Abstract: The invention is a low frequency ported loudspeaker system comprising a hollow rectangular enclosure, the enclosure having a woofer driver airtight mounted to an aperature of the enclosure, changes in air pressure of the invention's enclosure's interior air mass are reduced by the coaction of a liquid mass contained within an open-ended manometer type structure, inlet of open-ended manometer type structure being attached to the enclosure and is in pressure conveyance with the invention's interior air mass.

Abstract: A cassette supply apparatus wherein cassettes that hold documents are stacked in the vertical direction and stored in a cassette holding stacker. When a cassette is supplied to an image reading apparatus the lowermost cassette stored in the cassette holding stacker is coincident in height with a cassette supply port of the image reading apparatus and when the cassette is returned from the image reading apparatus a cassette discharge port is coincident in height with the uppermost cassette in order to return the cassette on the uppermost cassette stacked in the cassette holding stacker on the basis of the discriminated position.

Abstract: A mechanism for examining a body of text and identifying its language compares successive trigrams into which the body of text is parsed with a library of sets of trigrams. For a respective language-specific key set of trigrams, if the ratio of the number of trigrams in the text, for which a match in the key set has been found, to the total number of trigrams in the text is at least equal to a prescribed value, then the text is identified as being possibly written in the language associated with that respective key set. Each respective trigram key set is associated with a respectively different language and contains those trigrams that have been predetermined to occur at a frequency that is at least equal to a prescribed frequency of occurrence of trigrams for that respective language.

Abstract: The image diagnosis apparatus of the present invention is equipped with means for automatically determining a window level and a window width for image displaying in accordance with the value of reconstructed image data. With this window level/window width calculating means (13), the window level is obtained with respect to each reconstructed image on the basis of the virtual average value of its pixel data and the window width is also obtained which has a certain relationship with that window level. When displaying each reconstructed image, a display is made in accordance with each window level and each window width thus obtained. Instead of the obtained window level and window width, those set by a manual setting section (23) may be used by a changeover operation when necessary.

Abstract: A relief image scanner scans successive linear areas on an information-carrying medium such as a plastic card, illuminating each area from two different directions. The reflected light is converted to first gray-level data when the illumination is from one direction, and to second gray-level data when the illumination is from the other direction. The second gray-level data are subtracted from the first gray-level data; then the difference, and its additive inverse, are compared with a threshold to detect edges of relief patterns on the card, and pairs of edges are connected to create an accurate, distortion-free image of the relief. Additional facilities may be provided to extract edge skeletons before joining the edges, and to capture printed information by binarizing the gray-level data.

Abstract: In a highly efficient coding apparatus, for coding digital video data in a block format and allowing video data compression for transmission using a data transmitter having a predetermined transmission capacity; maximum and minimum values of the digital video data of plural picture elements in a block are detected, the digital video data having values between the maximum value and a first value which is a first predetermined level lower than the maximum value are averaged for generating a modified maximum value, the digital video data having values between the minimum value and a second predetermined level higher than the minimum value are averaged for generating a modified minimum value, the modified minimum value is subtracted from the digital video data for each of the picture elements to generate modified digital video data, modified dynamic range information is generated from the modified maximum and minimum values, an encoding bit number is determined for each block during a predetermined period from th

Abstract: Smoothing in a tangential direction of a contour and detail enhancement in its perpendicular direction are simultaneously achieved with spatial filters having prescribed weighing factor distribution. An area including a contour is first designated, and a direction of the contour is detected. A weighted mean value of an image signal is computed with weighing factors distributed in the spatial filter. The weighing factors have an effect of smoothing in the tangential direction of the contour and an effect of detail enhancement in the perpendicular direction.

Abstract: Images representing one and the same scene, but acquired under conditions such taht the subject has moved, are automatically reset by making an automatic selection of a homogenous population of landmarks and by computing the shift vectors associated with these landmarks. It is shown that, in order to select the landmarks, it is worthwhile to characterize the image by a certain number of characteristic mangitudes representing the solidity of these landmarks. The solidity of the landmarks is the ability of a landmark to be the site of an exact measurement of shift for a required precision.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detection of highlighted regions of a document. A document containing highlighted regions is scanned using a gray scale scanner. Morphology and threshold reduction techniques are used to separate highlighted and non-highlighted portions of the docment. Having separated the highlighted and non-highlighted portions, optical character recognition (OCR) techniques can then be used to extract text from the highlighted regions.

Abstract: Character images which are to be sent to a neural network trained to recognize a predetermined set of symbols are first processed by an optical character recognition pre-processor which normalizes the character images. The output of the neural network is processed by an optical character recognition post-processor. The post-processor corrects erroneous symbol identifications made by the neural network. The post-processor identifies special symbols and symbol cases not identifiable by the neural network following character normalization. For characters identified by the neural network with low scores, the post-processor attempts to find and separate adjacent characters which are kerned and characters which are touching. The touching characters are separated in one of nine successively initiated processes depending upon the geometric parameters of the image.

Abstract: The appearance of a product is determined to be acceptable or unacceptable by computing a discriminant function or image from a plurality of two-dimensional images of products of the kind to be inspected. A two-dimensional image of the product is then formed and processed using the discriminant image to produce an output value which can be compared to a predetermined value used in computing the discriminant image. If the output value deviates from the predetermined value by more than a predetermined amount, the product has been found to have an unacceptable appearance.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with an automatic recognition of image data representative of crack derived from measurements of the road surface using a computor (4). An image memory in which data on the road surface are stored is divided into a plurality of regions and the region constituting a part of the divided regions for which a determination has been made such that crack (LP) is existent is utilized as a start point for a pursuing operation. A series of processings of pursuit and extraction such as extracting line segments (SG) corresponding to the crack (LP) from the start point region, making a determination on the direction of pursuing to be next effected on the basis of the line direction (.theta.

Abstract: A facsimile apparatus comprises a modem, a communication controller, an image reader, an image recorder, and a system controller, wherein the system controller comprises a first medium discriminating part for discriminating the type of the transmission medium used, an error detection part for detecting a transmission error upon reception of the received image data on the basis of a predetermined error detection standard, an error detection reference part for setting the predetermined error detection standard in accordance with type of the transmission medium discriminated by the first medium discriminating means, error reporting means for controlling the communication controller such that an error signal indicative of a transmission error is transmitted to another facsimile apparatus, and a second medium discriminating part for controlling the communication control means such that the type of the first transmission medium is reported to said another facsimile apparatus.

Abstract: The system and method of this invention provides for fast and accurate detection and correction of errors in a document processing operation in which the total of the amounts for a series of transaction documents must be balanced to match the total amount shown on an associated depositor summary document. The errors may be depositor errors or system errors. An image of the depositor summary document, e.g. adding machine tape or customer deposit slip, is displayed on a screen. The display includes images of the amount of each transaction document (check) as listed by the depositor. A second display containing coded data amounts which are associated with the individual transaction documents is also displayed on the same screen, permitting an operator to compare the transaction amount images to the corresponding coded data amounts for the transaction documents. The operator identifies a discrepancy between the first display and the second display, and takes appropriate corrective action.

Abstract: There is disclosed a facsimile apparatus comprising an automatic communication mode for automatically communicating with facsimile apparatuses of plural preregistered subscribers one by one through a communication line. In the facsimile apparatus, a communication controller communicates through the communication line by either transmitting image data therethrough or receiving image data therethrough when either a transmission start signal or a reception signal is detected. When the communication means has communicated with a facsimile apparatus of at least one subscriber completely in the automatic communication mode, a main controller enables a timer to start to count an elapsed time, and interrupts the process of the automatic communication mode temporarily. Thereafter, the main controller enables the communication means for a normal communication other than the automatic communication until the timer has counted up to a predetermined elapsed time.

Abstract: A target is continuously observed and stereoscopic three-dimensional image information of the target is recorded. A transmitter unit irradiates a target with suitable radiation, an image recording unit records radiation images of the target, a rotating unit incrementally positions the target between the transmitting and image recording units, injecting means places a contrast material into the target, a memory stores a first set of reference images of the target for predetermined number of angular increments prior to injection of said contrast material and stores second set of contrast images for each angular increment of rotation of the target after injection of the contrast material, an arithmetic unit produces a set of drawn or subtractive images of the target from the stored reference and contrast image data, and an indicator unit displays two drawn images of the target that are separated by a certain angular difference so that the two images can be viewed in three dimension using a stereo-scope.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (11) is provided with a conductive pattern (P, R) and a through hole (H) thereon. Respective images of the conductive pattern and a through hole are photoelectrically read with an image reader (20). The conductive pattern image is magnified in size to obtain a magnified pattern image (PI.sub.m), while the hole image is magnified at different magnification factors to obtain magnified hole images (HI.sub.n, HI.sub.n-i). A ring image (RP) is defined by the difference of the magnified hole images. The overlapped region (WR) on which the ring image and the magnified pattern image overlap each other is then calculated, and a defect or an opening of the conductive pattern is detected by calculating the aperture angle (.theta.) of the overlapped image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for processing an electric signal constituting the analysis of a line of an image and issued by linear detectors such as a strip (20) of adjacent photodetectors (such as 7, 8) which realize a sampling at a constant pitch. According to the invention, k analyses of the same line are carried out with respective lateral shifts of 1/k of the pitch of the photodetectors, an oversampled signal is generated by multiplexing the k samples, and the oversampled signal is submitted to a filtering inverse to the filtering inherent to the spatial smoothing. Thus, the degradation of the signal due to the folding of the spectrum and to the filtering inherent to the integration of the "light" on the photosensible surface of the photodetectors is reduced.

Abstract: A knowledge and model based adaptive signal processor for ensuring optimum performance in automated object recognition (AOR) systems. The invention does not require ground-truth information but uses predictive performance models for parameter adaption and updates for the AOR. The performance models are representations of continuous surfaces that interpolate and extrapolate for data and scenarios not previously tested. The present invention increases probability of detection and decreases false detection alarm rates of AOR systems.

Abstract: A network mounting device in a coaxial type speaker including a woofer having a diaphragm, a center pole for forming a magnetic circuit of the woofer, and a tweeter mounted on a front end of the center pole. The network mounting device includes a frame for supporting an outer circumference of the diaphragm of the woofer, a plate for forming the magnetic circuit, a network for dividing a frequency and feeding divided frequencies to the woofer and the tweeter, and a substrate for mounting the network thereon, which substrate is sandwiched between the frame and the plate. The coaxial type speaker can be assembled easily, and the workability for wiring of the network can be improved.