Abstract: Provided is a method for monitoring a change of ion strength in a sample solution by a closed-loop device that provides continuous cycling of electrochemical pH modulation between pre-defined pH values. In particular, the change of ion strength may be induced by a chemical reaction and may ultimately alter the electrical control parameters of the closed-loop device. By measuring such electrical control parameters, the degree and progress of the underlying chemical reaction may be monitored.

Abstract: Devices for detecting an analyte in a sample suspected of containing the analyte, are provided. The devices include bio-functional, nanostructured, isoporous membranes (BNIM) integrated organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), herein BNIM-OECT, for the rapid and sensitive detection of the presence of an analyte of interest, in a sample, for example, a biological sample. The membrane (i.e., BNIM) is physically separated from the OECT channel therefore the electronic device can be used multiple times. The isoporous membrane is functionalized to include a binding partner for the analyte being detected. The BNIM-OECT can be used for disease detection, by functionalizing the BNIM-OECT with a binding partner to an analyte associated with the disease, applying a collected biological sample to the BNIM-OECT. A decrease in channel current as a result of analyte binding to its binding partner on the isoporous membrane indicates the presence of the analyte in the sample.

Abstract: Systems are provided for gel electrophoresis and electrotransfer that comprise one or more chambers that can removably and interchangeably receive either an electrophoresis cassette, or an electrotransfer cassette, and provide an electrical interface for both electrophoresis and electrotransfer of biomolecules. Electrophoresis devices including clamps and electrotransfer cassettes and related devices are provided. Methods for electrophoresis and electrotransfer using the systems and devices are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a system for detecting neurotransmitters. A non-limiting example of the system includes a porous electrode. A system can also include a pH sensor attached to the porous electrode, wherein the pH sensor includes a sensing electrode and a reference electrode. The system can also include electronic circuitry in communication with the pH sensor.

Abstract: A residual chlorine meter for measuring the concentration of residual chlorine in sample water includes an indicator electrode and a counter electrode to be immersed in the sample water and a controller that measures the concentration of residual chlorine in the sample water based on a diffusion current flowing between the indicator electrode and the counter electrode in a case in which a voltage is applied between the indicator electrode and the counter electrode. The controller detects a degree of deterioration of a replaceable component of the residual chlorine meter based on a motor current, flowing through a motor that rotates the indicator electrode in the sample water, and/or the diffusion current.

Abstract: A sensor element includes a base part including a plurality of oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte layers stacked; a measurement-object gas flow part for introduction and flow of a measurement-object gas through one end part in a longitudinal direction of the base part; a main pump cell including an inner main pump electrode disposed on an inner surface of the measurement-object gas flow part, and an outer pump electrode; a target-gas-decomposing pump cell including a target-gas-decomposing pump electrode disposed at a position farther from the one end part than the inner main pump electrode, and an outer pump electrode; a residual-oxygen-measuring pump cell including a residual-oxygen-measuring electrode disposed at a position farther from the one end part than the inner main pump electrode, and an outer pump electrode; and a reference electrode. The target-gas-decomposing pump electrode comprises a metal material that has catalytic activity of decomposing a target gas to be measured.

Abstract: A sensor may include a sensing element retained within a storage compartment filled with a storage medium, which may also be used as a calibration medium. The sensing element can include a sensing surface located away from the distal end of the sensing element, such that an inactive section of the sensing element can cooperate with a sealing member such as an O-ring to form part of the seal retaining the storage/calibration medium. The sensing element can be extended and retracted from the storage compartment to expose the sensing surface to a process medium, while preserving the storage medium within the storage compartment for post-measurement validation.

Abstract: A glucose sensor includes an insulating metal oxide layer and at least one pair of metallic electrodes arranged on the insulating metal oxide layer and separated by a gap containing the metal oxide layer. In operation, a probe including a voltage supply and current sensor can provide a voltage difference across the first and second metallic electrodes while a sample is present across the gap between the electrodes. A measured current between the first and second metallic electrodes when the voltage difference is provided can be correlated to a glucose level of the sample.

Abstract: Provided is a sensor including a substrate that includes a major surface, a sensor part that includes a gas flow path formed of a porous material, and at least one of a heater or a temperature sensor. The heater is capable of heating the sensor part, the temperature sensor is capable of measuring temperature of the sensor part, the sensor part and the at least one of the heater or the temperature sensor are stacked over the major surface, the at least one of the heater or the temperature sensor is an interconnect having forward tapered side surfaces, and the at least one of the heater or the temperature sensor includes a metal interconnect layer, and the forward tapered side surfaces of the interconnect overlap with the gas flow path in plan view of the major surface.

Abstract: A potentiometric oxygen sensor for measuring an oxygen concentration of a liquid metal, which includes a metal tube forming at least one sensor body part, an electrochemical subassembly, and an insert made of a transition metal from group 4 of the Periodic Table or its alloy. The electrochemical subassembly contains an electrolyte, intended to be in contact with the liquid metal, and a reference electrode contained in the electrolyte, the electrolyte being made of yttrium-doped or calcium-doped hafnia (HfO2), or of thoria (ThO2), which is optionally yttrium-doped or calcium-doped, or of yttrium-doped or calcium-doped zirconia (ZrO2). The reference electrode contains at least one metal and its oxide form at the operating temperature of the potentiometric oxygen sensor. The insert is arranged between the sensor body part and the electrolyte, and is attached to the sensor body part and brazed onto the electrolyte by a brazing joint.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a molecule is disclosed. A voltage source is selectively connected to or disconnected from a capacitor using a switch controlled by a reset signal. A charge is stored in a capacitor when the voltage source is connected to the capacitor. The capacitor is discharged through a nanopore in a membrane when the voltage source is disconnected from the capacitor. A duty cycle of the reset signal is determined such that the voltage source and the capacitor is connected for at least a one tenth portion of a reset signal period and disconnected for a remaining portion of the reset signal period, such that a voltage across the nanopore is maintained at a higher level during the portion of the reset signal period in which the connection is maintained than during the remaining portion of the reset signal period in which the connection is not maintained.

Abstract: Systems and methods use electric fields to separate bioanalytes from a substrate comprising a biological sample. Biological material, especially blood samples, are sometimes dried onto absorbent substrates. By applying an electric field across the substrate, or a portion thereof, bioanalytes from the sample are attracted to a conductor having a positive or negative charge, depending on the charges carried by the bioanalytes. The electric field can be created using two conductors in circuit with a power source, and the substrate may be positioned between the conductors.

Abstract: A sample setting section in which at least one sample to be subjected to electrophoresis analysis and at least one standard sample are set, and a controller. The controller includes a standard data storage memory that stores standard data obtained by performing electrophoresis analysis of a standard sample under a predetermined condition, and a chip determination part configured to perform electrophoresis analysis of the standard sample under the predetermined condition using each of the at least one microchip before electrophoresis analysis of the sample set in the sample setting section is performed to acquire analysis data on the standard sample by the detector, and to perform a chip determination as to whether a state of each of the at least one microchip is suitable for performing electrophoresis analysis by comparing the acquired analysis data with the standard data on the standard sample.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement apparatus includes: a tank containing electrolytic solution and a sample that generates or consumes measurement target substances in the electrolytic solution; a plurality of uniformly mixed working electrodes; and a counter electrode; the apparatus adapted to simultaneously apply a voltage between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; and the apparatus configured to measure a current that flows between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; wherein any two working electrode groups are mutually different in at least any of the determined voltage, presence/absence of a molecular modification of an electrode surface, and a species of the molecular modification; and whereby a distribution in measurement area of the currents that flow through the working electrodes is acquired.

Abstract: An electrochemical sensor is provided which may be formed using micromachining techniques commonly used in the manufacture of integrated circuits. This is achieved by forming microcapillaries in a silicon substrate and forming an opening in an insulating layer to allow environmental gases to reach through to the top side of the substrate. A porous electrode is printed on the top side of the insulating layer such that the electrode is formed in the opening in the insulating layer. The sensor also comprises at least one additional electrode. The electrolyte is then formed on top of the electrodes. A cap is formed over the electrodes and electrolyte. This arrangement may easily be produced using micromachining techniques.

Abstract: A gas sensor control device having a DA conversion circuit configured to supply a pump current having a magnitude corresponding to an inputted digital signal to the pump cell, a reference electric potential generating circuit configured to keep an electric potential of the first pump electrode at a reference electric potential, a diagnostic resistance connected to the pump cell parallel to the pump cell, and an output part configured to output a signal relating to voltage applied to the diagnostic resistance when inputting an arbitrary digital signal to the DA conversion circuit in a situation in which oxygen ion conductivity does not occur in the pump cell to an external device.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring the activity of electrogenic networks are described. One representative system includes an array of electrode coupled to an analyzer having a stimulator and a receiver. The electrode is placed in contact with an electrogenic cell. The electrodes can be shaped as nanowires, tubes, cavities and/or cones. The analyzer may be configured to operate in a voltage stimulation mode, in which the cells are stimulated via voltages and monitored via current, or in a current stimulation mode, in which the cells are stimulated via currents and monitored via voltages. The analyzers may be arranged as single-stage amplifiers, and may include a feedback loop shared between the stimulation signal path and the sensing signal path. The feedback loop may be arranged to provide overlapping stimulation and sensing of the electrogenic network's cells.

Abstract: Provided are embodiments of a wind energy system. The system includes a plurality of wind turbines connected to at least one cable network. The cable network is configured to transmit the electrical power fed-in by the connected wind turbines. The system also includes at least one control apparatus configured to control the power fed into the cable network by at least one of the wind turbine by providing at least one power set point. At least one temperature detecting device is configured to detect the temperature of the cable network. At least one condition detecting device is configured to detect the condition of the wind energy system, and the control apparatus includes at least one control device configured to determine the power set point based on the detected temperature and the detected condition.

Abstract: Disclosed are biosensor devices, systems, and methods for point-of-care applications.

Abstract: A gas sensor has a sensor element, first element pads, second element pads, first contact-point members, and second contact-point members. The sensor element has first and second surfaces that are positioned on opposite sides in a first direction. The first element pads are disposed on the first surface. The second element pads are disposed on the second surface in a quantity greater than that of the first element pads. The first and second contact-point members are connected to the first and second element pads, respectively. The width (Wt) of at least one of the second contact-point members is less than the widths (Wa-Wd) of the rest of the first and second contact-point members.