Abstract: This camera includes a viewfinder and a device (4) for detecting the visual line of a photographer looking through the viewfinder, an operation member (1), (8) such as a release button which is operated by the photographer to take a photograph, a means (2) for inputting calibration information, and a means for performing photography (5), (6), (7). The calibration information input means (2) operates in response to the operation of the operation member (1), (8), and inputs and stores calibration information when the photographer fixates on a target mark (3, b) visible within the viewfinder, based upon the visual line detected at that time by the visual line detection means (4). The object intended by the photographer to be photographed is detected and photographs it, based upon the visual line detected by the visual line detection means (4) and the stored calibration information.

Abstract: A focus detecting apparatus detecting focus to a plurality of areas receives outputs from a plurality of sensors. A processing circuit evaluates the plurality of output signals from the respective plurality of sensors, and independently evaluates whether or not each of the output signals fulfills each of a plurality of predetermined judgement conditions. A selection circuit (i) determines the total number of judgement conditions fullfilled by each of the output signals, (ii) selects the output from one of the plurality of sensors on the basis of the determination.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining exposure amount in a copying apparatus includes: a photometric measuring device for effecting photometry by dividing an image recorded on a recording material into a multiplicity of segments and by separating each segment into a multiplicity of colors consisting of four or more predetermined colors; a storage device for storing photometric data on the multiplicity of colors obtained from photometry by the photometric measuring device; an image-density calculating device for calculating an image density equivalent to an image density obtained by photometrically measuring the image with the photometric measuring device exhibiting a spectral sensitivity distribution equivalent to that of a copying material, on the basis of the photometric data on the multiplicity of colors and the spectral sensitivity distribution of the copying material; a correction-amount determining device for determining a correction amount with respect to the image density on the basis of the photometric data o

Abstract: A motor driven shutter by which various operational modes are freely selectable and photographing timing is shortened includes springs and a motor arranged in a manner freely selectable as driving forces for opening and closing the shutter and are combined or selected corresponding to the operational mode. The photographing timing is shortened by operating in parallel an F number setting operation and a focus adjusting operation. Various modes may be selected according to the photographing purpose, and the photographing timing may be shortened.

Abstract: An eye direction detecting apparatus for a camera having a light transferring system for guiding a beam of parallel light rays to an eye of a photographer includes a light receiving system having a light receiving portion on which a first Purkinje image based on specular reflection of a cornea of the eye and reflecting light from a retina of the eye is formed, the light receiving portion generating a light receiving output. The apparatus further includes a processing circuit for detecting the eye direction of the eye based on the light receiving output of the light receiving portion. Further, according to the teachings of the present invention, including an optical member having certain identically inclined surfaces prevents refracted light from forming a ghost image within the light receiving system of an eye direction detecting apparatus.

Abstract: In photographic recordings made by fluorescence microscopy, it is possible for a bleaching out of the preparation to occur, associated with a loss of fluorescence intensity. This so-called "fading" demands an exposure time correction. Where there is a decrease of the light intensity which obeys a known function, exposure takes place over a first exposure time T.sub.1 derived from the light intensity I.sub.1 measured prior to the exposure. The exposure process is then interrupted, and a further intensity I.sub.2 is measured. Then, if required, exposure takes place over a further exposure time T.sub.2, computed from I.sub.1, I.sub.2 and T.sub.1. In this way, in each instance, all of the light of the photographic beam path passes both to the sensor for measurement for measuring intensities and also to the film for exposure. To deflect the photographic beam path, a rotatable mirror is disposed in the beam path, which mirror is controllable by means of a central processor, in the same manner as a shutter.

Abstract: A camera includes an operation device having a plurality of operation modes for executing an operation, a mode changing device for changing over operation modes, a designation device for designating a desired operation mode as an initial mode, and a reset device for resetting the operation device to the designated initial mode.

Abstract: View point detecting apparatus wherein first and subsequent view point data are compared includes state detecting structure for detecting the state of an observer's view point. Circuitry is provided for determining, when amounts of a variation between a first view point information and a subsequent view point information exceed a predetermined value, that the first view point information is effective. Preferably, structure is also provided for adjusting a photo-taking lens on the basis of the first view point information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for optically reading or reproducing digital information recorded as a plurality of pits on at least one track of a movie film. A linear light source having a plurality of light elements, such as LED's, is arranged such that light from at least one of the light elements is irradiated on each of the pits. The light or optical beam from the linear light source is transmitted through the pits of the movie film and received by a light receiving element, such as a photodiode, having a single light receiving portion. The light elements of the linear light source are lit sequentially so that the digital information recorded in each line of each track may be read out at a pit unit by the light receiving element.

Abstract: A device is provided device for detecting the line of sight of an observer, based on the positions of the Purkinje's image and of the center of the pupil circle. The device is capable, in determining the pupil circle from the pupil edge data collected from the image sensor, of preventing erroneous estimation of the pupil circle resulting from false noise data, by partially excluding or adding the edge data in the estimation process of the pupil circle and evaluating the reliability of the obtained estimated circle.

Abstract: A film feed device comprises motor for feeding a film, a power supply battery for supplying a voltage to the motor, a velocity detection unit for detecting a film feed velocity, a deceleration unit for duty-driving the motor, a reverse drive brake unit for reversely driving the motor to stop the film feed, and a control unit for controlling the deceleration unit and the reverse drive brake unit based on the film feed velocity detected by the velocity detection unit.

Abstract: An automatic film feed camera includes a fork which engages a film cartridge spool to drive film out of the cartridge. When a camera cover closes a film cartridge chamber, the motor driving the fork is energized. If a detector fails to detect proper loading of a cartridge within a given time limit, the motor is turned off. When proper film loading is detected, pulses generated by a rotation detector are counted, representing the quantity of film sent toward the take-up spool. When this count reaches a predetermined quantity, driving of the fork is stopped, and driving of a take-up spool is started. If the detection device for detecting rotation of the fork fails to generate pulses indicating rotation of the fork within a given time limit after initiation of driving the take-up spool, driving of the take-up spool is stopped and the film is rewound into the cartridge by driving the fork in a reverse direction in accordance with the count represented by the sent quantity of film.

Abstract: A focus detection apparatus provided with a reimaging optical system for forming a pair of secondary objective images capable of changing the relative positions with each other, an iris member having a pair of apertures for controlling the light beam passing through the reimaging optical system, and a condenser lens for projecting the apertures of the iris member onto the exit pupil of the photographing lens. The reimaging optical system is structured by an optical member having the optical axis which is different from the optical axis of the photographing lens in a space between the iris member and the condenser lens, and further, the two apertures which are paired on the iris member have circular arc portions respectively at the furthest positions from the optical axis of the photographing lens, and the centers of the two circular arcs are arranged to be different from each other.

Abstract: An eye direction detecting apparatus of a camera having a view finder in which a bundle of rays reflected from an object to be photographed and transmitted through a taking lens is made incident on a photographer's eye to form an erect image thereof by an image erecting optical element. The apparatus includes a light emitting optical system which emits measuring light to be made incident upon the photographer's eye through a part of the view finder, and a light receiving optical system which receives light reflected from the photographer's eye to detect the eye direction. The light emitting optical system and the light receiving optical system are arranged so that optical axes thereof lie in a plane normal to an optical axis of a bundle of rays incident upon the image erecting optical element through the taking lens.

Abstract: In an exposure calculation device for a camera including a photometric sensor which performs photometry on the light from an object to be photographed and outputs a photometric signal related to the brightness thereof and a calculation device which calculates an exposure value based upon the photometric signal, the calculation device calculates the exposure value based upon the value obtained by subtracting a compensation value signal from the photometric signal from the object to be photographed. This compensation value signal is the stored photometric signal obtained when a condition change-over device is in its condition to prevent light from an object to be photographed from reaching the photometric device, i.e. is the signal value due to the noise component or generated as a function of temperature.

Abstract: A camera of this invention can load a film cartridge, and has a spool around which a film is wound, a case for rotatably storing the spool, and an indicator for discriminatively indicating a use state of a film according to a rotational angular position of the spool. The camera has a spool drive, which can be engaged with the spool of the loaded cartridge at a predetermined rotational angular position, and can rotate the spool upon engagement, a first drive control for controlling the spool drive so as to rotate the spool to an angular position where the indicator indicates a used state of the film after the film is rewound, and an unloading detector for detecting an unloading operation of the film cartridge from the camera. The camera also has a second drive control for controlling the spool drive to assume an angular position where the spool drive can be engaged with the spool of the film cartridge on which a film unused state is indicated after the unloading operation of the film cartridge is detected.

Abstract: A camera system comprises a brightness measuring circuit, a exposure line choosing circuit, an operable switch, a film driver and a film driving mode selector.The brightness measuring circuit measures brightness of a photographic scene to send a brightness value. The exposure line choosing circuit chooses one of a plurality of exposure lines in which each lines selects a combination of an aperture value and a shutter speed value at each brightness value. The film driver drives a film in either of a first mode in which the film is wound only one frame in response to the operation of the operable switch and a second mode in which the film is wound frame by frame continuously as long as the operable member is operated. The film driving mode selector selects one of the modes in accordance with the exposure line chosen by the choosing circuit.

Abstract: The invention concerns a back-driven-type autofocus camera of a photographic lens-interchangeable type, which is capable of operating an autofocus function in any lens mounted on a lens mount directly or by means of an adapter ring. The back-driven-type autofocus camera includes a movable section having a film feeding and holding device, a range-finding element, and an optical system, and a fixed section having an outer case provided with a release button and a lens mount. The fixed section incorporates therein the movable section through a slider device so as to permit focusing-adjustment driving of the movable section in the direction of the optical axis of a photographic lens. The outer case with certain rigidity is arranged so as to separate the movable section from an external force.

Abstract: A camera device comprises an eye-gaze position detecting for detecting a photographer's eye-gaze position in a photographing image field, a starting device responsive to the satisfaction of a predetermined condition indicative of a situation in which the detection of the eye-gaze position should be started to start the operation of the eye-gaze position detecting device, a timer device responsive to the counting of a predetermined time from after the power source of the camera is turned on to stop the operation of the eye-gaze position detecting device, a timer resetting device responsive to the satisfaction of the predetermined condition to initialize the time counting by the timer device.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a first zooming lens, a designating device for designating a zooming range, a storing circuit for storing the zooming range designated by the designating device, and a driving control device for zooming the first lens within the zooming range stored in the storing circuit.