Abstract: The invention provides a bath for immersion plating a substance with a tin-lead alloy, which includes tin(II) ions, lead(II) ions, organic sulfo groups and thiourea or a mixture of thiourea and a thiourea derivative for a complexing agent. The organic sulfo groups allow insoluble thiourea complexes to be stably dissolved in the solution of the bath; thereby there is no need to retain the bath at a high temperature. Compared with conventional baths for immersion plating, the bath of the invention attains stable plating and a longer life of itself. Addition of the thiourea derivative prevents whiskers from being deposited and allows uniform and sufficiently smooth plating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for cross-linking a proteinaceous material. The process comprises: i) soaking the material to be cross-linked in an aqueous solution of high osmolality; ii) incubating the material in an aqueous buffer including an amount of a photooxidative catalyst sufficient to catalyze photooxidation of the material; and iii) irradiating the material and the catalyst of step (i) with light that includes a range of wavelengths selectively absorbed by the catalyst. Irradiation is effected under conditions such that cross-linking of the material occurs. In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a cross-linked product produced by the above-described method.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a conductive polymer of an aromatic amine for the purpose of forming a dense and relatively thick film having a uniform, smooth surface as well as good adhesion strength and film strength. This process comprises dissolving or dispersing an aromatic amine compound in a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic sulfonic acid solution and conducting electrolytic oxidative polymerization, said aromatic sulfonic acid having a molecular weight up to 300 and a relatively large ionic radius and being dissolved in a concentration of 0.01 to 5 mol/1.

Abstract: The countermeasure process in the field of target evaluation and laser range finding consists in coating at least a portion of a missile with a doped material that absorbs at least a portion of the incident laser beam and reemits a diffuse radiation in a different waveband.The reemission wave length preferably corresponds to an absorption spectrum band of the atmosphere. A portion of the reemitted signal can be used to trigger an alarm.This invention also covers the materials for the implementation of the countermeasure process, they are made of a matrix that is doped with photoluminescent substances. Applications: varnish, paints, canopies, helmet vizors.

Abstract: A uniform, topographically planar layer of an electroactive polymer is electrodeposited onto a conductive substrate by first electrodepositing onto the conductive substrate a thin initiating layer of a different electroactive polymer prepared from monomer having a lower oxidation potential.

Abstract: A process for the electrochemical dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds is provided which comprises combining in an electrochemical cell(a) at least one halogenated organic compound or a material comprising one or more halogenated organic compounds;(b) at least one electrolyte-organic solvent in an amount effective to conduct electric current and which is a solvent for the halogenated organic compound;(c) at least one sufficiently soluble electroconductive salt in an amount of from about 0.0005 to about 0.02 M; and(d) at least one sufficiently soluble electron transfer compounds wherein the electron transfer compound to salt ratio is from 0.1:1 to 20.1 weight percent; and then applying a voltage to the resulting mixture effective to remove any amount of halogen from said halogenated organic compound.

Abstract: A process is described for enhancing superconductor characteristics by application of strong magnetic and/or electric fields to the constituent component materials from which ceramic superconductors are being formed and during the time that these superconductors are being synthesized. This process has particular applicability to the production of superconducting oxide ceramics such as the cuprates. The required magnetic fields are on the order of 1-10 tesla and the required electric fields are on the order of 0.1-1 MV/cm. The fields act as ordering mechanisms and induce grain orientation. The magnetic field aligns the magnetic moment of the grains. The electric field induces electric polarization in the grains and then aligns them. The superconducting structure formation occurs during the sintering, cooling and annealing phases of the fabrication process. Superconductivity is strongly affected by the oxygen stoichiometry in the lattice elemental cell. Applied electric fields cause elongation of the unit cell.

Abstract: A pole terminal is formed as an intermediate piece and has toward the bottom a clamping piece for fastening to a conventional battery pole and toward the top a pole body to which a conventional battery terminal can be fastened. In the pole terminal there are a Hall element and an evaluation electronics so that the current flow through the pole body can be measured.