information under control of a movement detector, to the information receiver. The receiver contains a filter circuit for separating the information. The modulated subcarrier goes via a demodulator to a superposition circuit to which further the video information is also supplied. The output of the superposition circuit is connected via a line delay device to one input of a switch-over circuit. The video information is supplied to a second input of the switch-over circuit.

Abstract: A method and circuit arrangement for selective correction of hues and colors in the production of color separations for polychromatic mixed printing. A hue signal identifying the hues of the scanned colors as well as a color saturation signal and a luminance signal are derived from the measured color value signals acquired when scanning the original. Hue signals, color saturation signals and luminance signals are limited such that they are respectively not equal to zero only for selectable regions. The region of the hue signal defines a hue to be selectively corrected, and all three regions of the signals define a color to be selectively corrected. At least one of the limited signals is combined with at least one of the unlimited signals to form the selective correction signals which are superimposed on the color signals to be corrected.

Abstract: Circuitry for enhancing the sharpness of bandwidth compressed television signals provides equalization in only the transmitter with no equalization required in the receiver. The transmitter includes a linear phase delay and edge peaking circuit, a low pass filter and an equalization circuit. The linear phase delay and edge peaking circuit includes a tapped delay line which provides weighted output signals for differential phase delays. The weighted output signals of the tapped delay line are differentially combined to provide a combined output signal. This combined output signal and a signal from the tapped delay line are supplied to a peaking circuit. A clamping circuit is connected to limit the amplitude of high level signals in the combined output signal so that small transitions are peaked to a greater degree than large transitions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video projector type television receiver in which a prism plate is disposed in front of a color cathode ray tube, a projection lens is located in front of the prism plate and transparent liquid is injected into the space between the color cathode ray tube and the prism plate and the space between the prism plate and the projection lens. So, according to the present invention, since a difference between the refractive indexes of the transparent liquid and each component is not so large as that between the refractive indexes of the air and each component, it is possible to reduce a reflection on each boundary surface and also it is possible to prevent a multiple reflection image from being caused and a light amount from being lost greatly. Furthermore, owing to the liquid cooling effect of the transparent liquid, it is possible to suppress the thermal expansion of each portion so that the resultant influence such as the change of optical path and so on can be reduced.

Abstract: A frame synchronizer having broad applicability in television systems is particularly adapted for use in a chrominance time-compressed, luminance bandwidth reduced television system. The frame synchronizer, which separates the composite video signal into its component parts and thereby minimizes the dynamic range required to digitize the signal, demodulates the chrominance signal into its quadrature components and separates the luminance signal. The synchronization signal in the composite video signal generates slave distribution signals and slave horizontal and vertical addresses. The separated chrominance quadrature components and the luminance signal are digitized and, along with the slave distribution signals and the slave horizontal and vertical addresses, are temporarily stored in first-in, first-out memories which provide independent buffering and thereby accommodate a high degree of mismatch between master and slave timing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for bandwidth compression allows two television programs to simultaneously occupy the bandwidth normally allowed for one television program. The composite video signals from first and second program sources are separated into chrominance, luminance and synchronization component signals for each. The chrominance signals for each program source are compressed in time, and the sync pulse from one of the program sources is used to generate a narrow sync pulse. The luminance signal from the one program source modulates a carrier signal, and the luminance signal from the other program source modulates a subcarrier signal.

Abstract: An improved television bandwidth compression system allows two television programs to simultaneously utilize the bandwidth normally allowed for one television program. The basic bandwidth compression system comprises a transmitter which receives composite video signals from two program sources. The video processing circuitry of the transmitter provides an output signal wherein time-compressed chrominance information for the two program sources is sent on alternate lines during the normal horizontal retrace time and the luminance information for both program sources is sent during the active video time for each line. The receiver synthesizes a composite video signal of a selected program from the output signal transmitted from the transmitter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chrominance decoding circuits and more particularly to a novel circuit for demodulating chrominance signals, B-Y or R-Y. This circuit comprises, connected in series, a multiplier multiplying the U or V-modulated chrominance signal by itself, a filter giving at the output the square (B-Y).sup.2 or (R-Y).sup.2 of the chrominance signal, a device for extracting the square root giving an absolute value .tbd.B-Y.tbd. or .tbd.R-Y.tbd. of the chrominance signal, and a multiplier multiplying said absolute value by the sign of the chrominance signal B-Y or R-Y to obtain at the output said chrominance signal, B-Y or R-Y.

Abstract: A video signal processing apparatus processes a video signal which is obtained by carrying out a dot interlaced scanning in terms of four fields so that picture element data which correspond to one field and in which the picture element data of first and third dot interlaced fields (or second and fourth dot interlaced fields) alternately exist on each line are transmitted during a time period of one field. The video signal processing apparatus comprises a luminance difference detecting part and an interpolation part. The luminance difference detecting part performs a detecting operation to detect a luminance difference between two luminance data which are belonged respectively to two mutually adjacent picture elements in the same line and are among the picture element data which correspond to one field.

Abstract: A method of processing a color image signal comprising the step of performing a color adjustment by inputting the number of bits for each color in accordance with the concentrations of inhomogeneous color components contained in colorants: cyan, magenta and yellow.

Abstract: A test signal generator for generating signals for use in a high definition television, the apparatus including means for storing a plurality of pattern segments which are representative of selected portions of the test signal to be generated, and means for retrieving predetermined ones of the stored pattern segments and for repeating or holding selected ones of the retrieved pattern segments in a predetermined sequence in order to construct, in real time, the entire test signal waveform, and also including means for converting the sequence of retrieved pattern segments into the test signal.