Abstract: Quadrature oscillator circuitry, comprising: a first differential oscillator circuit having differential output nodes and configured to generate a first pair of differential oscillator signals at those output nodes, respectively; a second differential oscillator circuit having differential output nodes and configured to generate a second pair of differential oscillator signals at those output nodes, respectively; and a cross-coupling circuit connected to cross-couple the first and second differential oscillator circuits. The cross-coupling circuit may comprise a pair of cross-coupled transistors.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a clock generator which receives an input clock and generates an output clock, a reference voltage generator which receives the input clock or the output clock, generates a sub-reference voltage in accordance with a frequency of the input clock or a frequency of the output clock, and generates a reference voltage using the sub-reference voltage and a preset error voltage, and a clock detector which receives the output clock, generates a first output voltage in accordance with the output clock, and compares the generated first output voltage with the reference voltage to output an error signal based on the output clock, wherein the preset error voltage is set in accordance with a degree of preset error of the output clock.

Abstract: One or more heating elements are provided to heat a MEMS component (such as a resonator) to a temperature higher than an ambient temperature range in which the MEMS component is intended to operate—in effect, heating the MEMS component and optionally related circuitry to a steady-state “oven” temperature above that which would occur naturally during component operation and thereby avoiding temperature-dependent performance variance/instability (frequency, voltage, propagation delay, etc.). In a number of embodiments, an IC package is implemented with distinct temperature-isolated and temperature-interfaced regions, the former bearing or housing the MEMS component and subject to heating (i.e., to oven temperature) by the one or more heating elements while the latter is provided with (e.g., disposed adjacent) one or more heat dissipation paths to discharge heat generated by transistor circuitry (i.e., expel heat from the integrated circuit package).

Abstract: In a general aspect, a vapor cell is presented that includes a dielectric body. The dielectric body has a surface that defines an opening to a cavity in the dielectric body. The vapor cell also includes a vapor or a source of the vapor in the cavity of the dielectric body. An optical window covers the opening of the cavity and has a surface bonded to the surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around the opening. The seal includes metal-oxygen bonds formed by reacting a first plurality of hydroxyl ligands on the surface of the dielectric body with a second plurality of hydroxyl ligands on the surface of the optical window.

Abstract: According to certain aspects of the disclosure, an uninterruptible power supply is provided comprising an input, a backup power supply, an output configured to provide output power from the input and/or the backup power supply, a sensor, a relay, and a controller coupled to the sensor and the relay and being configured to determine, based on stored relay specifications, a manufacturer total estimated relay lifetime, receive operational information indicative of operational parameters of operation of the relay from the sensor, the operational information including a current conducted by the relay, determine, based on the operational information, an effective number of relay cycles consumed by the operation of the relay, determine a modified number of remaining relay cycles based on a difference between the manufacturer total estimated lifetime and the effective number of relay cycles consumed, and output remaining relay lifetime information indicative of the modified number of remaining relay cycles.

Abstract: An offline mutual authentication method for battery swapping includes communicating a first authentication request to a battery by a computing device associated with a battery charger. A first authentication response is communicated to the computing device. The first authentication response is verified, and a first challenge request is communicated to the battery. A first challenge response is communicated to the computing device. The first challenge response is verified, and a battery authentication status is communicated to the battery. A second authentication request is communicated to the computing device. A second authentication response is communicated to the battery. The second authentication response is verified, and a second challenge request is communicated to the computing device. A second challenge response is communicated to the battery. The second challenge response is verified, and a charger authentication status is communicated by the battery to the computing device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a multi-functional multi-ratio OBC/LDC integrated circuit that is capable of bidirectional operation over a broad voltage rage with a high power density and without additional control in a battery charging system for an electric vehicle. As the turns ratio can be used selectively, the G2V and V2G functions can be performed bidirectionally over a broad voltage range without additional control, and the LDC function can be operated by using only a small number of switches, so that the efficiency of the charging control can be increased.

Abstract: A functional enhancement module is for vehicles and for enhancing a functional module which is supplied with electric power via a power supply bus. The functional enhancement module is configured to be supplied with the electric power via the power supply bus. The functional enhancement module includes: a controller having a power specification for a maximum power flow of the functional module and being configured to detect a current power flow at a reference point; and a power controller configured to control a power take-up of the functional enhancement module. The controller is configured to control the power controller in accordance with the detected power flow, such that a combined power take-up of the functional module and the functional enhancement module does not exceed the power specification.

Abstract: A system and method for operation of an uninterruptible power supply using redundant control systems to prevent UPS failure due to a control system failure are described. The system includes multiple control modules for each UPS of a data center operating in parallel, with a primary control board controlling operations and a secondary control board monitoring data values monitored as part of the operation by the primary control board. In the event of discrepancies between the data values at the primary and secondary control boards, the control boards may be swapped such that the secondary board becomes primary, and the faulty control board may be hot-swapped to prevent downtime of the UPS.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for generating multiple phases of a local clock at a controllable variable frequency, using loop-connected strings of active circuit elements. A specific embodiment incorporates a loop of four active circuit elements, each element providing true and complement outputs that are cross-coupled to maintain a fixed phase relationship, and feed-forward connections at each loop node to facilitate high frequency operation. A particular physical layout is described that maximizes operating frequency and minimizes clock pertubations caused by unbalanced or asymmetric signal paths and parasitic node capacitances.

Abstract: A method and device for load shedding in an electrical power system is provided. The electrical power system includes a device that electrically couples one or more load feeder lines to the electrical power system, where each load feeder lines provides power to consumers. The method includes: monitoring the electrical frequency of the electrical power system and monitoring a frequency stability parameter, which is dependent on a rate of change of the electrical frequency. A control signal is generated to disconnect at least one load feeder line by the device when the monitored frequency is at or below at least a predetermined disconnection frequency threshold and the monitored frequency stability parameter is at or has passed at least one predetermined frequency stability parameter threshold.

Abstract: A bandpass filter configured to receive a temporally modulated periodic input signal Vin(t), and to deliver an output signal Vout(t), and includes, in combination: a phase comparator configured to receive, on a first input, the temporally modulated periodic input signal Vin(t) as first signal, and to generate an output signal with a variable duty cycle; coupled to an injection-locked oscillator configured to receive as input, the output signal from the phase comparator, and to generate a signal Vr(t) that is phase-offset with respect to the output signal from the phase comparator; the phase-offset signal being applied to a second input of the phase comparator as second input signal; and the output signal from the phase comparator being the output signal Vout(t) from the bandpass filter and being representative of the phase difference between the two input signals Vin(t) and Vr(t).

Abstract: A frequency synthesizer is described that includes: a voltage controlled oscillator, VCO; a VCO bias circuit, operably coupled to the VCO and configured to provide a controllable bias current of the VCO; a temperature sensor, located in the frequency synthesizer, configured to determine an operating temperature of the frequency synthesizer; an analog-to-digital converter, ADC, operably coupled to the temperature sensor and configured to provide a digital representation of the determined operating temperature; and a bias control circuit operably coupled and configured to provide a bias control signal to the VCO bias circuit based on the determined operating temperature of the frequency synthesizer. The VCO bias circuit is configured to adjust the controllable bias current applied to the VCO based on the bias control signal.

Abstract: To make an excessive power receiving request by a sink when a USB Type-C legacy cable is used. An electronic device includes a first and second terminals connected to a cable, a detection circuit for detecting the voltage of the first and second terminals, and a first or second terminal detected by the detection circuit. It is provided with a controller that determines the type of cable based on the terminal voltage and confirms the power supply capacity of the external electronic device connected via the cable according to the type of cable.

Abstract: A high frequency push-push oscillator is disclosed. The high frequency push-push oscillator includes a resonant circuit, including tank transmission lines or an inductor capacitor (LC) tank circuit, for generating a differential signal having a resonant frequency, and a Gm-core circuit for converting the differential signal to an output signal having an output frequency that is higher than the resonant frequency. The Gm-core circuit includes cross-coupled first and second transistors having first and second gates, drains, and sources, respectively, and first and second gate transmission lines. The first and second drains are in electrical communication with the resonant circuit. The first gate transmission line is joined with the first gate and the resonant circuit and the second gate transmission line is joined with the second gate and the resonant circuit. The Gm-core circuit includes a differential transmission line positioned between the first and second gates of the first and second transistors.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and circuits are provided for facilitating negative resistance margin testing in an oscillator circuit. An example oscillator circuit includes amplifier circuitry configured to be coupled in parallel with a resonator and variable resistance circuitry configured to, in response to a resistance control signal, adjust a resistance of the oscillator circuit.

Abstract: A motor vehicle, including an electric machine as a drive machine, a high-voltage battery, a high-voltage network to which the electric machine and the high-voltage battery are connected, a low-voltage network having a lower voltage than the high-voltage network, and a DC-DC converter, which connects the low-voltage network and the high-voltage network and is designed for a maximum deliverable rated voltage. The DC-DC converter includes at least two independently usable converter circuits having different maximum power and a control unit. The control unit selects at least one converter circuit to be operated in dependence on a power requirement value of the low-voltage network.

Abstract: Accordingly the embodiments herein provide a method for fabricating a neuron oscillator (200a). The neuron oscillator (200a) includes a thermal insulating device connected with a resistor and a capacitor in series to produce self-sustained oscillations, where the resistor and the capacitor are arranged in parallel manner. The neuron oscillator (200a) eliminates a requirement of an additional compensation circuitry for a consistent performance over a time under heating issues. Additionally, an ON/OFF ratio of the neuron oscillator (200a) improves to a broader resistor range. Further, a presence of tunable synaptic memristor functionality of the neuron oscillator (200a) provides a reduced fabrication complexity to a large scale ONN. An input voltage required for the neuron oscillator (200a) is low (2-3 V) which makes it suitable to use with existing circuitries without using any additional converters.

Abstract: A self-oscillating spread spectrum frequency control loop contains a gated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) which receives a digital signal that can start or stop its oscillation. The VCO generates a spread spectrum carrier by receiving a triangle wave signal from a delaying ramp generator in a loop, its ramp direction controlled by a frequency comparator. The loop generates a spectrum spread as wide as possible above a minimum frequency. RF isolators that utilize low-pass filters in the transmitter and high-pass filters in the receiver, where the F-3 dB cutoff frequencies of both filters vary in a correlated manner, are used to not produce spread spectrum frequencies below the minimum frequency. Die from a given wafer lot, when designed such that the low- and high-pass cutoff frequencies track, can be used to form RF digital isolators whose minimum spread spectrum frequency does not go below the minimum frequency required by that wafer lot.

Abstract: An adapter comprises an input port being coupleable with a single-voltage output interface of a single-voltage battery pack or a multi-voltage output interface of a multi-voltage battery pack, an output port electrically connected to the input port and being coupleable with a single-voltage input interface of a first power tool or a multi-voltage input interface of a second power tool, a switching mechanism being switchable between a first state and a second state. When the switching mechanism is in the first state, the input port is coupled with the single-voltage output interface and the output port is coupled with the multi-voltage input interface of the second power tool, when the switching mechanism is in the second state, the input port is coupled with the multi-voltage output interface and the output port is coupled with the single-voltage input interface of the first power tool.