Abstract: The forward light scattering photometer for analyzing particles dispersed in a fluid includes a cylindrical housing enclosing a pair of axially spaced, spherical-surfaced, bi-convex lenses which provide axial focusing of the lamp image in an intermediate light scattering chamber through which the sample being analyzed is flowed. Such lenses provide axial focusing with no circumferential aberations and only radial aberations. Light traps having radial borders, such as semicircular blank off discs, are located on the upstream or lamp side of each lens to provide an image having sharp radial edges, thereby eliminating the need for high quality lenses adapted to correct for spherical aberations.The lenses are shielded from contamination by particles from the sample by a stream of purge air introduced into the housing at a location near each lens and tangentially with the housing bore so as to create a stable vortexing flow of the purge air in the vicinity of each lens.

Abstract: A method of removing the decay heat of radioactive fission products from a gas-cooled high temperature nuclear reactor in an emergency situation wherein a fault or a combination of faults results in the normal operational systems of the reactor not being able to remove the decay heat satisfactorily, comprises introducing water into the reactor core. Preferably the water is completely desalinated water which is introduced into the core from above. Absorber material may also be mixed with the water before it is introduced into the core to effect permanent shutdown of the reactor by absorbing free neutrons within the core.

Abstract: A diver's flashlight having a unitary case with a closed transparent end for light transmission, the other end being sealed by a threaded plug which also serves as a switch. A halogen bulb is mounted in a reflector immediately inside the transparent end and a rechargable battery is held normally out of contact with the bulb by a spring. Tightening the threaded plug overcomes the spring and completes the circuit when the plug is fully seated in sealed position. The plug, and a cap fitted over the transparent end, are of luminous material for night use.

Abstract: An improved valve arrangement for a two-train Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) of a nuclear reactor plant which ensures operational integrity of the system under single failure circumstances including loss of one of two electrical power sources.

Abstract: An electrical switch having conductive contact elements each pivoted about a stationary middle contact block is disclosed. The contact elements are each formed as a triangular spring open at one apex and having a bearing the side thereof opposite the open apex for engaging its respective middle contact block. The other two sides of each spring, depending on the switch position, rest under spring tension against one or the other of stationary contact blocks arranged on either side of its respective middle contact block. The ends of these two sides adjacent the open apex are formed with hooks which are positioned with a minimum of friction in recesses and oblong openings in a rotatable actuating element, under spring tension, in such a way that the contact element serves to produce a snap action as the actuating element is rotated.

Abstract: A frangible container is pivotally connected to the sweep wire of mine sweeping equipment so as to intercept the mine mooring wire passing therealong and be pivoted thereby so as to connect thereto during the pivot motion and to be severed as the mooring wire continues to pass along the sweep wire, thereby providing a force to sever the frangible container to allow release of its tethered marker for floating to the surface with the buoyant mine when the mooring wire is severed, following the marker releasing operation.

Abstract: A coded switching device having a plurality of actuator dial knobs will, n set to a predetermined combination, provide electrical continuity between terminals on the device. Setting the dial knobs to another predetermined combination will enable the combination to be changed. The device consists of a number of stations, each comprising an actuator, a switch, and a detent mechanism, equal to the number of digits desired in the combination. Each switch is wired such that only one position will provide continuity through that switch. The switch rotors are connected to the actuators in a manner which will allow their angular relationship, and hence, the particular combination which will close all switches, to be changed by withdrawing the dial knobs in a direction outward from the device. A grooved rod extending transverse to the actuators gangs all of the actuators together for this combination change movement.

Abstract: A laser beam rider guidance system having an improved launcher based laser transmitter subsystem for illuminating a laser beam receiver subsystem on board a moving carrier is disclosed.

Abstract: A laser beam rider guidance system having a launcher based electro-optical subsystem illuminating a light receiver subsystem on board a moving carrier is disclosed. A launcher based laser beam transmitter assembly transmits a synchronization beam, an x scan beam, and a y scan beam to the laser beam receiver subsystem along a line of sight established by a sighting means. The synchronization beam, x scan beam, and y scan beam when received by the receiver subsystem are used in a timing mechanism to measure the x and y scan times from the missile's position to the line of sight; each of these times are multiplied by the scan rate in a microprocessor to determine x and y coordinate direction correction signals necessary to position the carrier on the line of sight to target.

Abstract: A secure information broadcasting system including a central transmitting station for encoding data in binary form utilizing a keyword and transmitting a FM-SCA signal phase shift modulated by the encoded data. Each of a plurality of portable receiving terminals has an identification number stored therein. When a subscriber desires to display the broadcast information on his terminal, he enters a unique password which is combined with the identification number to generate the keyword. The keyword is utilized to decode the received binary data.

Abstract: A laser beamrider guidance system having an improved launcher based laser transmitter subsystem for illuminating a laser beam receiver subsystem on-board a moving carrier is disclosed. The improved launcher based laser transmitter subsystem includes a boresight compensation mechanism having L-shaped x and y scan diode lasers and a synchronization laser, a rotating scanning means for producing two rotations of the laser beam images for each rotation of the scanning means, a zoom lens in the optical path of the x and y scan rotating lasers for focusing the laser beams within the maximum target range, a first beamsplitter for reflecting a portion of the x and y scan laser beams to a telescopic sight mechanism adapted to determine when the x and y scan laser beams cross the line of sight to target and activate a signal for activating the synchronization laser beam.

Abstract: Sintered and unsintered articles of refractory metal carbide and cementing metal having thicknesses greater than those obtainable by tape casting a slurry of ingredients onto a substrate, and having a cross section of substantially uniform appearance, are described, as well as a laminating method for producing such articles, the method comprising; (1) pressing the top surface of one or more unsintered flexible tape cast sheets against a smooth rigid surface to achieve a top surface smoothness comparable to the bottom surface smoothness achieved by tape casting, and (2) forming a laminate of at least 3 unsintered flexible tape cast layers by bringing the respective smooth surfaces of the layers into mutual contact and pressing the layers together to achieve bonding.

Abstract: Apparatus for counting and classifying particles and including a laser for producing a laser beam, a flow nozzle for hydrodynamically focussing a stream of such particles and directing the focussed stream to intersect the laser beam, a focussing system causing the laser beam to have a diameter which, at the point of intersection with the particle stream, is no greater than the width of the particles, and a detector disposed to receive the laser radiation transmitted by the particles as they pass through the laser beam.

Abstract: An illustrative embodiment of the invention provides a control rod system locking device adapted to engage an elongated extension shaft, releasably coupled at one end to the control rod assembly and releasably coupled at its other end to the control rod drive, to prevent rotation of the shaft about its longitudinal axis with respect to the control rod assembly.

Abstract: A core reactor and method of operating same, according to which fuel elems, preferably of ball shape, are provided with an envelope of graphite and are passed in downward direction through reflector means of graphite which is simultaneously passed through by a heat transfer means and includes a ceiling reflector, a side reflector and a bottom reflector so that the fuel elements after once passing through the reactor core have reached the desired end burn-off conditions. Within or in the vicinity of that portion of the wall of the ceiling reflector and/or of the upper portion of the wall of the side reflector there are provided neutrons absorbing substances or additional substances reducing the speed of the neutrons.

Abstract: Method and device for transmitting binary signals by means of digital self-synchronizing scramblers, the information of the storage elements used being utilized, in combination with that of the input signal, for detecting the degenerative condition of a long series of identical bits.If the said condition is still existing after a number of consecutive clock periods, a change is made in it by inverting one bit of the input signal.The detection and the inversion also take place at the receiving end, thus ensuring an unerring working of the system.

Abstract: An improved snap action switch wherein a snap action blade (30), that moves a contact carrying leaf spring (40), includes a latch (31) that mates with a notch (41) in the leaf spring member to eliminate the "teasing" effect normally associated with opening and closing a snap action switch.

Abstract: A fuel rod for nuclear reactors normally comprises an internal fuel core surrounded by an external cladding, a radial spacing being advantageously arranged between said core and cladding in order to avoid hard interaction between said parts. According to the present invention said spacing is gauged by elastically squeezing the cladding at least until contact with the internal fuel core is obtained. During the squeezing process the change of elastic behavior of the squeezed cladding at the instance of said contact formation is detected by repeatedly or continuously sensing the applied squeezing force and resulting cladding deformation, the elastic deformation at said instance being measured as an expression of the spacing to be gauged.

Abstract: Liquid crystal cells operable between wide temperature ranges (below 0.degree. C up to 84.degree. C) are provided. These cells include mixtures of compounds from the series ##STR1## WITH A COMPOUND FROM THE SERIES ##STR2## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 7 and m is an integer from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A quadrangular combustion cavity V in the crown of a diesel engine piston is offset from the center thereof, and the position of the fuel injector nozzle is also offset relative to the center of the cavity to accomodate enlarged intake and exhaust valves. The rotational orientation of the nozzle and cavity are geometrically determined such that:A. the fuel distances J.sub.1, J.sub.2 and J.sub.3, J.sub.4 are equal,B. the angles between a line A connecting the geometric center C.sub.1 of the cavity and the center C.sub.2 of the nozzle, and fuel jet directions J.sub.1 and J.sub.2 are equal, as are the angles between line A and fuel jet directions J.sub.3 and J.sub.4, andC. the difference between the maximum jet distance J.sub.1 and the minimum jet distance J.sub.3 is minimizedThe distances from the four fuel impingement points Z.sub.1 - Z.sub.4 on the side walls of the cavity to the respective corners of the cavity are also equal.