Abstract: This present disclosure is directed to a silver metal wire coated with silver sulfide reference electrode, the preparation via anodization of a silver metal wire in a sodium and/or potassium sulfide solution and use thereof, including test methods to measure corrosion in test articles such as metal pipes. The reference electrode exhibits good stability characteristics, including stability under high temperature conditions.

Abstract: A measuring device includes: a first electrode and a second electrode immersed in sample water stored in a measuring tank; a motor that rotates the first electrode; and a controller that operates, based on measurement results of current flowing through the sample water, in a measuring mode. In the measuring mode, the controller calculates a concentration of a measurement target in the sample water. The motor changes a rotational velocity of the motor.

Abstract: A measuring device includes: a first electrode immersed in sample water stored in a measuring tank; a second electrode immersed in the sample water; and a controller that: causes a power source to flow a current through the sample water between the first electrode and the second electrode; detects, based on a first digital signal, an interruption whereby an analog signal fluctuates by no less than a predetermined value; and calculates, based on a second digital signal, a concentration of a measurement target in the sample water. The first digital signal is acquired by sampling the analog signal with a first sampling period. The analog signal is based on the current flowing through the sample water. The second digital signal is acquired by sampling the analog signal with a second sampling period that is longer than the first sampling period.

Abstract: A sensor element (10) having a laminate structure, and extending in an axial direction AX, the sensor element including a first and second ceramic layers (118B, 115) disposed apart from each other in a laminating direction; a third ceramic layer (118) intervening between the first and second ceramic layers in the laminating direction and having a hollow space (10G) formed therein; and an internal space which is the hollow space surrounded by the first ceramic layer, the second ceramic layer, and the third ceramic layer, wherein, at a periphery (10f) of the internal space, a fourth ceramic layer (181) containing as a main component a ceramic material different from that contained as a main component in the first and third ceramic layers intervenes between the first ceramic layer and the third ceramic layer which are exposed to the internal space. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the gas sensor element.

Abstract: A biosensor system includes an array of biosensors with a plurality of electrodes situated proximate the biosensor. A controller is configured to selectively energize the plurality of electrodes to generate a DEP force to selectively position a test sample relative to the array of biosensors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital pH sensor for measuring the pH, comprising an electronics unit, sensor housing having a first half-cell and a second half-cell adapted to form a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode if the digital pH sensor is in contact with a measurement medium, wherein the electronics unit is adapted for converting the potential difference into a digital voltage value or a digital pH value, wherein the first electrolyte, the first electrode, the second electrolyte, and/or the second electrode are selected such that, at a pH value of 7 and a temperature of 25° C. in the measurement medium, the potential difference of the two electrodes is not equal to 0 mV, and wherein the electronics unit converts the potential difference into the digital measured pH value of 7 or a digital measured voltage value of 0 mV.

Abstract: Methods and systems for monitoring microbial activity and microbial communication in an environment are disclosed. Exemplary methods include measuring a high impedance voltage between a reference electrode and one or more measurement electrodes to monitor microbial activity. Microorganisms form a biofilm that attaches to at least one of the one or more inert measurement electrodes and that allows for measuring the microbial activity, characterizing the environment, and/or monitoring microbial communication in the environment.

Abstract: A gas sensor sensing a sensing target gas component contained in a measurement gas and identifying concentration of the sensing target gas component includes: a sensor element having an inlet for the measurement gas on one end portion, and including: an element base made of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte; a heater buried in the element base; and a porous leading-end protective layer covering a predetermined range of the element base on the one end portion; and a metallic member within which the sensor element is fixedly disposed, wherein a minimum distance between the sensor element and an inner surface of the metallic member is 0.20 mm or more and 0.95 mm or less, and a portion of the inner surface of the metallic member closest to the sensor element has an arithmetic average roughness of 5 ?m or less.

Abstract: A physical property evaluation method is the method for evaluating physical properties of a film-shaped measurement target object by means of an electrochemical method, the method including the step of causing an electrolytic solution to contact a front surface of the measurement target object. The speed of penetration of the electrolytic solution into the measurement target object is adjusted in such a manner that the levels of the front-side temperature and the back-side temperature of the measurement target object and a difference between the front-side temperature and the back-side temperature of the measurement target object are adjusted.

Abstract: A water testing and measuring system is disclosed including a water generator configured to generate water by extracting water vapor from ambient air. A compound generator is configured to apply a compound to the water generated by the water generator. A processor is in communication with the water generator and the compound generator. A measurement device is in communication with the water generator, the compound generator and the processor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a biological detection device, a biological chip, a microelectrode structure, and a manufacturing method of the microelectrode structure. The microelectrode structure can include a first insulating layer, a protrusion, and an electrode layer. The protrusion is disposed on the first insulating layer. The electrode layer conformally covers the first insulating layer and the protrusion. The present disclosure can improve the detection accuracy.

Abstract: A gas concentration measurement system includes a limiting current-type gas sensor, a voltage source connected to the limiting current-type gas sensor, a current detector connected to the limiting current-type gas sensor, and a gas concentration arithmetic unit connected to the current detector. The voltage source supplies first and second voltages to the limiting current-type gas sensor. The first and second voltages generate first and second limiting currents corresponding to first and second gases, respectively, in the limiting current-type gas sensor. The current detector acquires first and second limiting current values of the limiting current-type gas sensor when the first and second voltages are applied to the limiting current-type gas sensor, respectively.

Abstract: Provided herein is a biosensor for detecting a target analyte in a sample comprising a first and second photoelectrode each comprising conductive substrate and photoactive material, a first and second capture probe functionalized on the first and second photoelectrode, respectively, and optionally one or more reporter moieties comprising a detectable label, wherein the first and second capture probe each, independently, provides a distance between the detectable label and the photoactive material in the presence of the target analyte, wherein intensity of detection signal dictated by the distance is generated from the first and second photoelectrode by transfer of electrons between the detectable label and the photoactive material, wherein a higher, or higher increase than in absence of sample, in the intensity of the detection signal from the first as compared to the second photoelectrode in the presence of the sample, is indicative of the presence of the target analyte.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a limiting-current type gas sensor including a solid electrolyte, a first electrode disposed on the solid electrolyte, a second electrode disposed on the solid electrolyte, and a gas feed passage extending between a gas inlet and a first portion of the first electrode, the first portion facing the solid electrolyte. The first electrode is a first porous metal electrode. The gas feed passage is formed of a first porous transition metal oxide having a second melting point higher than a first melting point of the first electrode. The first porous transition metal oxide is Ta2O5, TiO2, or Cr2O3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display apparatus for a domestic appliance, at least one air treatment apparatus being integrated in the display apparatus, the at least one air treatment apparatus comprising a first radiation source device by means of which a fluid, in particular air, passing through a passage channel can be treated.

Abstract: The present application proposes a method for detecting an okadaic acid based on a near-infrared photoelectric composite material, which includes the following steps: synthesizing NaYF4: Yb, Tm up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and a semiconductor material flower-like tungsten oxide (WO3) by a simple high-temperature solvothermal method; coupling the UCNPs with an okadaic acid monoclonal antibody through a classic amidation reaction to construct a competitive near-infrared photoelectrochemical immunosorbent assay (cNIR-PECIA) for okadaic acid detection. In addition, the present application employs a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) as the working electrode, and thus only requires a small amount of electrolytes, which is low-cost and maintenance-free.

Abstract: An air purifier according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes: an air passage defined between a first inner wall surface and a second inner wall surface that are planar and face each other, having a flat passage cross section in which a distance between the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface is small, and meandering in a plane parallel to the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface; a catalyst member including a support having a flat mesh shape, and a photocatalyst supported on the support, the catalyst member being disposed parallel to the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface in the air passage; and a plurality of light sources dispersed on the second inner wall surface, and configured to irradiate the catalyst member with light that activates the photocatalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated biochemical sensor including a reference electrode, a plurality of working electrodes each having different artificial lipid membranes, and partition layers for electrically insulating the reference electrode and each of the working electrodes.

Abstract: A first cell includes a first electrode in a measurement gas chamber and a second electrode in a reference gas chamber. A second cell includes a third electrode in the measurement gas chamber and a fourth electrode in the reference gas chamber to cause a current therebetween that corresponds to a concentration of a specific gas component in detected gas in the measurement chamber. A controller selectively implements a normal control and a reduction control. The normal control is to apply a lower voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to remove oxygen from the detected gas. The reduction control is to apply a higher voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode to reduce the third electrode that is oxidized. The controller prohibits implementation of the reduction control on determination that implementation of the reduction control.

Abstract: A sensor (1) comprising: a sensor element (10); metal terminals; and a front side separator (90) and a rear side separator (95) to hold the metal terminals, the metal terminals each include a front side metal terminal (30) and a rear side metal terminal (40) respectively held by the front side separator and the rear side separator, a first connection portion (33) is provided on a rear side of the front side metal terminal, a second connection portion (43) is provided on a front side of the rear side metal terminal, and an axis P2 of one of the first and the second connection portion, in all of the plurality of metal terminals, is displaced toward a radially outer side of the sensor element relative to an axis P1 of a counterpart thereof, and the first connection portion and the second connection portion are in contact with each other.