Abstract: The invention relates to novel absorbable polyesters, produced by ring-opening polymerisation of hydroxycarboxylic acids in the presence of a polyol containing an electrolyte, in an extruder. In particular, the invention relates to novel polylactide glycolide polyesters which are essentially free of dextran sulphate and which are produced by ring-opening polymerisation of lactide and glycolide in the presence of dextran sulphate in the extruder; to the production of the same and to their use in depot medicaments.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to manufacture high quality thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer generating no low boiling gas and inducing no discoloration resulted from thermal degradation at high yield. To manufacture a liquid-crystalline polymer having 50 mol % or larger ratio of constitutive unit introduced from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, the reaction is conducted under the presence of an acylating agent and of a catalyst quantity of aromatic sulfonic acid.

Abstract: There are disclosed polyester processes using a pipe reactor and corresponding apparatuses. In particular, there are disclosed processes and corresponding apparatuses including an esterification pipe reactor with a recirculating reaction zone (RR zone) and a plug reaction profile reaction zone (PRPR zone), especially when operated with a significant part of the overall conversion taking place in the plug reaction profile reaction zone (PRPR zone).

Abstract: Processes for isolating, formulating, and shaping macrocyclic oligesters were developed which allow efficient production of macrocyclic oligoesters substantially free from solvent, which may include additives, fillers, and catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diamine compound polymer and a method for producing the diamine compound polymer. The diamine compound polymer of the present invention has a condensed aromatic group represented by the following formulae (1-1) and (1-2). A represents a structure represented by the following formula (II-1). Y and Z represent divalent hydrocarbon groups. B and B? each independently represents a group represented by —O—(Y—O)m-H or —O—(Y—O)m-CO-Z-CO—OR?, wherein R? is a hydrogen atom, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group. m represents an integer from 1 to 5; and p represents an integer from 5 to 5000. Ar represents a monovalent aromatic group. X represents a divalent condensed aromatic group. T represents a divalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a divalent branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. k and n each represents an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: Provided are a functionalized, encapsulated fluorescent nanocrystal comprising a liposome having encapsulated therein one or more fluorescent nanocrystals; use of the functionalized, encapsulated fluorescent nanocrystals in detection systems; and a method of producing functionalized, encapsulated fluorescent nanocrystals. A method of using the functionalized encapsulated fluorescent nanocrystals having affinity molecule bound thereto comprises contacting the functionalized encapsulated fluorescent nanocrystals with a sample so that complexes are formed between the functionalized encapsulated fluorescent nanocrystals and substrate for which the affinity molecule has binding specificity, if the substrate is present; exposing the complexes in the detection system to an excitation light source, and detecting a fluorescence peak emitted from the complexes, if present.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing nanocapsules and microcapsules comprising a polyelectrolyte shell by surface precipitation from the solution, by applying a shell to template particles comprising the steps (a) providing a dispersion of template particles of suitable size in a salt-containing liquid phase which contains the components required to form the shell in a dissolved form and (b) precipitating the components from the liquid phase onto the template particles under conditions which enable the formation of a shell around the template particles that has a thickness of from 1 to 100 nm.

Abstract: A composition that can be used as catalyst in esterification, transesterification or polycondensation is disclosed, which comprises a stable solution comprising (a) titanium in the form of a titanium ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid or its salt, (b) a C1–C6 carboxylic acid, and (c) zinc in the form of a water-soluble zinc salt, and (d) water; and substantially free of an alkanolamine, an aminocarboxylic acid, or combinations two or more thereof. Also disclosed is an esterification, transesterification or polycondensation process, which comprises contacting, in the presence of the solution composition, an organic acid or its ester or its salt with an alcohol, optionally in the presence of a phosphorus compound, an organic or inorganic toning agent such as cobalt acetate, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Segmented water soluble polymers, containing a higher molecular weight segment linked to a lower molecular weight segment, are described. In one embodiment, the polymer segments are poly(ethylene glycol) segments. The segmented polymers are functionalized and are useful for conjugation to various moieties such as pharmacologically active substances. Also described are conjugates of such polymers and methods of their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel reactive protective colloid system suitable for stabilizing an electrophoretic display in which a halogenated solvent, particularly a fluorinated, more particularly a perfluorinated, solvent, or a mixture thereof, is used as the dielectric solvent.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing antibacterial polyester master batches and fibers containing nano-silver particles, the method includes the acts of: mixing a reducing agent, glycol and a silver precursor together to compose a first mixture; esterifying terephthalic acid and glycol to compose a second mixture containing block polymers; mixing the first and second mixtures to make the block polymers further polymerize to achieve a polyester liquid containing nano-silver particles; optionally, cooling the polyester liquid to solidify; and selectively, granulating the solidified polyester to obtain a polyester master batches or melting spinning the polyester to obtain polyester fibers. By reducing the silver ions during polymerizing reaction, the reduced silver particles are separated by polymerized polyester molecules so that the silver particles are evenly distributed inside the polyester master batches without coagulation.

Abstract: Provided is a method for accelerating the biodegradation of aliphatic-aromatic co-polyesters comprising greater than 60 mol percent aromatic acid, based on total diacid in the co-polyester. The method involves contacting at least one hydrolytic enzyme in aqueous solution to the co-polyester.

Abstract: Polyacetals comprising a recurring units represented by a formula selected from the group consisting of formula (I) and (II): wherein A comprises at least one acetal group; B is selected from the group consisting of —CH—, —CH(CH3)—, CH2CH—, —CH2C(CH3)—, —CH(CH3)CH—, and —CHCH(CH3)CH(CH3)—; Z is selected from the group consisting of C(O)OR1, C(O)SR1, C(O)NR1R2, and VU; V is a linker group; U is selected from the group consisting of poly(ethyleneimine), poly(propyleneimine), poly(lysine), PAMAM dendrimer, octaamine dendrimer, hexadecaamine dendrimer, enhancer, and targeting receptor; R1 and R2 are each individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1 to C10 alkyl, and C6 to C10 aryl; D is a linkage selected from the group consisting of carboxylic amide, carboxylic ester, urea, and urethane; and G is selected from the group consisting of C4 to C20 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, and —(OCH2CH2)n—, where n is in the range of 1 to about 250, are useful in nucleic acid delivery applications.

Abstract: A melt polymerization process for the preparation of poly(1,3-propylene-co-isosorbide) terephthalate (3GIT), new 3GITs and products made from the 3GITs. The process comprises (a) providing a mixture comprising terephthalic acid or its alkyl ester, 1,3-propanediol and isosorbide in a molar ratio of diols to terephthalic acid or its alkyl ester of from about 1.1:1 to about 1.6:1 and a molar ratio of 1,3-propanediol to isosorbide of from about 2:1 to about 10:1; (b) reacting the mixture in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of about 180 to about 245° C., with concurrent removal of a distillate comprising at least 80% of the water or alkanol volatile reaction product, wherein the distillate contains less than about 5 weight % 1,3-propanediol and less than 1 weight % isosorbide; and (c) continuing the reaction in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst at a pressure of about 0.25 to about 2 mm Hg and about 245 to about 260° C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a water-swellable material comprising water-swellable polymers that are coated with a coating agent that comprises a phase-separating elastomeric material, which allows swelling of the water-swellable polymers, without breakage of the coating. The invention also relates to a process of making specific coated water-swellable polymers using a phase-separating elastomeric material, and materials obtainable by such a process.

Abstract: A polyester resin produced by polycondensing a dicarboxylic acid component containing an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its ester-forming derivative as the main component and a diol component containing ethylene glycol as the main component in the presence of at least an antimony compound and a phosphorus compound, via an esterification reaction or an ester exchange reaction, which is characterized in that the amount of antimony eluted when immersed in hot water of 95° C. for 60 minutes in the form of particles having a number average particle weight of 24 mg, is not more than 1 ?g per 1 g of the polyester resin, as antimony atoms (Sb).

Abstract: To provide a polyester resin particularly useful in application to optical films, etc. A polyester resin which is an alicyclic polyester comprising dicarboxylic acid units and diol units, characterized by the following (1) to (4): (1) the dicarboxylic acid units are composed mainly of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid units, (2) the diol units are composed mainly of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol units, (3) the ratio of alkyl ester terminals to all terminals of the polyester is at most 5 mol %, and (4) the light transmittance of a molded plate of the resin having a thickness of 2 mm is at least 87%.

Abstract: A puncture and cut resistant surgical glove is provided for protection against injury from sharp surgical instruments and needles. The puncture and cut resistant surgical glove includes overlaid arrays of adjacent substantially spherical macrospheres. Each macrosphere has capture devices for capturing the point of a sharp instrument. An elastomer encapsulates the overlaid arrays of adjacent macrospheres. Each macrosphere is either porous or formed of smaller microspheres that are aggregated together to provide capture devices. A polymer is coated over the aggregated microspheres to give each macrosphere a smooth surface. The polymer and microspheres provide a capture function for capturing the points of sharp instruments. The puncture and cut resistant surgical glove can be fabricated using low cost manufacturing methods.

Abstract: A monomer to produce polybenzimidazole is dissolved in polyphosphoric acid. For example, polysulfated phenylene sulfonic acid (acidic group-possessing polymer) is further dissolved in this solution. In this procedure, the acidic group-possessing polymer and the monomer are adsorbed to one another in accordance with the acid-base interaction. When the monomer is polymerized, for example, by means of dehydration polymerization in this state, then polybenzimidazole is synthesized, and the polybenzimidazole and the acidic group-possessing polymer are compatibilized with each other to produce a compatibilized polymer. When the compatibilized polymer is deposited as a solid, and the solid is separated from polyphosphoric acid, then the compatibilized polymer is obtained. A proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte as a final product is manufactured by forming the compatibilized polymer to have a predetermined shape.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyoxymethylene copolymers, wherein 1,3,5-trioxane is polymerized with generally known comonomers in the presence of a strong protonic acid initiator and in the presence of a formaldehyde dialkyl acetal, and wherein the initiator is dissolved in the formaldehyde dialkyl acetal before admixing to the trioxane and the comonomers.