Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for manufacturing large Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) arrays. MMIC elements are manufactured on a substrate to form a MMIC module and first conductive vias are created in the substrate at locations corresponding to contact points for the MMIC. The MMIC module is then secured to a multi-layered ceramic backplate structure for physical rigidity and electrical interconnection. The MMIC module uses a conductive material, such as chrome, to fill or coat the vias to provide electrical contact with MMIC contact pads. Each layer of the multi-layered backplate structure has an electrical interconnection circuit or network formed thereon, and conductive vias extending through the layer at locations corresponding to preselected vias in adjacent layers and electrical contacts for MMIC modules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a phase-shifting combiner for electromagnetic waves, the combiner comprising at least one phase-shifting cell constituted by a hybrid coupler (12), an inlet transmission line (10), an outlet transmission line (11), and a loop transmission line (13) connected between the first inlet and the first outlet of the coupler (12), the inlet transmission line (10) being connected to the second inlet of the coupler and the outlet transmission line (11) being connected to the second outlet of the coupler. It is applicable, in particular, to telecommunications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for measuring pressure in the annular space lying between casing and the production string of an oil well. The tool comprises two sliding elements, with the first element being temporarily locked in a section of the string constituting a circulating valve and with the second element carrying a pressure sensor which receives the pressure reigning in the annular space via a duct and orifices of the circulating valve after they have been brought into register.