Abstract: A timer apparatus having a power source, a timer unit for outputting time information to which a time is set via a setting terminal, and a control unit in which a program for permitting set of a time in the timer unit only once is written from the outside via a write terminal and which controls the timer unit. After the program is written to the control unit via the write terminal, the write terminal is disconnected, and the power source, timer unit and control unit are molded integrally. A low-cost timer apparatus in which a time cannot be changed incorrectly can be realized without mounting a processor for performing a complicated process.

Abstract: A key recovery information distribution device is provided between a recoverer device and a key recovery device, recovers a data key for the recoverer device, and reduces the load of the recoverer device. Data is encrypted using the data key and stored with key recovery information. The recoverer device which decrypts the encrypted data distributes the key recovery information to key recovery devices through the key recovery information distribution device to recover key information. A recoverer is authenticated directly between the key recovery device and the recoverer device, and then the key information is transmitted to the recoverer device, and the recoverer device recovers the data key.

Abstract: An international cryptography framework (ICF) is provided that allows manufacturers to comply with varying national laws governing the distribution of cryptographic capabilities. In particular, such a framework makes it possible to ship worldwide cryptographic capabilities in all types of information processing devices (e.g. printers, palm-tops). The ICF comprises a set of service elements which allow applications to exercise cryptographic functions under the control of a policy. The four core elements of the ICF architecture, i.e. the host system, cryptographic unit, policy activation token, and network security server, comprise an infrastructure that provides cryptographic services to applications. Applications that request cryptographic services from various service elements within the ICF are identified through a certificate to protect against misuse of a granted level of cryptography.