Abstract: A method for generating a clock signal using a digital phase-locked loop includes updating a gain of a variable gain digital filter of the digital phase-locked loop using an estimate error of a current estimate of a phase and a frequency of an input clock signal and a measurement error of a measurement of the phase and the frequency of the input clock signal. The gain may include a proportional gain component and an integral gain component. The method may include calculating the current estimate of the phase and the frequency of the input clock signal based on a previous estimate of the phase and the frequency of the input clock signal, the measurement of the phase and the frequency of the input clock signal, and the gain of the variable gain digital filter. The gain may be updated every cycle of the input clock signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic modulation device may include a receiver configured to receive electromagnetic signals, a digital-to-analog converter configured to continuously generate a modulation signal, a mixer coupled to the receiver and the digital-to-analog converter and configured to encode the electromagnetic signals received by the receiver with the modulation signal generated by the digital-to-analog converter upon receipt of the electromagnetic signals by the receiver, and a transmitter coupled to the mixer and configured to transmit the encoded electromagnetic signals generated by the mixer.

Abstract: A power management integrated circuit and a method of operating the power management integrated circuit are disclosed. The power management integrated includes an upper regulator circuit that receives a system voltage as an input and outputs a first output voltage; a lower regulator circuit having the first output voltage as an input; and a Kelvin switch circuit connected between the upper regulator circuit and the lower regulator circuit. The Kelvin switch circuit includes a plurality of switches that connect any one of a plurality of upper regulators included in the upper regulator circuit to any one of a plurality of lower regulators included in the lower regulator circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) including a semiconductor body. The semiconductor body comprises a first resonator, a second resonator, a supporting portion, and one or more heating elements of a heater. The first resonator is to resonate at a first resonating frequency that is generally frequency-stable over a predetermined temperature range. The second resonator is to resonate at a second resonating frequency that is generally linearly decreasing or increasing as temperature increases over the predetermined temperature range. The supporting portion is to support both the first resonator and the second resonator. The one or more heating elements of the heater are on, or in, the supporting portion.

Abstract: A control device coupled to an oscillator circuit and including a first output circuit, a synchronizer circuit, a hysteresis circuit, a stable circuit, and a second output circuit is provided. The first output circuit activates an oscillator circuit according to an activation signal so that the oscillator circuit generates an input clock. The synchronizer circuit synchronizes the activation signal to generate a synchronization signal. The synchronization signal is synchronized with the input clock. The hysteresis circuit directs the first output circuit to disable the oscillator circuit according to the synchronization signal. The stable circuit enables a transmission signal according to the input clock. When the transmission signal is enabled, the second output circuit uses the input clock as an output clock.

Abstract: The electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can comprise: a communication circuit; an oscillator set to generate a clock related to the communication circuit; a plurality of electronic components arranged in the vicinity of the oscillator; a plurality of temperature sensing devices each corresponding to each of the plurality of electronic components; and a processor. According to one embodiment, the processor can operate to: collect, from the plurality of temperature sensing devices, temperature data related to the plurality of electronic components; predict a temperature change related to the plurality of electronic components on the basis of the collected temperature data; determine, on the basis of the predicted temperature change, a reference electronic component to be referred to in the oscillator clock generation; and control the oscillator clock generation on the basis of temperature data on the determined reference electronic component.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a micromechanical system including a semiconductor body. The semiconductor body comprises a first resonator, a second resonator, and a supporting portion. The first resonator is to resonate at a first resonating frequency that is generally frequency-stable over a predetermined temperature range. The second resonator is to resonate at a second resonating frequency that is generally linearly decreasing or increasing as temperature increases over the predetermined temperature range. The supporting portion is to support both the first resonator and the second resonator.

Abstract: A high-power four-quadrant converter system includes a double-secondary-side oil-immersed rectifier transformer with an output connected to four three-phase bridge type thyristor rectifiers, wherein every two rectifier bridges share a group of rectifier transformer secondary sides; two rectifier bridges sharing a group of rectifier transformer secondary sides are inversely connected in parallel, one of the two rectifier bridges realizes a forward output, and the other one realizes a reverse output; two groups of rectifier bridges which output in the same direction can operate independently or in parallel; when the two groups of rectifier bridges operate in parallel, reactors are connected in parallel to realize current sharing; and the rectifier bridges for the forward output and the reverse output realize free smooth transition under control of a controller, so that a four-quadrant operation of an output current is realized.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip-scale atomic beam system comprising an atomic vapor source, a plurality of channels, and a propagation chamber. The atomic vapor source chamber can comprise an atomic vapor source configured to emit an atomic vapor. The plurality of channels can have first ends and second ends. The first ends can be in fluid communication with the atomic vapor source chamber. The plurality of channels can be configured to collimate the atomic vapor as it moves through the plurality of channels from the first ends to the second ends. The propagation chamber can be in fluid communication with the second ends of the plurality of channels. The propagation chamber can have an internal pressure less than an internal pressure of the atomic vapor source chamber to enable the collimated atomic vapor to propagate through the propagation chamber.

Abstract: An oscillator includes a resonator element, an oscillation circuit configured to cause the resonator element to oscillate, a temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the resonator element, a plurality of temperature sensors, a failure detection circuit, and a container configured to accommodate the resonator element, the oscillation circuit, the temperature control element, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the failure detection circuit. The failure detection circuit performs failure detection for the plurality of temperature sensors and the temperature control element based on output values of the plurality of temperature sensors in a state where the temperature control element operates.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for supplying power, including short circuit protection. One example power supply circuit generally includes a switching regulator including an output coupled to a first power supply node, a battery node for coupling to a battery, a switch coupled between the first power supply node and the battery node, a first transistor including a gate coupled to the first power supply node and a source coupled to a reference potential node of the power supply circuit, and a first current source or a resistive element, coupled between a power supply rail and a drain of the first transistor. The power supply circuit may be configured to detect a short circuit on the first power supply node and trigger an automatic fault protection (AFP) mode after completion of a soft start of a voltage on the first power supply node.

Abstract: Methods and systems of real-time frequency calibration for a segmented-VCO-based PLL are disclosed. The calibration method includes: receiving a request to lock the PLL to an output frequency; looking up a segment selection signal corresponding to the output frequency and controlling operation of a VCO core according to the segment selection signal to lock the PLL to the output frequency; obtaining a tuning voltage input to the VCO core to determine whether the tuning voltage is normal. If the tuning voltage is abnormal, the segment selection signal is adjusted for segment switching or even VCO core switching. This invention allows frequency segment adjustment in advance by adjusting the segment selection signal when the tuning voltage is abnormal, thus ensuring that the output frequency of the VCO core always remains within a frequency segment having a matched frequency range.

Abstract: A voltage mode relaxation oscillator includes a bandgap reference (BGR) circuit configured to generate a BGR voltage that does not depend on temperature and a BGR current that depends on temperature; a control voltage generating circuit configured to generate a control voltage that does not depend on temperature based on the BGR voltage; a reference current generating circuit configured to generate a reference current that does not depend on temperate based on the BGR current; and an oscillator circuit configured to generate a clock signal that does not depend on temperature based on the control voltage and the reference current.

Abstract: The present invention offers useful ways of achieving high temperature stability of frequency determining components in temperature stabilized frequency control devices such as, for example, oven-controlled frequency reference devices.

Abstract: A quantum-based sensor includes a hollow electromagnetic (EM) waveguide having non-metallic layers and external metallic layers. The hollow EM waveguide encloses a gas having a pressure that is less than a threshold pressure, and all interior surfaces of the hollow EM waveguide in contact with the gas are non-metallic.

Abstract: In one example, a method includes placing a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate in a chamber. The first glass substrate has a first surface and the second glass substrate has a second surface. The first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are brought together in the chamber to form a junction between the first and second surfaces. The junction is sealed to form a glass container that encases a dipolar gas when the chamber is filled with the dipolar gas. An EM reflective coating is formed on an outer surface of the glass container.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a powertrain system including one or more electrical loads and prime mover configured to drive one or mechanical loads. A power converter is configured to power the one or more electrical loads via a main output and an auxiliary output The power converter includes a rectifier configured to power the main output and including a plurality of switching devices, an inductive-capacitive network operatively coupled with the plurality of switching devices and configured recover energy of electrical transients result resulting from operation of the plurality of switching devices, and a capacitive reservoir configured to store energy recovered by the inductive-capacitive network and power a DC/DC converter with said energy, the DC/DC converter being operatively coupled with the auxiliary output.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus that can wirelessly transmit power to a power reception apparatus via a power transmission coil and communicate with the power reception apparatus determines presence/absence of an object different from the power reception apparatus based on a Q factor of the power transmission coil measured in a phase for performing power transmission. The power transmission apparatus controls whether to execute the determination of presence/absence of the object different from the power reception apparatus based on measurement of the Q factor of the power transmission coil, based on information received from the power reception apparatus through communication that represents whether the power reception apparatus can execute predetermined processing associated with the determination of presence/absence of the object different from the power reception apparatus based on the measurement of the Q factor of the power transmission coil.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator of the present disclosure includes: a gas cell in which alkali metal atoms are encapsulated; a light generator that irradiates the gas cell with irradiation light having at least two different frequency components; a light detector that detects transmission light transmitted by the gas cell; and a controller that determines the resonance frequency of the irradiation light based on the light amount of the detected transmission light, and controls an oscillation frequency based on the determined resonance frequency. The controller determines the state of the atomic oscillator based on a control signal output when controlling the oscillation frequency.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip-scale atomic beam system comprising an atomic vapor source, a plurality of channels, and a propagation chamber. The atomic vapor source chamber can comprise an atomic vapor source configured to emit an atomic vapor. The plurality of channels can have first ends and second ends. The first ends can be in fluid communication with the atomic vapor source chamber. The plurality of channels can be configured to collimate the atomic vapor as it moves through the plurality of channels from the first ends to the second ends. The propagation chamber can be in fluid communication with the second ends of the plurality of channels. The propagation chamber can have an internal pressure less than an internal pressure of the atomic vapor source chamber to enable the collimated atomic vapor to propagate through the propagation chamber.