Abstract: An electrical preheater for a turbine inlet of a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine. An electric motor/generator is drivingly coupled to the turbocharger, and electrically connected to a storage device. The electrical preheater is powered by the storage device to heat a stream of exhaust gases entering the turbocharger turbine from the engine exhaust manifold. The preheater provides an additional control of the turbocharger performance.

Abstract: A system and method for determining EGR flow in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine include determining specific heat of the exhaust gas based on current engine operating conditions and determining EGR flow rate based on the determined specific heat and a signal provided by a sensor. In one embodiment, a species tracking model is used to determine the amount of various species within the exhaust gas which may include oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water, for example, to determine the current specific heat, which is compared to a reference specific heat for the sensor, the difference being used to adjust the sensor value and determine the EGR mass flow rate. The species tracking model uses a simplified combustion model to estimate the amount of each specie in the exhaust gas based on various engine operating parameters, such as fuel, air/fuel ratio, and turbo boost, for example.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing higher efficiency and good exhaust gas performance. To this end, a fresh-gas is compressed in a first cylinder chamber having a first piston during successive compression strokes and compressed in one of at least two combustion chambers, in which combustion of a mixture consisting of the compressed fresh gas and an at least partially evaporated fuel is started after the combustion chamber has been closed in relation to the first combustion chamber. Subsequently, the combustion chamber is opened relative to a second cylinder chamber and a second piston in the second cylinder chamber is impinged upon by the combustion gases expanding form the combustion chamber to perform a working cycle. After the working cycle has been completed, the exhaust gases are expelled from the second cylinder chamber.

Abstract: A method for controlling a supercharging device for an internal combustion engine includes controlling a variable (x) using different control characteristics in each of at least four sub-ranges defined by a gradient (dx/dt) of the variable to be controlled (x) and a difference (x) between the variable to be controlled (x) and a control variable (xs). An apparatus for controlling a supercharging device for an internal combustion engine includes a controller having a range of control that includes at least four sub-ranges devided in accordance with a gradient (dx/dt) of the variable to be controlled (x) and a difference (x) between the variable to be controlled (x) and a control variable (xs).

Abstract: A method and apparatus of operating a turbo-charged diesel locomotive engine to facilitate controlling pressure in an engine cylinder is provided. The method includes determining an allowable peak firing pressure for the turbo-charged diesel engine, determining an actual peak firing pressure, and comparing the allowable peak firing pressure to actual peak firing pressure to control the operation of the turbocharger for controlling peak firing pressure. The apparatus includes a diesel engine including an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, an electronic fuel controller, a turbo-charger, and a motor-generator coupled to the turbocharger and operable to at least one of increase turbocharger rotational speed, decrease turbocharger rotational speed, and maintain turbocharger rotational speed, and a controller including a first input corresponding intake manifold air pressure and a second input corresponding to fuel injection timing for the engine and including as an output a motor-generator configuration signal.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of improving the assembling performance of a double seal ring. According to the first embodiment of the invention, on the piston 31 side to which a seal ring is attached, there are provided a ring retaining portion 300 having an outside diameter L0 and for retaining a double seal ring 51, a first land portion 310 adjacent to the ring retaining portion 300 and having an outside diameter L1 (where L1>L0), and a second land portion 320 adjacent to an opposite side of the ring retaining portion 300 to the first land portion 310 and having an outside diameter L2 (where L2<L1). The outside diameter L2 of the second land portion 320 is set to be equal to or smaller than an inside diameter of the outer peripheral resin ring 55, and one side surface of the outer peripheral resin ring 55 on the side of the second land portion 320 is supported by a retainer ring 80 retained by the piston 31.

Abstract: A charge pump for a hydrostatic transmission, having a self-charge relief function, in which a first toothed wheel, a second toothed wheel, and a pump casing, housing therein the first and second toothed wheels, are molded of heat resistant resin material, thereby reducing the weight of the charge pump, stabilizing its charge relief function and reducing the wear of the lower surface of a center section. Check valves are housed in the pump casing so that operating oil sealed between a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor can always be maintained at a proper level, regardless of whether the charge pump is driven or not.

Abstract: In a swash plate compressor (1) comprising a shoe (8) disposed between, and being in sliding contact with, a piston (7) and a swash plate (6), at least one of a shoe receiving surface (73e) of the piston (7) and a piston-side sliding surface (8b) of the shoe (8) is provided with an oil path (73f, 73g) for allowing the flow of a lubricating oil therebetween.

Abstract: A master cylinder (12) for use in a brake system. The master cylinder (14) has a housing (22) with a bore (20) therein connected by a radial port (28) and an axial port with a reservoir (32) and to the brake system through first (34) and second (36) outlet ports. First (42) and second (44) pistons located in the bore (20) are separated by a first resilient means (46) to define a first chamber (50) while the second piston (44) is separated from the bottom (21) of the bore (20) by a second resilient means (48) to define a second chamber (52). The first and second resilient means (46,48) each include a first spring (90) which is caged between a first retainer (94) and a second retainer (96) by a linkage member (98) and a second spring (92). The linkage member (98) has a head (126) which engages the first retainer (94) and an end (128) which engages the second retainer (96) to hold the first spring (90) between the first (94) and second (96) retainers.

Abstract: A compressor having a cylinder bores and pistons are disclosed. Each piston moves in the associated cylinder to compress gas therein. Each piston slides on an inner peripheral wall of an associated cylinder to seal a compression chamber. Each piston includes an outer peripheral surface and cavities. The outer peripheral surface has a seal to seal the cylinder and a pressure receiving surface to receive reaction forces from the wall of the cylinder. A low friction layer is formed on the pressure receiving surface. The layer facilitates the sliding movement of the piston with respect to the cylinder.

Abstract: A flow control valve is disposed in a bleed-off line which is for returning to a tank a portion of an oil flow advancing toward a hydraulic motor from a hydraulic pump. Upon operation of a control valve in an accelerating direction, the flow control valve is operated in a closing direction with a certain time lag, while upon operation of the control valve in a decelerating direction, the flow control valve is operated in an opening direction without a time lag. By so doing, an accelerating operation can be done smoothly while maintaining a required torque.

Abstract: A fluid pressure-operated actuator comprises a cylinder body containing a piston slidable therein, the piston defining respective chambers at opposite sides thereof. A rod projects from one side of the piston and extends through an end wall of the cylinder and a plunger is slidable on the rod and also extends through the end wall. The arrangement is such that the application of fluid pressure simultaneously to the chambers results in movement of the piston lengthwise of the rod, the piston movement including a first part during which the plunger applies force to the rod in addition to that arising on the piston, and a second part during which the force from the plunger is absent.

Abstract: A hydraulic device comprises a variable displacement pump, a plurality of hydraulic actuators, a plurality of directional valves capable of controlling the delivery oil flowing into each of the actuators, a plurality of pressure compensation valves which compensate the pressures of respective directional valves, and a pump flow control valve capable of controlling the pump delivery. Each of the pressure compensation valves decreases its output flow to a particular actuator according to an increase in the loaded pressure of the particular actuator. With this arrangement, if the loaded pressure of the particular actuator suddenly changes, the loaded pressure attenuates to ensure stable operation of the hydraulic device. Further, the stable operation is fee of hunting for both low-load actuators and high-load actuators, regardless of an independent operation or a compound operation.

Abstract: A brake power booster for automotive vehicles has a control valve which is operable by a solenoid irrespective of the driver's wish. In order to adapt the force-travel characteristic curve of the solenoid to the consumer characteristic curve of the control valve exhibiting a drop in force, the present invention discloses an armature having two parts which are movable relative to each other and interact with stops that are axially offset in the housing of the solenoid in the actuating direction of the latter.

Abstract: A hydraulic power steering apparatus includes a pump for discharging pressurized operation fluid, a power cylinder for generating assisting force, a control valve connected to the pump via a fluid path for receiving the operation fluid from the pump and adapted to supply the operation fluid to the power cylinder in accordance with operation of a steering wheel, a rubber hose disposed in the fluid path. A check valve is disposed between the rubber hose and the control valve. Since reverse flow of the operation fluid due to input of kick-back force is prevented, tires to be steered are prevented from undesirably steered against the driver's intention. Further, a pressure relieving mechanism is provided to relieve part of the operation fluid when the check valve operates. Therefore, the oil pressure within the power cylinder and the control valve is prevented from increasing excessively, so that the oil pressure within the pump does not reach a preset relief pressure.

Abstract: A hydrostatic drive system has a demand-responsive pump and at least one hydraulic circuit or consumer connected to it. Each consumer can be actuated by a directional control valve which acts as a throttle in intermediate positions. For the distribution of the delivery flow independently of the load, a pressure-maintaining valve is located upstream of the directional control valve. The pressure-maintaining valve can be controlled by a differential signal formed from a load pressure signal and a delivery pressure signal. The load pressure signal to the pressure-maintaining valve of the consumer can be changed by the output signal of a pressure reducing valve. One control surface of the pressure-maintaining valve can be pressurized with the output-side pressure of the pressure reducing valve which is located in a load pressure line. The output pressure of the pressure reducing valve can be adjusted by a spring and a variable control pressure.

Abstract: Valves 4,5 are disposed in such a portion which is defined in an end portion of a piston 30 of an adjusting cylinder body 1 and which does not contact a load giving body 7, thereby preventing deformation by compression caused in incorporation positions of the valves 4,5 and leakage of a filling within the cylinder body 1.

Abstract: An infinitely variable hydrostatic transmission includes an input shaft connected to drive a hydraulic pump unit, a grounded hydraulic motor unit, and an output shaft. A swashplate assembly is connected to impart output torque to the output shaft resulting from the pumped exchanges of pressured hydraulic fluid between the hydraulic pump and motor units. A ratio controller is linked to independently, variably position input and output members of the swashplate assembly and thus vary nutating magnitudes of cylinder blocks of the hydraulic pump and motor units, pursuant to adjustably setting ratio conditions of the transmission.

Abstract: A compact syringe pump having a high quantitative accuracy and a high durability is provided. The syringe pump comprises a motor, a rotating cylinder, a moving element, a guide means for introducing the moving element in an axial direction of the rotating cylinder, a piston rod disposed on the moving element and a cylinder within which the piston rod moves, wherein the guide means comprises a guide pin extending through the moving element in the axial direction of the rotating cylinder and a pair of upper supporting member and lower supporting member for supporting both ends of the guide pin so that the guide pin becomes in parallel to the axial direction of the rotating cylinder, the upper supporting member rotatably supports the rotating cylinder at an upper end portion of the rotating cylinder and the lower supporting member rotatably supports the rotating cylinder at an upper surface portion of the bottom portion of the rotating cylinder, thereby preventing the rotating cylinder from swinging.

Abstract: An oil cylinder has a valve body, an oil pressure chamber, and an oil storage chamber. A shaft extends from the oil pressure chamber. The valve body has a piston chamber, an arc-shaped through hole, an enlarged hole receiving a rotating post, a first oil passage, a second oil passage, a third oil passage, a fourth oil passage, an oil hole, a first channel, and a second channel. A piston is disposed in the piston chamber. A trip lever passes through the arc-shaped through hole. The trip lever is connected to the rotating post. A big ball is placed in the third oil passage. A small ball is placed in the second oil passage. A compression spring is connected to the bolt and the big ball. A coiled spring is connected to the big ball and the small ball. A swivel rod is connected to the rotating post. A V-ring oil seal encloses the piston. An oil relief device is disposed on the valve body and inserted in the first channel.