Abstract: An electron gun comprises a linear thermionic cathode having part of its emitting surface facing an accelerating anode, and the rest of the emitting surface separated by a gap from a cathode-adjacent focusing electrode. The cathode-adjacent focusing electrode is made of two portions spaced apart. On the opposite end surfaces of these portions, there is attached a pair of flat current-conducting springs whose other ends are connected to leads. The other end surfaces of these portions accommodate cathode holders and have a pair of flat springs attached thereto, the other ends of the pair of flat springs being connected to the insulator of the electron gun housing. The pairs of flat springs attached to different portions of the focusing electrode deflect towards each other. The proposed electron gun increases the stability of its electron-optical parameters.

Abstract: A photomultiplier tube in which the anode, which is positioned adjacent to the last dynode, is not supported by the side supports which support the dynodes as was done in the prior art, but is supported by the stem. Thus, the anode "floats" with respect to the side supports and with respect to the dynodes which are rigidly attached to the side support. An advantage of this structure is improved electrical properties, e.g., a reduction in dark current, improved signal to noise ratio and reduction in hysteresis. The floating anode is particularly applicable to box and grid type of dynode structures used in small diameter, e.g., one-half and three-fourth inch tubes.

Abstract: Apparatus for laser anemometry comprises a device for producing coherent radiation, a beam splitter device adapted to divide the beam from this device into two beam portions, focussing means adapted to focus these two beam portions on to two adjacent spots, and two photodetector means each adapted to measure the scattered illumination from one said spot. In order to enable the direction of the path between the two spots to be altered without moving the entire apparatus, an image rotation device is provided and mounted to effect both the beam portions and the scattered radiation from the spots which falls on the photo-detector means.

Abstract: An improved fine deflection, for use in an electron beam optical system, utilizes a magnetic deflector positioned adjacent to the surface of the target most remote from a matrix lens, which is positioned between the target and an electron beam emitter. The matrix lens is a single plate having multiple apertures forming matrix lenslets and has an electron beam accelerator positioned between the lens and the target for uniform acceleration of the electron beam passing through a selected one of the lenslets.

Abstract: The tube is improved by the shadow mask having an apertured active portion of parallel corrugations and integral corrugated skirt portions extending from the two opposite corrugated edges of the mask. In one embodiment, the skirt corrugations are equal in periodicity but of opposite phase to the mask corrugations.

Abstract: In an assembly of at least two electrodes which are connected together in an insulating manner, said electrodes are kept at a given distance from each other by at least one member of an electrically insulating material situated between the electrodes which comprises a core which determines the distance between the electrodes and a jacket which directly adheres to the electrode material by heating. The material of the core has a higher melting point than the material of the jacket so that the core during effecting a connection between the jacket and the electrode material maintains its shape.

Abstract: This disclosure depicts and describes unitized electron guns for color television cathode ray tubes, and is particularly addressed to an improved structural design for elongated electrodes of such guns in which undesired internal interaction between adjacent electron beam-forming fields is prevented. This sheet metal electrode design also has the advantage of lending itself to economical manufacture.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube having a glass envelope with a conductive layer covering a portion of the inner surface of the envelope. The major part of the surface covered by the conductive layer is relatively rough to obtain good adhesion of the conductive layer. An electrode within the tube is connected electrically to the conductive layer by a contact spring that presses against a limited region of the conductive layer. The area of the glass surface that is directly behind this limited region is made sufficiently smooth to prevent the contact spring from being held out of engagement with the conductive layer by glass protuberances projecting through the conductive layer and causing arcing between the contact spring and adjacent areas of the conductive layer.

Abstract: In a cathode ray tube of the single-gun, plural-beam type in which the plurality of beams are made to intersect each other substantially at the optical center of a main focusing lens, any disparity in the focusing effects imparted to the respective beams by the main focusing lens and any auxiliary lens is corrected by applying suitably different biasing voltages to the cathodes emitting the respective beams so that the beams are subjected to different accelerations and travel through the lens fields at different speeds. Thus, the focusing effects of the lens fields on the respective beams are varied to cause the beams to be precisely focused on the screen. The cathode and control grid electrodes are physically arranged to permit control of the individual beam currents for proper color balance.

Abstract: A flat tube display is fabricated having internal structural supports running the height of the display at selected periodic intervals. This construction permits light weight face plates and back plates to be used in the construction of displays independent of display size, yet still providing the required stength to withstand atmospheric pressure. By compressing the dot matrix of the first plate of the switching stack, relatively large areas free of the dot matrix are provided whereby the internal supports may be attached without interferring with the operation of the display. The control plates of the flat tube display are pseudo-aligned to the phosphor screen. Electrons are injected into the stack channel comprising plates at successively higher positive potentials so that self-guiding through the channels at 100% transmission is achieved. Apertures of the control stack are fabricated into horizontal slots to provide for increased brightness as a result of greater electron transmission through the stack.

Abstract: A flat tube display is fabricated having internal structural supports running the height of the display at selected periodic intervals. This construction permits light weight face plates and back plates to be used in the construction of displays independent of display size, yet still providing the required strength to withstand atmospheric pressure. By compressing the dot matrix of the first plate of the switching stack, relatively large areas free of the dot matrix are provided whereby the internal supports may be attached without interfering with the operation of the display. The control plates of the flat tube display are psuedo-aligned to the phosphor screen. Electrons are injected into the stack channel comprising plates at successively higher positive potentials so that self-guiding through the channels at 100% transmission is achieved.

Abstract: An evacuated envelope has a rectangular display section and a gun section at one edge of the display section. The display section includes front and back walls which are generally rectangular, in closed spaced, parallel relation, and a plurality of spaced, parallel support walls between the front and back walls forming a plurality of parallel channels. The gun section extends across one end of the channels and includes therein gun structure which will direct electrons into the channels. In each of the channels is a beam guide which confines the electrons in a beam and guides the beam along the length of the channel. The beam guide also includes means for selectively deflecting the electron beam out of the guide at selective points along the guide so that the beam will impinge upon a phosphor screen along the inner surface of the front wall.

Abstract: A multi-channel photomultiplier tube in which light radiation from distinct sources passes through an entrance window to a photo-cathode, the window being divided into parts so that light from a source passes through a respective part to an associated part of the photo-cathode, the division of the window into parts constraining the light from incidence upon other parts of the photo-cathode.

Abstract: Apparatus for X-ray radiography includes a conductive cathode, receiving X-radiation differentially attenuated by passage through an object to be studied, and a conductive anode spaced from the cathode and bearing a sheet of insulative material upon which a charge image of the object is to be formed; and a structured photocathode extending from the cathode towards the anode. The photocathode, formed of cesium iodide and the like, is of relative great thickness and surface area to have large X-ray quantum absorption and photoelectron emission, whereby a lower exposure dosage of X-radiation is required for a radiographic exposure. A plurality of different photocathode structures are disclosed.

Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plurality of staggered parallel dynodes disposed between two insulating vanes. The dynodes are disposed between a cathode at one end and a high energy electron filter at the other end. The electron filter includes at least two staggered filter bodies which extend into the space between the vanes. Each of the filter bodies extends slightly more than one-half the distance between the vanes so as to provide no straight path therethrough for high energy electrons, i.e., the filter is optically opaque. Between the dynodes closest to the cathode and the electron filter is a transition region. The transition region includes transition dynodes, having unequal widths and unequal spacings, and steering electrodes. In multiplier operation, the transition region functions to steer low energy electrons around the electron filter.

Abstract: An electron discharge tube comprising a plenum having therein a photocathode, an anode, a plurality of spaced apart dynodes, each having an input aperture and an output aperture, the dynodes arranged so as to concatenate electron emissions from the photocathode to the anode, and a conductive mesh overlying each input aperture, is improved by providing non-uniform openings in the mesh whereby relatively greater electrostatic shielding is provided for the dynode surface proximate to the output aperture of a preceding dynode.

Abstract: An evacuated tube has a face plate and a tubular body with at least a portion of the body having a circular cross section. In the evacuated tube is an electron emissive electrode adapted to release electrons in response to impinging photons or photoelectrons, means for collecting the electrons and an anode. The electron emissive electrode is cup shaped, having an approximate circular top opening through which photons or photoelectrons enter to impinge on the electrode, a circular rim around the periphery of the top opening, and a side opening through which the electrons pass to exit from the electrode. The inside of the electrode is lined with electron emissive material.

Abstract: An admixture of Yttrium oxide, or yttrium oxysulfide, or yttrium oxide or yttrium oxysulfide activated by a rare earth element and P1 phosphor, manganese-activated zinc orthosilicate provides a viewable bistable storage target for cathode ray tubes having increased operating life.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube with either a positive-or a negative tolerance viewing-screen structure comprises an evacuated envelope, a luminescent viewing screen within the envelope and means for exciting the screen to luminescence. The tube includes means, such as an apertured mask or a light-absorbing matrix, for selectively defining to the viewer an array of discrete excited areas in the screen which are noncircularly graded in size, with the largest areas in the central portion of the screen and the smallest areas in the peripheral portions of the screen.

Abstract: In an electrode assembly of at least two electrodes connected together in an insulating manner, said electrodes are kept at a defined distance by means of grains of an electrically insulating material. Said grains are sunk on two sides in layers of an adhesive material present on the facing surfaces of the electrodes and the sum of the thicknesses of which is smaller than the distance between the relevant electrodes.