Abstract: Method for one-time or continuous nondestructive determination of the penetration and leaching process of conductive phases in materials, wherein the conductivity of the material to be examined is measured in thin superposed layers in that, after applying voltage to pairs of oppositely disposed conductor paths associated with these layers, the current flow through separate layers of the material is measured and an increase of the current in increasingly deep layers indicates the advance of the front of the penetrating phase.

Abstract: An alarm apparatus for use with a numerically controlled twisted pair wire wrap wiring machine that indicates to the operator the position and the wire of a pair that is to be wired. The apparatus is connected to the indicator lights of the machine and to the wiring gun to sense the gun placement on the pin. The proper conditions are logically combined, should a condition be changed as by placing a signal wire on a grounded pin an alarm is sounded.

Abstract: A system for measuring a carrier power to noise power ratio of a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) signal corrupted by noise comprises a detector for detecting the signal, a circuit to sample the output signal from the detector, a circuit for holding the sampled detector output, and an A/D converter for converting the signal held as described above into a digital quantity. A signal processor effects the measurement of the carrier power to noise power ratio of a signal under test by finding at least one of the squared average value, the average value, and the dispersion on the basis of the output of the aforementioned A/D converter.

Abstract: A coaxial cable tester device includes a transmitter unit and a receiving unit. The transmitter unit includes first and second coaxial connectors, each having a center conductor and a ground conductor. There are means for isolating the ground conductors of the first and second connectors from each other. There is a power supply having first and second terminals, one connected to the center conductors and the other to the ground conductors of the first and second connectors. A short indicator circuit is connected across the terminals; the short indicator circuit includes a short switch and an indicator device in series. The receiver unit includes third and fourth coaxial connectors, each having a center conductor and a ground conductor. There are means for isolating the ground conductors of the third and fourth connectors.

Abstract: A device, method and system for testing in situ the wiring between a data terminal equipment and a ring or similar type local area network having a loop conduction path with a plurality of data terminal equipment (DTE) coupled to said loop conduction path. The DTE is provided with a mechanism for generating d.c. current. The d.c. currents flow from the DTE through a length of interconnecting conductors and self-shorting connectors towards the loop conduction path. Current measuring devices monitor the current at the interconnecting conductors for imbalance current flow and/or over current. The presence of either a current imbalance and/or over current indicates a malfunctioning (short circuit, broken wire, etc.) in the wiring.

Abstract: The Probe I is a diagnostic tool for use by electricians, technicians, as well as people with only elementary knowledge of electricity. Its value lies in its ability to screen test many simple as well as complicated components, by using visual as well as audio signlas, to compare the sound of a known good component to the one being tested. Many circuits can be repaired without any idea of what the circuits actually do, and many times without prints for the circuit.

Abstract: A sensor for monitoring loss of voltage on a monitored conductor includes first and second capacitors, each of which is charged by a rectifier circuit which derives operating power from the monitored conductor. Upon loss of voltage on the conductor, a discharge circuit discharges the first capacitor, while allowing the second capacitor to remain charged. When the voltage difference between the two capacitors exceeds a predetermined threshold level, an SCR discharge circuit discharges the second capacitor to provide an output signal.

Abstract: A method of detecting electrical faults that may occur in a vehicular air suspension system utilizing height sensors and air springs mounted between sprung and unsprung components of the vehicle. The method involves defining specific signals that are available from a properly functioning and an improperly functioning height sensor during both its energized and de-energized conditions and comparing the output signals with the defined signals to determine fault occurrences and communicating that event to the vehicle operator when the number of detected fault occurrences exceed a predetermined number.

Abstract: A plurality of transmitters operating at respective frequencies is connected to at least some electrodes of a capacitive security fence. Each electrode is provided with a transformer whose primary winding is connected between the transmitter and ground. The secondary of each transformer is connected to a plurality of bandpass filters having adjustable center frequencies which correspond to the transmitter frequencies. The voltage available at the outputs of the bandpass filters are fed to a measuring device and supplied to a microcomputer. The interelectrode capacitances and the self-capacitances of the electrodes of the system are identified from the measured voltages which are proportional to the capacitances.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of testing and verifying a performance for insulation to ground of a disconnecting switch when breaking a charging current. This disconnecting switch has a movable electrode and a fixed electrode which are arranged in a tank so as to face each other. One of these electrodes is connected to an electrostatic capacity load and the other is connected to a power supply. This test method comprises the steps of: applying a voltage from the power supply through the disconnecting switch to the load to cause the voltage to be trapped in the load; and applying a voltage of the polarity opposite to that of the trapped charged voltage from the power supply to the disconnecting switch to cause the discharge between those electrodes, thereby verifying the performance for insulation to ground.

Abstract: A digital tachometer in which first pulses are produced at a rate proportional to the speed of a device. Second pulses are produced at a constant rate which exceeds the maximum rate of the first pulses, and a binary counter provides a binary count of the second pulses produced between two consecutive first pulses. A look-up table memory provides several blocks of addressable storage locations containing digital representations of speed. The MSB of the binary count selects a specific block of the memory, and the address of the selected block is derived from the binary count.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for applying a fixed level D.C. voltage and a square wave signal sequentially to a voltage divider including a resistor of a known impedance and the device under test. The square wave ranges from a value which is substantially equal to the ground level to a level that is substantially twice the nominal value of the fixed D.C. level, thus the average value of the square wave signal is substantially equal to the nominal value of the fixed level D.C. voltage.With each of these signals applied on at a time to the voltage divider, the voltage across the device under test is applied to a voltage detector via a low pass filter. The output of the low pass filter for each applied voltage signal is the average of the voltage signal which appears across the device under test. The value of these average voltages are stored and then compared.

Abstract: A light load adjustment for an electric meter includes a frame attachable to a core of a voltage coil and a pole-shading element slideable with respect to the frame. The pole-shading element includes a windowed plate or a pair of tabs interposeable between the core of the voltage coil and the rotatable disk and effective to change the direction and magnitude of the torque applied to the rotatable disk of the electric meter at light load. A single adjusting screw for the light load adjustment is placed in one of its two alternative positions. In either of its two alternative positions, rotation of the head of the adjusting screw by a worker facing the head produces a displacement of the windowed plate or tabs which tends to change the disk speed in a sense which is consistent with the convention for the relationship between the direction of rotation of an adjustment and the change in disk speed.

Abstract: A simple, low cost device for testing for shorted turns in the winding of electromagnetic coils or transformers by making use of the inductive kick voltage that is developed when the current through a coil is quickly interrupted. It uses rectified, unfiltered AC for power and a high speed switch to control the current through the coil under test. It has provisions for measuring the voltage developed by the inductive kick.

Abstract: A testing unit for testing the lighting of truck tractors and trailers wherein the tester can be alternately connected to the truck or the tractor and when connected to the tractor a battery in the tester provides power to energize the various circuits in the trailer such as left turn signal, right turn signal, stop lights, tail and marker lights, auxiliary feed and ground. When the tester is connected to the trailer connector of the tractor, various accessories on the tractor are turned on such as the tail lights, turn signals, stop lights, etc. and the indicator lights on the tester will light and correspond to the accessories turned on in the tractor. The tester can also check itself by attaching the negative and positive leads to a 12 volt battery and attaching the male trailer connector of the tester harness to the female connector of the tester by flipping the toggle switches to the ON position. Indicator lights of the tester will light up corresponding to the toggle switches.

Abstract: The invention addresses a new process for determination of characteristic quantities, particularly the moisture content, of a pourable food moving along a product line, particularly grain and its processing products. In this process the good is passed through the electric field of a condenser assembly, a magnitude associable with the capacity of the condenser assembly is measured, and this magnitude is converted into the desired characteristic quantity. The invention further addresses an apparatus to carry out the new process, which includes a first assembly to pass the good through a condenser assembly, a second assembly for measurement of a magnitude associable with the condenser assembly, and a conversion mechanism for conversion of the measured magnitude into the desired characteristic value.

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a lamp envelope (1) which encloses a folded tubular discharge vessel (2), the discharge vessel being provided with an appendix (6) which is kept at a relatively low temperature by a heat shield (7) located within the lamp envelope. The heat shield shields the outer wall surface of the appendix from the outer wall of the discharge vessel. The cooler appendix serves to maintain the mercury vapor pressure at an optimum value during operation of the lamp.

Abstract: An apparatus for locating ground faults on direct current control systems includes a low frequency current generator having a variable output, a Hall-effect current probe for detecting the low frequency current produced by the generator, a filter and amplifier connected to the output of the Hall-effect current probe for identifying and amplifying the low frequency signal and a read-out element connected to the output of the amplifier to indicate the relative magnitude of the low frequency signal. A method for locating ground faults on direct current control system while the system is energized is described.

Abstract: A cell for the measurement of the dielectric properties of liquids, pastes or flowable solids (i.e. solids whose melting temperatures are low enough to allow them to be poured into the cell) comprises a bullet-shaped internal electrode having its cylindrical portion in register with a surrounding coaxial cylindrical external electrode which is extended at each end by electrically conductive annular guard members insulated from the external electrode by means of spacers of electrically insulating material.The internal electrode is mounted coaxially within the external electrode by means of a tapered male-female centering connector whose male and female elements are both connected to earth.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring the moisture content of an aqueous substance by using microwaves produced by a transmitting arrangement formed by a signal source and a transmit aerial connected thereto. A portion of the aqueous substance is disposed in the field of radiation of the transmit aerial, and a receive aerial for receiving the transmitted wave is immersed in the substance. An evaluation arrangement is connected to the receive aerial for measuring a phase change of the wave in the substance. The phase change represents the moisture content of the substance.