Abstract: A bio sensor using a FET element and an extended gate, and an operating method thereof are disclosed. A biosensor using a field effect transistor (FET) device and an extended gate electrode according to the present invention is characterized by comprising: an extended gate electrode connected to the FET element; a sensing electrode made of the same material as the extended gate electrode and on which a receptor antibody selectively recognizing a target molecule is fixed; and a reference electrode that maintains a constant potential and is selectively connected to the sensing electrode.

Abstract: A controller of the gas sensor can perform diagnostic processing of diagnosing a situation of control to the gas sensor in a case that the gas sensor in an operation state is determined to satisfy a predetermined diagnostic condition and adjustment processing of adjusting a condition for controlling the gas sensor in accordance with a result of diagnosis. In the diagnostic processing, a main pump voltage and a diagnostic threshold as a value of a voltage not causing decomposition of NOx in the main pump cell are compared. In the adjustment processing, temperature adjustment processing to cause, in a case that the main pump voltage is diagnosed to be equal to the threshold or more, the main pump voltage to be less than the threshold, at least in a way that the heater part increases the element driving temperature in the operation state by a predetermined increase amount is performed.

Abstract: An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a hydrogen chamber configured to isolate hydrogen within the hydrogen chamber from gas outside the hydrogen chamber. A hydrogen evolving electrode is configured to generate pure hydrogen within the hydrogen chamber. A reference electrode is situated to be exposed to pure hydrogen within the hydrogen chamber. A detection electrode associated with the reference electrode is situated to be exposed to gas outside the hydrogen chamber. The detection electrode is configured to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in the gas outside the hydrogen chamber.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement apparatus includes: a tank containing electrolytic solution and a sample that generates or consumes measurement target substances in the electrolytic solution; a plurality of uniformly mixed working electrodes; and a counter electrode; the apparatus adapted to simultaneously apply a voltage between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; and the apparatus configured to measure a current that flows between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; wherein any two working electrode groups are mutually different in at least any of the determined voltage, presence/absence of a molecular modification of an electrode surface, and a species of the molecular modification; and whereby a distribution in measurement area of the currents that flow through the working electrodes is acquired.

Abstract: A gas sensor capable of detecting carbon dioxide and having high stability is provided. A carbon dioxide gas sensor comprising an insulating substrate 3 and a gas sensing layer 1 formed on one major surface of the insulating substrate 3 via electrodes 2, wherein the gas sensing layer 1 comprises: (a) one or more rare earth metal oxycarbonates represented by Ln2O2CO3, Ln being at least one rare earth metal element selected from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Pr, Yb and Lu, the rare earth metal oxycarbonate containing a hexagonal rare earth metal oxycarbonate as a main component; or (b) monoclinic samarium dioxycarbonate, a production method of the gas sensor, and a method of selectively producing crystal polymorphism of lanthanum dioxycarbonate represented by La2O2CO3 are provided.

Abstract: An electrophoresis cartridge can include an integrated electrophoresis assembly including an anode sub-assembly comprising an anode, a cathode sub-assembly comprising a cathode; and at least one electrophoresis capillary having a first end in fluid communication with the cathode sub-assembly and a second end in fluid communication with the anode sub-assembly. The cartridge can further include a reagent container comprising electrophoresis buffer; a fluid conduit in fluidic communication with the reagent container; a pump in fluidic communication with the fluid conduit, the pump configured to transfer the electrophoresis buffer through the fluid conduit from the reagent container to the passage of the cathode sub-assembly; and a sample inlet port and at least one sample line, wherein the sample line places the sample inlet port in fluidic communication with the first end of the electrophoresis capillary through a passage in the cathode sub-assembly.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a microwave reactor including a container for storing a bath fluid, a tube including an inlet at one end through which a target fluid is introduced, an outlet at another end through which the target fluid is discharged, wherein at least a portion of the tube is submerged in the bath fluid, and at least one radiator located outside the container and configured to irradiate microwaves into the container.

Abstract: A plenum assembly configured for electrophysiology assays, such as patch clamp techniques, includes one or more ground electrode assemblies. The ground electrode assemblies are individually removable from a plenum base of the plenum assembly in a non-destructive manner, and may be reinstalled in the plenum base in a manner that reestablishes electrical contact with ground circuitry without requiring soldering or other additional steps. A rejuvenating apparatus is provided for rejuvenating one or more ground electrode assemblies removed from the plenum base.

Abstract: A system for measuring a variable of a liquid and a method operation the system is disclosed. The system comprises: a sensor located on an end section of an elongated sensor support and embodied to measure the variable; a containment device that is open at the top; the containment device including: a bottom section given by a liquid impermeable retainment basin, a top section having a side wall surrounding an interior of the top section and apertures extending through the side wall of the top section; and fasteners embodied to at a measurement site mount the sensor support in a fixed sensor support position in relation to a fixed device position of the containment device such that the sensor is located inside the retainment basin.

Abstract: Provided is a coreflood apparatus that comprises a housing, an inlet, an outlet, and two chambers positioned within the housing that are configured to retain porous media. The apparatus includes a partition coupled to an inner surface of the housing between the two chambers and a sensor mounting location. Provided is a method of introducing a fluid into the coreflood apparatus and allowing fluid to pass through chambers in the apparatus having a sensor mounting location there between. Further provided is a coreflood system comprising a coreflood apparatus, a calcium ion sensor, and a data processing device. Provided is a method of introducing fluid into the coreflood system and allowing fluid to pass through chambers in the system having a calcium ion sensor there between. The method further comprises detecting calcium ions in the fluid and determining calcium ion concentration data.

Abstract: In a sensor element for a limiting-current type gas sensor measuring concentration of NOx in a measurement gas, an inner pump electrode located to face a first internal space communicating with a gas inlet through which the measurement gas is introduced from an external space under predetermined diffusion resistance is made of a cermet of a Pt—Au alloy and zirconia, and the inner pump electrode is located, from among surfaces defining the first internal space, at least on a surface farthest from a heater part in a thickness direction of the element, and is not located on a surface closest to the heater part in the thickness direction.

Abstract: Provided is a measurement method for measuring a size of a damaged portion in a coated metal material that includes a metal base and surface treatment film provided on the metal base, and reaching the metal base through the surface treatment film. The measurement method includes the steps of disposing a water-containing material to be in contact with the damaged portion and an electrode to be in contact with the water-containing material, and electrically connecting between the electrode and the metal base with an external circuit; applying, with the external circuit, a constant voltage between the electrode and the metal base, as a cathode and an anode, respectively, and measuring a current value flowing therebetween; and calculating a size of the damaged portion, based on the current value measured and a correlation between the current value and the size of the damaged portion, determined on an exploratory basis in advance.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the cation conductivity of a fluid sample includes a housing having an inlet disposed at a first end of the housing and an outlet disposed at a second end of the housing, the second end opposite the first end, wherein the inlet of the housing is configured to receive the fluid sample. The apparatus includes a first cellulose filter disposed in the housing adjacent to the inlet; a second cellulose filter disposed in the housing adjacent to the outlet; and a cation exchange resin filter disposed in the housing between the first cellulose filter and the second cellulose filter. The outlet of the housing is configured to be fluidically connected to a cation conductivity sensor configured to measure a cation conductivity of an effluent output from the outlet of the housing.

Abstract: A sensor may include a sensing element retained within a storage compartment filled with a storage medium, which may also be used as a calibration medium. The sensing element can be moved from a first position in which the sensing element is exposed to the storage compartment, and a second position in which the sensing element can be exposed to a process medium. An actuator mechanism may be configured to engage a portion of the sensor to move the sensing element between the first position and the second position. The actuator mechanism may be controlled by an external system, and may include a rotary actuator such as a servomotor or a stepper motor to move the sensing element between the first position and the second position.

Abstract: Described are various embodiments of a system and method for selectively identifying the presence of a designated chemical species within a chemical sample using a two-dimensional sensor, which, when exposed to illumination, provides a differentiable adsorption sensor response signal for chemical identification.

Abstract: Various apparatus, systems, and methods for measuring a solution characteristic of a sample comprising microorganisms are disclosed. In one embodiment, a sensor apparatus is disclosed comprising a sample container comprising a sample chamber configured to receive the sample and a reference sensor component comprising a reference conduit having a reference conduit cavity defined therein. The reference conduit cavity can be at least partially filled with a reference buffer gel, buffer solution, or wicking component. A segment of the reference conduit can extend into the sample chamber. A reference electrode material can be positioned at a proximal end of the wicking component or extend partially into the reference conduit cavity. The sensor apparatus can also comprise an active sensor component having an active electrode in fluid contact with the sample. The sample in the sample chamber can be aerated through an aeration port defined along a surface of the sample container.

Abstract: An illustrative example hydrogen concentration sensor includes a plurality of electrically conductive plates. A hydrogen evolving electrode assembly in a first location between two of the plates is configured to generate hydrogen. A detection electrode assembly in a second location between two of the plates is configured to provide an indication of a concentration of hydrogen in a fluid of interest. A plurality of isolating layers includes a first isolating layer at the first location between two of the plates and a second isolating layer at the second location between two of the plates. The first and second isolating layers each include a sealant that secures the two plates together and seals a perimeter around the electrode assembly at the corresponding location.

Abstract: An ion selective electrode (“ISE”) assembly may be installed within a sample path of a biological testing system to measure ion concentration within sample fluid flowing through the sample path. A transducer membrane is placed within a housing and positioned to contact the sample path. A threaded portion is advanced into a socket of the housing and forces the membrane against a sealing portion of the sample path to prevent retention of sample fluid within the housing after testing. Sealing may be accomplished without adhesives or sealants and instead relies upon mechanical pressure of the threaded portion.

Abstract: This present disclosure is directed to a silver metal wire coated with silver sulfide reference electrode, the preparation via anodization of a silver metal wire in a sodium and/or potassium sulfide solution and use thereof, including test methods to measure corrosion in test articles such as metal pipes. The reference electrode exhibits good stability characteristics, including stability under high temperature conditions.

Abstract: A measuring device includes: a first electrode and a second electrode immersed in sample water stored in a measuring tank; a motor that rotates the first electrode; and a controller that operates, based on measurement results of current flowing through the sample water, in a measuring mode. In the measuring mode, the controller calculates a concentration of a measurement target in the sample water. The motor changes a rotational velocity of the motor.