Abstract: A supply voltage detecting circuit has a voltage detection circuit and a current clamping circuit. The voltage detection circuit receives and detects a supply voltage and is used to detect to generate a low-voltage detection signal. When the supply voltage is lower than a set level, the low voltage detection signal output by the voltage detection circuit turns off the current clamping circuit, and a transistor current flowing through the voltage detection circuit is proportional to the supply voltage; and when the supply voltage is higher than or equal to the set level, the low voltage detection signal output by the voltage detection circuit turns on the current clamping circuit, and the current clamping circuit provides a constant current to maintain the operation of the voltage detection circuit, wherein the transistor current flowing through the voltage detection circuit is proportional to the constant current.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for constant and reliable power distribution, using a redundant power bridge battery architecture, in autonomous vehicles are described. An example method includes determining that each of a plurality of sensors is operating within in a nominal range for the respective sensor, and distributing, based on the determining, power from at least one alternating current (AC) power source or at least one direct current (DC) power source to at least one power distribution unit (PDU), wherein a first power bridge is coupled to the at least one AC power source and the at least one DC power source and a second power bridge is coupled to the at least one DC power source and the at least one PDU, and wherein the plurality of sensors is used to monitor a health of the vehicle and any single point failure is detectable.

Abstract: A first phase adjuster adjusts the phase of any one of first and second AC voltages generated in a negative resistance circuit so that a shift amount ? in a first variable phase shifter falls within a range of 0 degrees??<180 degrees, and outputs the phase-adjusted AC voltage to the first variable phase shifter, and a second phase adjuster adjusts the phase of the other one of the first and second AC voltages generated in the negative resistance circuit so that a shift amount ? in a second variable phase shifter falls within a range of 0 degrees??<180 degrees, and outputs the phase-adjusted AC voltage to the second variable phase shifter.

Abstract: Circuitry for controlling current between a load and a power supply, the circuitry comprising: an output stage comprising: an input node configured to be coupled to the power supply; and an output node configured to be coupled to the load; and one or more control nodes for controlling a conduction path between the input node and the output node; and protection circuitry coupled to the one or more control nodes, the protection circuitry configured to break the conduction path between the input node and the output node when a load voltage at the output node exceeds a supply voltage at the input node, wherein the protection circuitry comprises: an active protection circuit configured to break the conduction path when the supply voltage exceeds an operational threshold of the active protection circuit; and a passive protection circuit configured to break the conduction path when the supply voltage is below an operation threshold of the active protection circuit.

Abstract: A power supply switching apparatus includes a first switching unit supplying power from a first conductive path to a first output path when the voltage of the first conductive path is greater than the voltage of a second conductive path, and supplies power from the second conductive path to the first output path. A second switching unit 80 supplies power from a fourth conductive path to a second output path when the voltage of a fourth conductive path is greater than the voltage of a third conductive path, and supplies power from the third conductive path to the second output path. An element unit allows a current to flow from the second conductive path to the third conductive path when the voltage of the third conductive path is smaller than the voltage of the second conductive path, and otherwise blocks a current.

Abstract: A method and power distribution system for operating in a low power consumption mode includes a primary power distribution node defining a primary distribution switch having an output and operable in a first conducting mode and a second non-conducting mode, and wherein operating in the second non-conducting mode includes a leakage current through the power distribution switch, at least one enabled electrical load downstream of the primary power distribution node, the at least one enabled electrical load connectable to the primary power distribution node by way of the primary distribution switch, and a primary power distribution node power source configured to supply power to the output of the primary distribution switch when the primary distribution switch is operating in the second non-conducting mode.

Abstract: An adapter comprises an input port being coupleable with a single-voltage output interface of a single-voltage battery pack or a multi-voltage output interface of a multi-voltage battery pack, an output port electrically connected to the input port and being coupleable with a single-voltage input interface of a first power tool or a multi-voltage input interface of a second power tool, a switching mechanism being switchable between a first state and a second state. When the switching mechanism is in the first state, the input port is coupled with the single-voltage output interface and the output port is coupled with the multi-voltage input interface of the second power tool, when the switching mechanism is in the second state, the input port is coupled with the multi-voltage output interface and the output port is coupled with the single-voltage input interface of the first power tool.

Abstract: A low power comparator and a self-regulated device for adjusting power saving level of an electronic device are provided. The low power comparator includes an input differential pair circuit, a self-regulated device, and a tail current switch. The input differential pair circuit is configured to receive input signals to be compared. The self-regulated device is coupled to the input differential pair circuit and includes a self-regulated circuit which has a first transistor with a first threshold voltage and a second transistor with a second threshold voltage and is configured to adjust a power saving level of the low-power comparator according to the first threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage. The tail current switch is coupled to the input differential pair circuit through the self-regulated circuit to provide a constant current to the input differential pair circuit.

Abstract: A magnetic field controlled transistor circuit includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a channel including a magneto-resistive material. The channel is arranged between the first and second electrodes and electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes. The transistor circuit further includes a third electrode, a fourth electrode, and a control layer including an electrically conductive material. The control layer is arranged between the third and fourth electrodes and electrically coupled to the third and fourth electrodes. In addition, an insulating layer including an insulating material is provided. The insulating layer is arranged between the channel and the control layer and configured to electrically insulate the channel from the control layer. A related method for operating a transistor circuit and a corresponding design structure are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the microwave amplification system are described. In an embodiment, a microwave amplification system includes a microwave amplifier that contains a paramagnetic material with an impurity. The impurity has a plurality of nuclear spin and electron spin-based energy levels. The system includes an input to receive a pumping signal which is transmitted to the microwave amplifier to cause a population inversion in the impurity and excite it to one of the nuclear spin and electron spin-based energy levels. The system further includes another input to receive an input signal to be amplified by the microwave amplifier, the input signal having a lower power than the pumping signal. Once transmitted to the microwave amplifier, the input signal is amplified by the excited state of the impurity in the microwave amplifier thereby generating an amplified signal.

Abstract: An oscillator control system includes an non-linear oscillator structure configured to oscillate about an axis; a driver circuit configured to generate a driving signal to drive the oscillator structure; a detection circuit configured to measure an angle amplitude and a phase error of the oscillator structure; an amplitude controller configured to generate a reference oscillator period based on the measured angle amplitude; a period and phase controller configured to receive the reference oscillator period and the measured phase error from the detection circuit, generate at least one control parameter of the driving signal based on the reference oscillator period and the measured phase error, and determine a driving period of the driving signal based on the reference oscillator period and the measured phase error. The driver circuit is configured to generate the driving signal based on the at least one control parameter and the driving period.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for connecting multiple loads with a common return pin in engine control module application are disclosed. Only one of the multiple loads can be connected to a power source at a time. At the high side, each load is coupled to the power source through a respective pin at a connector. At the low side, the multiple loads share a common return pin at the connector that connects the loads to the ground. When a first load is connected to the power source at the high side, a first low side driver circuit is used to connect the first load to the ground at the low side. When a second load is connected to the power source at the high side, the second low side driver circuit is used to connect the second load to the ground at the low side.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a first voltage conversion unit, a second voltage conversion unit, and a control unit. The first voltage conversion unit generates a first voltage from power supplied from a first power supply or a second power supply. The second voltage conversion unit generates a second voltage, which is lower than the first voltage, from power supplied from the first power supply or the second power supply. The control unit controls a process of supplying power, supplied from the first power supply, to the first voltage conversion unit and a process of supplying power, supplied from the second power supply, to the second voltage conversion unit, in a case where a predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: Emergency power control systems enable Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) devices to be powered by primary and emergency power sources.

Abstract: A local oscillator buffer circuit comprises a complementary common-source stage comprising a first p-channel transistor (MCSP) and a first n-channel transistor (MCSN), arranged such that their respective gate terminals are connected together at a first input node, and their respective drain terminals of each of is connected together at a buffer output node. A complementary source-follower stage comprises a second p-channel transistor (MSFP) and a second n-channel transistor (MSFN), arranged such that their respective gate terminals are connected together at a second input node, and their respective source terminals are connected together at the buffer output node.

Abstract: A method for monitoring battery cells of a primary on-board electrical system battery of a motor vehicle by galvanostatic impedance spectroscopy is provided. An AC signal having alternating currents of different frequencies is impressed onto the battery cells as an excitation signal, cell voltage signals of the battery cells are detected as frequency-dependent response signals to the excitation signal, impedance spectra of the battery cells are determined depending on the excitation signal and the response signals, and the primary on-board electrical system battery is divided into at least two subsections each having at least one battery cell in order to provide the excitation signal. The primary on-board electrical system battery is electrically connected to a secondary on-board electrical system battery of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A power supply system includes: a first power circuit having a first battery, a second power circuit having a second battery, a voltage converter which converts voltage between the first power circuit and the second power circuit, a power converter which converts power between the first power circuit and the drive motor, a power control unit which controls charge/discharge of the first and second batteries by operating the voltage converter and the power converter, a first voltage parameter acquisition unit which calculates an effective value for the closed circuit voltage of the first battery as a first voltage parameter, a second voltage parameter acquisition unit which calculates the static voltage of the second battery as a second voltage parameter, in which the power control unit causes power to discharge from the second battery so that the second voltage parameter becomes no more than the first voltage parameter.

Abstract: An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) including a drift compensation circuit is provided. The OEO includes a set of optical domain components communicatively coupled with a set of RF domain components. The RF domain components include a mode selection filter, a phase locked loop (PLL) and a drift compensation circuit communicatively coupled between the mode selection filter and the PLL. The mode selection filter provides a mode selection result to the drift compensation circuit. The drift compensation circuit phase modulates the mode selection result in a vector based coordinate system to maintain a drift compensated mode selection result within a locking bandwidth of the PLL, and to minimize phase shifting from accumulating phase drift. The PLL detects a phase difference between the drift compensated mode selection result and a reference signal, for use in maintaining the PLL in a phase lock with the reference signal, in particular over wide operational temperature ranges.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes: a first system configured to supply electric power of a first power supply to a first load; a second system configured to supply electric power of a second power supply to a second load; a connection unit capable of connecting and disconnecting the first system and the second system; a second system switch capable of connecting the second power supply to the second system; and an inspection unit configured to perform inspection as to whether electric power is capable of being supplied from the second power supply to the second load, and, when a voltage of the second power supply is not equal to a voltage of the first power supply, the inspection unit controls the first power supply as defined herein and conducts the second system switch to perform the inspection by stepping down or up the voltage of the first power supply.

Abstract: A voltage tracking circuit is provided and includes first and second P-type transistors and a voltage reducing circuit. The drain of the first P-type transistor is coupled to a first voltage terminal. The voltage reducing circuit is coupled between the first voltage terminal and the gate of the first P-type transistor. The voltage reducing circuit reduces a first voltage at the first voltage terminal by a modulation voltage to generate a control voltage and provides the control voltage to the gate of the first P-type transistor. The gate of the second P-type transistor is coupled to the first voltage terminal, and the drain thereof is coupled to a second voltage terminal. The source of the first P-type transistor and the source of the second P-type transistor are coupled to the output terminal of the voltage tracking circuit. The output voltage is generated at the output terminal.