Abstract: Provided is a novel manufacturing method whereby a carboxymethylated cellulose nanofiber dispersion having high tarnasparency can be obtained economically. In carboxymethylation of cellulose in the present invention, mercerization is performed in water as the main solvent, after which carboxymethylation is performed in a solvent mixture of water and an organic solvent, By defibrating the resultant carboxymethylated cellulose, a carboxymethylated cellulose nanofiber dispersion having high transparency can be obtained economically.

Abstract: 8-Hydroxy quinoline derivative compounds for enhancing telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression, and methods for using the same, are provided. These compounds and methods find use in a variety of applications in which increased expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase is desired.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are C-mannoside compounds, compositions thereof and their application as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of human disease. Methods of inhibition of FimH activity in a human subject are also provided for the treatment of diseases such as bacterial infection, Crohn's disease (CD) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

Abstract: The application describes compositions that include maltosyl-isomalto-oligosaccharides with a desirable mass average molecular weight distribution. In some cases, the compositions can contain at least 3% mannitol.

Abstract: Processes for converting lignocellulose to feedstock and downstream products are disclosed. The processes may include acid treatment of lignocellulose to produce a fermentation feedstock. In various instances, the processes include recovery or recycling of acid, such as recovery of hydrochloric acid from concentrated and/or dilute streams. Downstream products may include acrylic acid-based products such as diapers, paper and paper-based products, ethanol, biofuels such as biodiesel and fuel additives, and detergents.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to dietary supplements. For example, this disclosure relates to compositions that include, for example, one or more agents that decrease the concentration of cyclooxygenase-2, decrease the concentration of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1, and/or decrease calcitonin gene-related peptide concentration. In some embodiments, a composition as provided herein includes apigenin present in an amount of about 1% to about 5% w/w of the composition; and hesperidin present in an amount of about 90% to about 99% w/w of the composition. Such compositions are useful for decreasing joint pain and/or inflammation.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds having the structure of Formulas A-D and compositions thereof for use in the detection and quantification of viral neuraminidase. In particular, the compounds may be useful for the evaluation of viral strains and for vaccine evaluation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising (20S,24R)-6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1?2)-?-D-glucopyranoside-dammar-3-one-20,24-epoxy-6a,12b,25-triol, which is a novel ginsenoside, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof as an active ingredient. In addition, it relates to a method for preventing or improving menopausal symptoms, which comprises administering an effective amount of (20S,24R)-6-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl(1?2)-?-D-glucopyranoside-dammar-3-one-20,24-epoxy-6a,12b,25-triol, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a hydrate thereof or a solvate thereof to a subject in need thereof. The novel ginsenoside has a superior effect of preventing or improving menopausal symptoms with a low risk of breast cancer.

Abstract: A number of triterpene saponin variants with different modifications on their central glycosyl ester linkage are described. Also described are methods of making and method of using such triterpene saponin variants.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ingestible composition comprising a sphingan and its use as a prebiotic.

Abstract: Provided herein is chitosan dually derivatized with arginine and gluconic acid; and methods of making and using the same, e.g., for gene delivery in vivo.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a chitin oligomer, including subjecting chitin-containing biomass to partial hydrolysis while pulverizing the chitin-containing biomass with a pulverization apparatus in the co-presence of water and an acid catalyst selected from phosphoric acid, nitrous acid, and an organic acid (Method 1); a method of producing N-acetylglucosamine, including hydrolyzing a chitin oligomer obtained by the Method 1 by adding water thereto, followed by heating (Method 2); and a method of producing a 1-O-alkyl-N-acetylglucosamine, including alcoholyzing a chitin oligomer by adding an alcohol thereto (Method 3).

Abstract: A composite material is formed by combining an expandable polymer having a charge with another polymer having an opposite charge to produce. In particular, the composite material can be prepared by combining the polymers with a medium such as and water, and expanding the mixture using a treatment that expands the mixture to produce, for example, insoluble porous foam-like composites.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to novel synthetic compounds having binding affinity with galectin proteins.

Abstract: Disclosed is synthesis of an O-Antigen oligosaccharide compound of Helicobacter pylori serotype O2, belonging to the field of organic synthesis. The disclosure obtains O-antigen disaccharide to tetracosasaccharide of Helicobacter pylori serotype O2 by chemical synthesis. A chemical synthesis method which is quite conducive to production of a glucose-?-lglucosidic bond is developed in the disclosure by a protectant strategy, temperature effect, solvent effect, and additive effect. The method is applied in synthesis of an O-antigen oligosaccharide compound of Helicobacter pylori serotype O2 assembled with an amino linking arm. A saccharide conjugate can be prepared from the synthesized O-antigen oligosaccharide compound of Helicobacter pylori serotype O2 assembled with an amino linking arm together with a carrier protein for immunology researches, playing an important role in preventing and treating Helicobacter pylori.

Abstract: Provided are a hyaluronic acid composition having excellent viscoelasticity and being easily injectable, and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: A method and composition including an effective amount of one or more synthetic neutral HMOs are disclosed for modulating the microbiota in the gastro-intestinal tracts of non-infant humans who are carriers of the human fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) genetic mutation and for improving one or more gastrointestinal conditions.

Abstract: A method for treating metabolic disorders in non-infant includes administering to an obese non-infant human during a treatment period an effective amount of a mixture of two or more synthetic neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) selected from 2?-fucosyllactose (2?FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), difucosyllactose (DFL), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), and optionally one or more excipients. The method further includes increasing in the gastrointestinal microbiota of the non-infant human during the treatment period, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and reducing in the non-infant human during the treatment period, a precursor condition for a metabolic disorder associated with development of one or more of obesity-induced pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, the precursor condition selected from gut permeability, metabolic endotoxemia, low-grade metabolic inflammation, and body fat percentage.

Abstract: The present application discloses regioselectively substituted cellulose esters, films made from the regioselectively substituted cellulose esters and methods for making the same. The regioselectively substituted cellulose esters are synthesized using trifluoroacetic anhydride and cellulose with various acyl donors or acyl donor precursors.

Abstract: A compound that includes a dextran backbone having at least one C-type lectin targeting moieties attached thereto. Also disclosed are embodiments of the compound that include at least one therapeutic agent and/or at least one detection label attached to the dextran backbone. The compound may be effective for treatment of Corona Covid-19 (SARS-covid-2) virus, its variants and other related viral diseases, and disorders. Further disclosed are methods for diagnosing and treating diseases and/or disorders directly using the disclosed compounds.