Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds that bind to a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These compounds posses broad therapeutic use including the treatment of senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention deficit disorder, and the treatment of addictive disorders such as the use of tobacco in smoking or the use of other nicotine containing products. In addition, they have utility as cognitive enhancers, drug therapy for mental and neurological disorders related to a decrease in cholinergic function, for the treatment of obesity, Tourette's syndrome, or ulcerative colitis. Additionally, these compounds have utility as non-opioid analgesics for treatment of acute and chronic pain.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel aryl ketones of the formula (I) in which Z represents the groups and A1, A2, A3, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, X, Y, and m are as defined in the disclosure, to their use as pesticides, in particular herbicides, and to processes and intermediates for their preparation.

Abstract: The use of a compound of formula (I) wherein Y is a single bond, C?O, C?S or S(O)m where m is 0, 1 or 2; the ring is a 6-membered aromatic or is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring; Ra, R1, R2, R4 and R8 are specified organic groups; n and p are independently 0-4; or salts or N-oxides thereof or compositions containing them in controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs. Novel compounds are also provided.

Abstract: Silicon-based tocopherol derivatives are provided, as well as methods for making the same, in which the derivatives have a tocopherol molecule having a silicon-based group. The derivatives are useful in cosmetic compositions, have antioxidant properties, enhance solubility and compatibility in cosmetic formulations having silicon-based materials within the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising at least one latrunculin and the formulation does not contain a substantial amount of dimethyl sulfoxide. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising at least one latrunculin in an amount of 0.001-2% w/v, a non-ionic surfactant in an amount of 0.01-2% w/v, and a tonicity agent to maintain a tonicity between 200-400 mOsm/kG, at a pH between 4 to 8, wherein the latrunculin, the surfactant, and the tonicity agent are compatible in the formulation, and the formulation does not contain a substantial amount of dimethyl sulfoxide. The formulation is stable for at least six month at refrigerated temperature. The present invention further provides a method of reducing intraocular pressure, a method of treating glaucoma, a method of inhibiting wound healing after trabeculectomy, and a method of inhibiting angiogenesis.

Abstract: The invention provides small molecule drugs that are chemically modified by covalent attachment of a water-soluble oligomer obtained from a monodisperse or bimodal water-soluble oligomer composition. A conjugate of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits a reduced biological membrane crossing rate as compared to the biological membrane crossing rate of the small molecule drug not attached to the water-soluble oligomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to synergistic herbicidal compositions comprising an effective amount of an active compound combination comprising (a) one or more compounds of the formula (I) in which Q1, Q2, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the disclosure—and salts of the compounds of the formula (I)— and (b) at least one of the known herbicides listed in the description and, if appropriate, (c) a safener. The invention also relates to the use of these compositions for controlling unwanted vegetation and to a process for preparing the compositions according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for reducing the production of methane emanating from the digestion of animal by using one or more essential oil compounds selected from the group consisting of limonene, eugenol, a silicylate, quinoline, vanilla, thymol and a cresol, which are administered to the animal feed.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an apparatus and method for producing microparticles comprising pharmacologically active agents and biodegradable polymers. The apparatus includes a spinning disk containing a reservoir in the center thereof and a flat inclined surface. The apparatus optionally includes serrations and/or a flat surface beneath the periphery of the disk that is parallel to the rotational axis of the disk. The invention is also directed to a method for producing microparticles containing pharmacologically active agents, using the spinning disk apparatus. Formulations containing ophthalmically active agents are provided. Formulations exhibiting zero order release rates are also described.

Abstract: (R)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4?-[2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]ethyl]acetic acid anilide or its salt shows a potent bladder relaxation effect in “isolated rat bladder smooth muscle relaxation test”, dose-dependently lowers the contraction frequency of rhythmic bladder contractions in “rat rhythmic bladder contraction measurement test” and, moreover, prolongs the urination intervals in “urination functions measurement test on cyclophosphamide-induced overactive bladder model rat”. Owing to these effects, the above compound is useful as a remedy for ovaractive bladder.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cosmetic composition comprising at least one fluorescent dye and at least one aminosilicone; processes using this cosmetic composition and a kit comprising at least one composition comprising at least one fluorescent dye and at least one aminosilicone, which can be used to dye with a lightening effect human keratin materials for example, artificially dyed or pigmented hair, and dark skin.

Abstract: A method of reducing the appearance of skin conditions associated with loss of skin tightness, skin firmness, or dark circles under the eyes with topical compositions comprising compounds of any of the Formulae I or Ia as described herein, is disclosed.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel tetrahydrobenzo[d]azepin-2-one derivatives, processes for their preparation, their use for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, and their use for producing medicaments for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, preferably for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disorders, especially of dyslipidaemias, arteriosclerosis, restenosis and ischaemias.

Abstract: Benzamide derivatives of formula I are described and have therapeutic utility, particularly in the treatment of diabetes, obesity and related conditions and disorders:

Abstract: The invention provides a branched polyglycerol-modified silicone, silicon atoms of which are connected to at least one branched polyglycerol chain having one or more branched glycerol groups represented by the following formula (1) via a connecting group, a method for producing the same, and a cosmetic containing the same: wherein, two oxygen atoms each independently bind to a glycerol or glycidol group represented by formula (1) above or the following formula (2), (3), or (4)

Abstract: The present invention makes available methods and reagents for inhibiting aberrant growth states resulting from hedgehog gain-of-function, ptc loss-of-function or smoothened gain-of-function comprising contacting the cell with a hedgehog antagonist, such as a small molecule, in a sufficient amount to aberrant growth state, e.g., to agonize a normal ptc pathway or antagonize smoothened or hedgehog activity. Such methods and reagents may also inhibit the hedgehog pathway in normal cells, e.g., where normal levels of hedgehog signalling are unwanted.

Abstract: There are described compounds of formula (I) wherein X1 and X2 are each independently of the other fluorine, chlorine or bromine; A1 and A2 are, for example, a bond or a C1-C6alkylene bridge; A3 is a C1-C6alkylene bridge; R1 and R2 are, for example, halogen, OH, SH, CN, nitro, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkyl-carbonyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C2-C6haloalkenyl or C3-C6alkynyl; R,3 is, for example, H, halogen, OH, SH, CN, nitro, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C6haloalkyl; R4 and R5 are, for example, H, halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C6alkyl or C1-C3haloalkyl; m is 1 or 2; Y is, for example, O, S, SO or SO2; Q is, for example, O, S, SO or SO2; W is, for example, a bond, O, S, SO, S02, —C(?O)—O— or —O—C(?O)—; T is, for example, a bond, O, S, SO, SO2, —C(?O)—O— or —O—C(?O)—; and E is aryl unsubstituted or substituted from one to five times or heterocyclyl unsubstituted or, depending upon the possibilities of substitution on the ring, substituted from one to four times; and, where applicable, their possible E/Z isomers, E/Z isomeric mixt

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having Formula (I) and the compositions and methods relating to these compounds, for treating or preventing a viral infection mediated at least in part by a virus in the Flaviviridae family of viruses, wherein A, R2, m, R, V, W, T, Z, R1, Y, and p are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates methods of treating, reducing, inhibiting or preventing several diseases by the administration of flexible heteroarotinoids. Among the diseases or conditions which can benefit from treatment with flexible heteroarotinoids as described herein are, (1) cancers and other diseases that involve abnormal differentiation, (2) diabetes, (3) hemophilia, (4) liver disease, (5) diseases involving human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, (6) polycystic kidney disease, (7) lysosomal storage diseases, (8) high cholesterol, (9) obesity, (10) high triglycerides, (11) glycoprotein metabolism diseases, and (12) diseases involving abnormal angiogenesis.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds having Formula (I) and the compositions and methods thereof for treating or preventing a viral infection mediated at least in part by a virus in the Flaviviridae family of viruses, wherein A, R2, m, R, V, W, T, Z, R1, Y, and p are disclosed herein.