Abstract: A method of degrading keratinaceous material is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of combining the keratinaceous material with Bacillus licheniformis to form a fermentation media and then fermenting the media for a time sufficient to degrade the material. The method can be used to produce amino acids from keratinaceous material and to produce a hydrolyzed feather product useful as a feed additive from the keratinaceous material.A preferred keratinaceous material for carrying out the present invention is feather, and a preferred bacteria for carrying out the invention is Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1.

Abstract: Polypeptides that bind to CD2, the receptor on the surface of T-lymphocytes. Most preferably, the polypeptides bind to CD2 on the surface of T-lymphocytes and inhibit adhesion between T-lymphocytes and target cells. DNA sequences that code on expression in appropriate unicellular hosts for those polypeptides. Methods of making and using those polypeptides in therapy and diagnosis.

Abstract: A biological reagent and diagnostic system for the detection and quantitation of endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) are disclosed, as are substantially pure, recombinant human endothelial PAI, its biologically pure gene and a vector for cloning the gene and expressing a gene product.

Abstract: Methods and mutant Bacillus thuringiensis strains are provided for controlling lepidopteran insects. Sporogenic, crystalliferous mutant strains for B. thuringiensis having the identifying characteristics of NRRL B-18195, NRRL B-18196 and NRRL B-18197 are provided for use as biocontrol agents. Said strains have the ability to produce a bypyramidal crystal composed of toxic protein and require a leucine and valine containing nutrient medium for growth, sporulation and crystal production.

Abstract: A method for altering a cell by exchanging a preselected cellular DNA sequence with an exogenous DNA sequence different from the cellular DNA sequence employs an exogenous DNA sequence encapsidated in a polyoma or polyoma-like capsid. The polyoma capsid is then contacted to the cell so that the exogenous DNA sequence is introduced within the cell and exchanges with the preselected cellular DNA sequence by homologous recombination.A preferred article of manufacture comprises a polyoma capsid and a plurality of DNA sequences encapsulated within the polyoma capsid. The DNA sequences each comprise not more than an incomplete portion of a single preselected gene.The exogenous DNA sequence may optionally be complexed to a DNA binding protein, such as a recA protein, prior to encapsulating the exogenous DNA sequence within a viral capsid, so that the uptake of the DNA sequence into the capsid is enhanced.

Abstract: A recombinant plasmid which may be used for propagation of cloned cDNAs and also for the in vitro synthesis of RNA which is an exact copy of the natural sequence, wherein the transcript is devoid of vector-derived sequence. The novel vector was generated de novo by genetic engineering procedures using a synthetic double strand oligodeoxyribonucleotide fragment and a larger DNA fragment derived from plasmid pSP64. The vector, plasmid pHST-O, carried by Escherichia coli HB101, deposited with the ATCC on Dec.

Abstract: Two new bacterial strains designated Zoogloea ramigera 115SL and Zoogloea ramigera 115SLR, a rifampicin resistant derivative of 115SL, have been developed. These strains are derived from the wild type Zoogloea ramigera 115, ATCC 25935. The two new strains produce a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) and have several desirable characteristics that are absent from the parent strain, including improved culture properties, since they do not produce an EPS capsule layer like that of the parent 115 strain. The 115SL EPS is instead excreted as a slime layer which is not confined to the immediate area surrounding the cells. Since cells are not trapped within a floc where they grow at a reduced rate or die because of nutrient starvation, the new strains have more consistent and reproducible growth cycles and increased growth rates. As a consequence, exopolysaccharide production is more consistent and titers are higher. The separation of the EPS from the cells is also much easier and more economical.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a single polypeptide chain binding molecule which has binding specificity and affinity substantially similar to the binding specificity and affinity of the light and heavy chain aggregate variable region of an antibody, to genetic sequences coding therefor, and to recombinant DNA methods of producing such molecule and uses for such molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating and purifying proteases and antiproteases. This process is characterized in that there are placed in contact an insoluble cross-linked polymer including in its chain the group --SO.sub.3 R.sub.1 -- and/or the group --SO.sub.2 R.sub.2 -- in which R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or metal and R.sub.2 denotes the remainder of an amino acid linked to the --SO.sub.2 -- bridge through its amine --NH--, function, with the solution containing proteases and antiproteases or their complex; separating the polymer which has absorbed the desired protein, washing it carefully with the buffer, desorbing the absorbed protein by a solution of a polycationic compound in the case of T or by an albumin solution in the case of AT or of the complex T-AT, and isolating the protein, if desired, by known means, such as, especially, freeze drying. The invention is useful for studying the mechanism of blood coagulation.

Abstract: Metallothionein transcription control sequences, promoters or inducing regions, free of DNA encoding metallothionein, are used to inducibly express genes encoding polypeptides of interest. Vectors and host expression systems using the transciption control sequences, promoters and/or inducing regions are provided.

Abstract: A method of producing a low-molecular weight peptide mixture, comprising the steps of dissolving a first protease in a buffer solution adjusted to an optimum pH for the protease ranging from pH 3 to 10, adding at least one first protein in a buffer solution having a pH of from 3 to 10 and a concentration of 10 to 60% by weight of the protein material and thoroughly mixing the solution, adding a solution of an ester of at least one amino acid pre-formed by esterification of the amino acid with an alcohol, the pH of said buffer solution being optimum for the incorporation of said amino acid in said starting protein in the presence of said first protease in a plastein reaction, reacting said ester of at least one amino acid with said starting protein in a plastein reaction in the mixed solution whereby said at least one amino acid is covalently incorporated into said starting protein to produce a plastein reaction solution containing a modified protein, hydrolyzing said modified protein using at least one second

Abstract: Sequencing of the XPR2 and LEU2 genes of Yarrowia lipolytica, recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica cloning vehicles comprising heterologous DNA coding for the expression of mammalian protein and other polypeptides, including plasmids suited for transformation of Y. lipolytica hosts and incorporating a regulon homologous to the host in its untransformed state, and secretion signals for the heterologous gene; integrative expression vectors using the XPR 2 gene promoter, alkaline protease pre-proregion and XPR2 terminator region and those having the LEU2 promoter and alkaline protease secretory signal sequences capable, in a transformed Y. lipolytica cell culture, of expressing and secreting a heterologous protein outside the cell; Y. lipolytica transformants comprising said vectors and plasmids; methods for preparing vectors to direct secretion of specified heterologous proteins coded for by genes, cDNA or synthetic DNA in Y. lipolytica in their mature, functional state.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the ability for humoral immune response in a mammal comprising: exposing lymphocytes histocompatible with the lymphocytes of said mammal to the presence of delta-immunoglobulin at a concentration higher than that at which said lymphocytes would have been exposed while in the lymph or bloodstream of said mammal; and introducing said lymphocytes to the bloodstream or lymph of said mammal.

Abstract: The DNA sequence encoding T4 DNA polymerase (gene 43 of T4 phase) has been successfully cloned, thereby providing a convenient source of this enzyme. The method involves the production of a gene 43 NH.sub.2 -terminus fragment absent its promoter. The latter is ligated to a fragment containing the remaining COOH-terminus sequence but lacking base pairs beyond this terminus which heretofore caused destabilization effects in cloning. The full sequence of the DNA sequence has been elucidated. Corresponding cloning methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and constructions for controlling the copy number and for maintaining the stability of a plasmid in yeast cells involving inserting into the plasmid a centromere sequence under the transcriptional control of a regulatable promotor. The promoter is not activated when it is desirable to maintain a copy number of one per haploid cell (e.g. during a culture growth phase) but is activated when expression is desired. When the promoter is inactive, the centromere sequence causes the plasmid to behave as a minichromosome, but upon activation of the promoter transcription through the centromere sequence permits an increase in copy number. Multicopy plasmids are selected for by inserting a G418 resistance gene in the plasmid. Medium concentrations of greater than about 400 .mu.g/ml of G418 will select for cells containing multiple copies of the plasmid while lesser concentrations of G418 select for cells containing a single copy of a plasmid containing G418.sup.

Abstract: An animal cell line transformed with an expression vector for an animal cell, the expression vector which contains a DNA segment comprising:(a) a DNA sequence coding for a signal peptide of an animal cell-derived protein,(b) a second DNA sequence coding for a different protein from the signal protein joined downstream of said signal peptide encoding DNA sequence without causing any reading frame shift, and(c) a promoter DNA sequence capable of functioning in an animal cell, wherein the promoter sequence is positioned upstream of the signal peptide encoding DNA sequence, can produce glycosylated proteins advantageously as secretable proteins.

Abstract: The present invention is related to providing a non-infectious molecular clone of a mutant HIV and HIV proteins useful as immunogens and reagents for diagnostic kit.

Abstract: A process for preserving the phosphorylating activity of brewer's yeast by means of the intracellular immobilization of the glycolytic enzymes by glutaraldehyde. The process provides the following steps:permeabilization of the cell wall by the combined effect of temperature and the osmotic shock caused by the addition of a concentrated solution of dextrose and phosphates;immobilization of the glycolytic enzymes by cross-linking with intracellular proteins;protection of the SH groups against possible oxidation by the addition of deproteinized yeast extract.

Abstract: The A fragment of the diphtheria toxin (DTA) was encapsulated in pH-sensitive liposomes. This novel reagent is extremely cytotoxic to cells expressing surface antigen which is recognized by the immunoliposome. The reagent is not toxic to cells which do not express the antigen. Thus, this reagent, or others similarly prepared represent potential anticancer reagents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for enhancing the ability for humoral immune response in a mammal comprising:exposing lymphocytes histocompatible with the lymphocytes of said mammal to the presence of polymeric or aggregated delta-immunoglobulin at a concentration higher than that at which said lymphocytes would have been exposed while in the lymph or bloodstream of said mammal; and introducing said lymphocytes to the bloodstream or lymph of said mammal.