Abstract: A surgeon's command and control (SCC) system includes an independent personal computer based electronic control unit that unifies various pieces of equipment currently found in an endoscopic surgical suite into a surgeon centered system. The system utilizes programmed software which simplifies equipment management tasks that currently encumber the surgeon and operating room staff. It enhances safety, and increases the utility of the individual pieces of equipment. The SCC hardware centers around a personal computer communicating with a sterile control panel located at the surgeon's operating station. A frame store card serves as an electronic pallet to compose and superimpose graphic images onto a surgical image transmitted from an endoscopic camera for display on a heads-up display (HUD) monitor at the surgical operating station.

Abstract: A surgical technique for removing corneal tissue with scanned infrared radiation is disclosed which utilizes short mid-infrared laser pulses to provide a tissue removal mechanism based on photospallation. Photospallation is a photomechanical ablation mechanism which results from the absorption of incident radiation by the corneal tissue. Since photospallation is a mechanical ablation process, very little heat is generated in the unablated adjacent tissue. The disclosed surgical system includes a scanning beam delivery system which allows uniform irradiation of the treatment region and utilizes low energy outputs to achieve controlled tissue removal. A real-time servo-controlled dynamic eye tracker, based on a multiple-detector arrangement, is also disclosed which senses the motion of the eye and provides signals that are proportional to the errors in the lateral alignment of the eye relative to the axis of the laser beam.

Abstract: A two-pulse, lateral tissue illuminator in which a first pulse delivered by a first optical waveguide is used to irradiate a liquid-containing region to form a vapor bubble; a second pulse, delivered by a second optical waveguide, is then passed through the vapor bubble and used to incise a tissue of a patient. The illuminating device can be used to effectively deliver radiation to tissue positioned laterally relative to the axis of the delivery fibers, and allows a reduction in the attenuation of the radiation by the surrounding liquid.

Abstract: In a surgical catheter or probe, an array of multiple surgical laser beams are directed such that several laser beams intersect at a precise point on, or in, the body of a surgical patient. The power density of the laser energy of the intersecting beams at the point of intersection is sufficient to alter or ablate the patient's tissue, bone or fluid. The energy of the individual laser beams before or after the point of intersection is not sufficient to injure the body of the patient. The apparatus may be embodied as a catheter or probe for an endoscope, or can be used in a separate mechanism such that the laser beams enter the surgical patient at different locations but intersect at a point within the patient.

Abstract: A high fluence diode laser device is provided which achieves high fluence by carefully designing the mount for the diode bars so as to permit high power and long pulse operation with little temperature rise in the diode lasers; providing a microlens array in front of the diode array to improve brightness; and utilizing a non-imaging (i.e., without lenses) optical condenser between the microlens array and the target to efficiently transmit light energy from the diode array to a smaller target area.

Abstract: A surgical laser scanner having optics that scans a pulsed laser beam onto a target tissue is disclosed. The laser scanner has a lens and a scanning mirror or mirrors located upstream of the lens at a distance substantially equal to the focal length of the lens. The laser beam hits the scanning mirror and is reflected onto the lens in a pattern defined by sequential positions of the scanning mirror. The laser beam is projected onto the target tissue by the lens in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the lens. The projected pattern has a constant size regardless of the distance between the laser scanner and the target tissue.

Abstract: A laser balloon catheter device includes a housing containing a guidewire and an inelastic balloon. The balloon is surrounded by a clear silicone sleeve. A series of polyester electrically conductive flexible film strips are embedded inside the sleeve and adjacent the balloon. Each strip contains several vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers, each operating at 760-780 nanometer wavelengths and 1-10 milliwatts of power. During a balloon angioplasty procedure, the device is inserted into an affected artery across a region of stenosis. The balloon is inflated using inflation fluid provided from an external source. The inflated balloon expands the artery to eliminate the stenosis. Power is simultaneously applied to the lasers for a period of 5-10 minutes to encourage healing of the artery and reduce the occurrence of restenosis.

Abstract: A probe for suctioning of ocular tissue includes a hollow suction needle having a lateral opening in a needle region to be placed on the ocular tissue to be suctioned, a laser radiation source, a hollow mirror surface defining an ellipsoidal cavity within the needle region and forming a reflective device with a first focal point within the cavity and a second focal point outside of the cavity for location in the tissue to be suctioned, and a light guide disposed within and extending through the suction needle and interconnecting the laser radiation source and the ellipsoidal cavity. The laser radiation is directed by the light guide to the first focal point and reflected by the hollow mirror surface to the second focal point.

Abstract: A laser apparatus for medical treatment use in which a laser beam is irradiated on a portion of a human body to be treated comprises a laser beam generation unit for generating a laser beam of giant pulse, a laser beam guide member having one end through which the laser beam from the laser beam generation unit is guided, and a hand piece attached to another end of the laser beam guide member and irradiating the laser beam to the portion to be treated. A beam converging point is formed within a laser beam propagating path formed in at least one of the light guiding means and the hand piece and a stay of air is prevented from a predetermined region in the laser beam propagating path including at least the beam converging point at which the air stays. The predetermined region is positioned within the hand piece or the laser beam guide member. The air stay is prevented by means of producing a vacuum state, gas seal state or air flow state in the predetermined region.

Abstract: A novel microfocusing laser surgical probe for use in intraocular surgery combines a high power laser with a gradient index (GRIN) lens to provide sufficient energy density at a focal point inside the eye to achieve laser induced breakdown and destroy fibrovascular membranes resulting from diabetes and other diseases. The gradient index lens steeply focuses the light close to its end so that the energy density of the light widely diverges beyond the focal point to reduce the potential for damage to the underlying retina. The gradient index lens also focuses the light far enough from the end of the lens to prevent damage to the lens itself. In a first embodiment, an open transmission line couples a YAG laser to a gradient index lens so that the light is still collimated when it strikes the lens. This first probe may be articulated by the use of mirrors or other optical devices.

Abstract: The present invention is used for irradiating the entire of nevus on the skin with laser light uniformly and efficiently to remove it.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simultaneously effecting the removal of multiple hairs from a skin region by using light energy to destroy hair follicles in the region. Light energy is applied to the region through an applicator which converges the light energy to enhance destruction of desired portions of the follicles, is preferably pressed against the skin region to deform the upper layers of the skin reducing the distance from the skin surface to portions of hair follicles which are to be destroyed, including the bulge and papilla of the follicles, and which applicator is preferably cooled to minimize or eliminate thermal damage to the epidermis in the region being irradiated. Parameters for the irradiation, including pulse duration, are selected to effect complete damage of desired portions of the hair follicles in the region with minimal damage to surrounding tissue and to the patient's epidermis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for laser-assisted hair transplantation preferably utilizes a CW mode CO.sub.2 laser, which may already have been installed in a surgeon's office, and a flashscanner to scan the laser over the area of holes to be drilled, thereby minimizing thermal necrosis on the recipient walls or slits. Optionally, a computer controls the laser/flashscanner assembly to redirect the beam from hole to hole, so as to rapidly drill a plurality of uniformly spaced holes. Advantageously, the time duration of the laser procedure is not limited, but depends instead on the CW laser power level parameters and the focal length selected for the procedure, thereby affording the surgeon significant flexibility in choosing appropriate treatment parameters.

Abstract: A light delivery catheter having an elongate, flexible inner tube coaxially disposed within a lumen within a flexible outer tube, and axially movable with respect to the outer tube. An optical waveguide disposed within the inner tube conducts light from an external light source to a light diffuser element in optical communication with the distal end of the optical waveguide. A portion of the light conducted to the diffuser element is scattered radially into the surrounding volume. The outer diameter of the inner tube is less than the diameter of the outer tube lumen, the annular space therebetween forming a cylindrical lumen coextensive with the inner tube. One or more fiber optics disposed within the cylindrical lumen are attached to the outer surface of the inner tube and terminate distally in an isotropic tip.

Abstract: There is provided an excimer laser catheter which also has at the distal end thereof a tip-deflecting wire, such as a relatively small-size balloon catheter, one which is located alongside and to one side of the laser catheter and is adapted to be used by being activated to cause the laser to be located eccentrically with respect to the lumen of the blood vessel which it has entered and to be directed at adjacently located plaque which the laser would otherwise miss. With equipment of this kind, it is possible to perform in many instances a satisfactory angioplasty essentially with the laser alone, without incurring the delays and the risks and other drawbacks involved in using the conventional adjunctive balloon-catheter angioplasty following laser angioplasty. An ultrasonic transducer and a catheter tip is used to determine the location and morphology of atherosclerotic blockage.

Abstract: A cautery instrument having a first predetermined region for contact with flesh or tissue, the instrument being coated with flesh or tissue, the instrument being coated over at least a portion of the predetermined region by a coating consisting essentially of diamond of a thickness permitting transmission of radio-frequency electrical energy from the first predetermined region through the diamond coating to flesh or tissue by capacitive coupling.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a template or mask for use in aid of a photorefractory keratectomy procedure for recurvature of a cornea. The template or mask is of flexible sheet material that is so fenestrated or otherwise configured as to be self-adherent to the cornea in the region outside of and surrounding the central optically used area of tissue-ablating recurvature, the template being configured to provide ready centering on the visual axis. The self-adherence is relative, intended only to serve for correct centering, and for moisture-retention, regardless of the corneal curvature to which it is applied.

Abstract: In vivo irradiation of blood is performed via catheters which can also or alternately be used to introduce fluids into blood vessels. The catheters include narrow tubular portions which are at least partially inserted into blood vessels. The narrow tubular portions utilize optical material to carry light radiation into blood vessels for irradiation of blood therein. In some embodiments, the tubular portions of the catheters are made of optical material to directly carry light radiation. The tubular portions are then made to diffuse the light along at least a portion of their lengths or to carry light to diffusing and preferably radio-opaque tips from which the majority of the light is diffused.

Abstract: The laser surgical applicator according to the invention is used for contact vaporization of tissue and has a light guide with a quartz glass core at whose distal end a contact tip made of an optically transparent solid material is located. The contact tip has a quartz glass sheath in which at least the quartz glass core of the light guide runs coaxially at a distance from the inside wall and the distal end of the quartz glass core is molten with the distal end of the quartz glass sheath to form an optically transparent tip.

Abstract: A cone biopsy instrument having a cuff of electrical insulating material, a core positioned within the cuff and having an electrical conductor, a wire carrier of electrical insulating material and having a plurality of radially projecting arms, an electrically conducting wire connected between a wire carrier arm and the core, an implant sleeve freely rotating on the swaged portion of the core between the wire carrier and tip, and a cervical guide tip of electrical insulating material carried on the core.