Abstract: A semiconductor layer structure comprises a first semiconductor layer, and a second semiconductor layer adjacent the first layer at a boundary. The first semiconductor layer has a uniform lattice constant in its layering direction. The second semiconductor layer has a distributed lattice constant varying in its layering direction. Each region of the second semiconductor layer is strained due to biaxial strain introduced by a difference in lattice constant between each region and the first semiconductor layer. The strain in the second semiconductor layer has a distribution such that no crystal defects occur in the second semiconductor layer when the second layer is thicker than a critical thickness defined by the maximum strain in the second layer. The strained semiconductor layer structure may be used as a light confinement layer in a semiconductor optical device.