Abstract: A noncontact stirring method, a noncontact stirring apparatus, a method and apparatus for reacting nucleic acid hybridization using the apparatus, a method for detecting nucleic acid in a sample, an apparatus for detecting nucleic acid, a method for detecting antibodies in a sample, and an apparatus for detecting antibodies in minute droplets 1 ?mL or less in an electric field are proposed that can be utilized to speed up biodetection processes, hybridization processes in DNA analysis, ELISA antigen fixing processes, blocking processes, antibody-antigen reaction processes and color reaction processes; and pathogen identification, CRP tests, methods of propagating cells or bacilli such as colon bacilli in a liquid culture medium, and chemical analyses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biomolecule detector and a detection method using the same. The biomolecule detector includes a biomolecule chip having a substrate and a slit formed therein. Biomolecules are immobilized on at least a portion of the edges of the slit. A light source directs incident light toward the biomolecule chip, and a screen receives an image formed by a portion of the incident light passing through the slit. The biomolecule detector is small and portable, yet its capability for detecting a target biomolecule is quick, accurate and simple. The simple structural features of the biomolecule detector enable mass production.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to FET arrays including large FET arrays for monitoring chemical and/or biological reactions such as nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions. Some methods provided herein relate to improving signal (and also signal to noise ratio) from released hydrogen ions during nucleic acid sequencing reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for ruggedizing a nucleic acid analyzing apparatus. The ruggedized apparatus can be used reliably and effectively in uncontrolled environments, such as, for example at a crime scene to collect and analyze forensic data, as well as in semi-controlled environments, such as, for example at a point of care location.

Abstract: The invention relates to an emulsifier, a method for preparing said emulsifier, and to its use in various applications, primarily food and cosmetic applications. The invention also relates to the use of said emulsifier for the creation of an elastic, gelled foam. An emulsifier according to the invention is based on a starch which is enzymatically converted, using a specific type of enzyme, and modified in a specific esterification reaction.

Abstract: An array in which an external control feature for normalization has been designed and tested for its ability to mimic the range of observed expression levels for a test set of oligos. The external control probes span a series of concentrations. They are spatially randomized across a grid of an array. The series of concentrations is duplicated in a given grid. The individual grid layout and number of control and external normalization features per grid have been designed to cope with sources of both systematic error and spatial variation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for ruggedizing a nucleic acid analyzing apparatus. The ruggedized apparatus can be used reliably and effectively in uncontrolled environments, such as, for example at a crime scene to collect and analyze forensic data, as well as in semi-controlled environments, such as, for example at a point of care location.

Abstract: The present invention provides an RNA detection method detecting, from a reaction system containing a target sample, a target RNA chain originated from the target sample, using a surface having on the surface thereof a polymer substance which contains a first unit having a group derived from a phosphate ester composing the hydrophilic portion of a phospholipid and a second unit having a carboxylic acid derivative group composed of an electron-attractive substitutional group bound to a carbonyl group, while being provided with at least one reaction space, the reaction space having an immobilized nucleic acid primer immobilized therein.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions, products, methods and systems for monitoring ecosystems, such as bodies of water, for a parameter of the ecosystems, such as the presence or absence of mercury. In one embodiment, the product may include a plurality of oligonucleotides immobilized at known locations on a substrate as an array, such that each location on the array is an oligonucleotide having a sequence derived from a single, predetermined operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and wherein at least one sequence on the array is associated with the presence or absence of mercury. The sequences immobilized on the array may be from known, or unknown organisms. Also disclosed are methods for identifying and isolating bioindicators diagnostic of ecosystem parameters, such as whether mercury is present. The compositions, products, methods and systems of the invention may be used for rapid, and continual monitoring of ecosystems for parameters of interest, such as the presence or absence of mercury.

Abstract: A reagentless, reusable bioelectronic DNA, or other oligonucleotide sequence sensor is disclosed. The sensor includes an oligonucleotide (aptamer) probe tagged with a electroactive, redoxable moiety, self-assembled on or near an electrode. This surface-confined oligonucleotide (aptamer) probe structure undergoes hybridization-induced conformational change in the presence of the target which changes the electron-transfer distance between the redoxable moiety and the electrode thereby providing a detectable signal change. In an alternative embodiment, the target can harbor the redoxable moiety.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting at least one parameter representative of molecular probes fixed to zones of a sensor.

Abstract: Matrices for manipulation of biopolymers, including the separation, purification, immobilization and archival storage of biopolymers is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing biopolymer arrays comprising a porous membrane and bound biopolymers. In particular, said production of biopolymer arrays comprises electrochemical production cycles.

Abstract: The invention generally provides molecular biosensors. In particular, the invention provides molecular biosensors having one or more aptamers. The molecular biosensors are useful in several methods including in the identification and quantification of target molecules.

Abstract: A method of making a microarray apparatus with enhanced feature detectability provides for accurate detection of each feature location, regardless of the quality or quantity of signals from hybridized oligomer test probes. The method comprises separately providing a control probe or stilt and an oligomer test probe at each feature location on the microarray, such that each feature comprises a control probe and a test probe. The control probe comprises a sequence of nucleic acids unique to the control probe. The control probe is labeled with a label that emits a control signal. The oligomer test probe is labeled with a test label that emits a test signal distinguishable from the control signal. When the microarray is hybridized and interrogated, the control signal indicates the location of each and every feature on the array and the test signal indicates the location of hybridized oligomer test probes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the identification of specific target cells in whole blood. The present invention discloses methods for detecting and optionally quantifying a target cell in untreated or substantially untreated whole blood. The present invention further discloses kits for detecting and optionally quantifying a target cell in untreated or substantially untreated whole blood.

Abstract: A DNA sensor including a p-channel field-effect transistor having as a gate an electrolyte solution and having as a channel a diamond surface which contains a mixture of at least a hydrogen-terminated surface and a surface terminated by an amino group or a molecule with an amino group as an amino termination; a probe DNA constituted of a single-stranded DNA with known nucleotide sequence which is directly immobilized by a linker to the amino termination of the diamond surface; and a target DNA constituted of an unknown single-stranded DNA which is dropped on said diamond surface, wherein the hybridization of the target and probe is ascertained by detecting a shift of the threshold voltage of said p-channel field effect transistor toward positive direction which is due to increase in hole density of the p-channel resulting from doubling the negative electric charge of the phosphate groups upon hybridization.

Abstract: Disclosed are nanometer to micron scale functionalized apertures constructed on a substrate made of glass, carbon, semiconductors or polymeric materials that allow for the real time detection of biological materials or chemical moieties. Many apertures can exist on one substrate allowing for the simultaneous detection of numerous chemical and biological molecules. One embodiment features a macrocyclic ring attached to cross-linkers, wherein the macrocyclic ring has a biological or chemical probe extending through the aperture. Another embodiment achieves functionalization by attaching chemical or biological anchors directly to the walls of the apertures via cross-linkers.

Abstract: The invention provides a water-swellable hydrophobic hydrogel and analytical devices incorporating the hydrogel of the invention. Also provided are methods of using the hydrogel to prepare the analytical devices and methods of using the analytical devices to detect, quantitate and discriminate between analytes in a sample. Moreover, the invention provides kits that include components of a hydrogel and instructions for making a chip with a hydrophobic surface.

Abstract: A substance (for example, methylcellulose) that undergoes a reversible gel to sol phase transition is utilized in a recovery method for specific micromaterials such as DNA molecules, cells, microorganisms and the like, approximately several ?m in size, from a mixture containing other micromaterials, and a micromaterial is accurately and conveniently recovered. The present invention is a method of recovering a desired micromaterial in a system comprising a medium that undergoes a reversible phase transition between a sol and a gel, a support material and micromaterials, comprising the steps of converting the medium surrounding the micromaterial to be recovered into a gel locally to immobilize said micromaterial on said support along with the gelled medium, removing the medium and micromaterials not immobilized on said support material and converting the gelled medium to a sol to recover the micromaterial.