Abstract: The invention relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance tomography method, by which in each sequence after a reading stage in which the nuclear magnetic resonance signals produced at the examination area are recorded, the magnetic gradient fields are switched on and off in such a manner that the time integral across all magnetic gradient fields is equal and different from zero for each sequence.

Abstract: An accelerometer comprising a frame having an input axis (y) and a cross axis (x) orthogonal to and co-planar with the input axis. The accelerometer has a flexible beam coupled to a proofmass. The beam is supported at a pivot location. A rotator coupled to the frame provides a restoring force having a first or second polarity to the beam. The restoring force is applied in a direction parallel to the input axis (y) to restore the proofmass to a reference position in response to an absence of acceleration along the input axis. A position signal sensor provides an error signal proportional to the displacement of the proofmass from the reference position. A servo responds to the error signal by applying a drive signal to the rotator which applies a restoring force to the flexible beam to restore the proofmass to its reference position.

Abstract: A method for measuring lattice defects in semiconductor such as a silicon crystal, detects an ultrasonic velocity of an ultrasonic pulse propagating through the semiconductor to which heat is variably applied. An elastic constant of the semiconductor is calculated from the ultrasonic velocity, and a concentration or density of lattice defects of the semiconductor is obtained by converting the elastic constant.

Abstract: This invention discloses a vortex shedding flowmeter comprising a vortex generator-detector constructed into an integrated assembly wherein the vortex shedding frequencies are detected by a pressure detector including at least one panel of extended surface area, which are pivotably or flexibly confined within a planar cavity included in the bluff body that generates a series of vortices shed from the two sides thereof in an alternating pattern at frequencies substantially proportional to the velocity of the fluid stream wherein the bluff body is immersed. The two opposite planar walls of the planar cavity confining a pressure detector panel respectively include a plurality of small holes open to each of the two sides of the bluff body.

Abstract: A tensile test controller has both load and stroke control circuits that are coupled together to permit tensile testing a specimen while controlling the load on the specimen, and when the specimen yields, for safely and smoothly switching to stroke control to complete the test and break the specimen. The controller has circuits which provide control over the velocity of the actuator as the specimen yields, and to prevent the specimen from being placed into compression, and also to sense the plastic specimen deformation a desired amount after it has yielded, but before the stroke control function is activated. Simplified supervisory gates are used to insure that the appropriate signal is controlling the test.

Abstract: A machine for testing ball joints, elastomer bushings or other parts has a pair of mutually rotated gimbals attached to the outer shell or element for applying rotational displacements about two axes and a linear input attached to the inner element to apply a force along another axis. Each axis input is effected by a linear actuator and the gimbal inputs are specially designed to assure accurate independent control without parasitic motion between the inputs. Force and displacement transducers monitor each axis to provide feedback signals to control circuits. A heat chamber including the gimbal assembly has hot air applied from an external source through a hollow gimbal hub to hold the test specimen at a desired temperature.

Abstract: A telephone instrument has a rectangular recess (3) along one side of the body which receives the handset. The handset has a recess which fits over a locating member (2) when on-hook. The hook switch contacts (6) are controlled by a pivoted member (4), which acts on the end of a plunger (7) to control the hook-switch contacts. The plunger (7) is spring-urged to its off-hook condition, i.e. when the handset is not in the recess.

Abstract: A sensor structure including a ceramic detecting element mounted in a metal sleeve through an insulator, the metal sleeve being fixed to a main metal tubular member through heat-sealing, and the metal sleeve is sealed. Due to the use of the metal sleeve, splitting and cracking are eliminated, always maintaining good airtightness and protecting the sensor from damage.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring rate of turn employing a vibrating tuning fork type sensor in which the tynes vibrate in a coaxial manner. This arrangement eliminates reaction torques and forces at the base of the tuning fork which allows the tynes to freely deflect into an elliptical pattern during an input turn rate. Sensors are employed which monitor the shape of this elliptical pattern, this shape being proportional to angular turn rate.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a dimension of an object by using ultrasonic waves includes: a pair of probes spaced apart one of the probes being to face a top surface of the object and the other of the probes being to face a bottom surface of the object; control for choosing what to be currently measured from three kinds of travelling periods of time which ultrasonic pulses take: to propagate between the probes; to travel between the top surface of the object and the probe facing the top surface; and to travel between the bottom surface of the object and the other probe facing the bottom surface and apparatus responsive to the transmission and reception signals for evaluating the three kinds of travelling periods of time and for calculating the dimension of the object from the evaluated travelling periods, whereby the probes can be out of touch with the surfaces of the object.

Abstract: A heat melting type gas extraction apparatus is employed to measure oxygen in a silicon sample. A double graphite crucible is first heated, in the absence of the sample or a flux metal, to extract oxygen therein. The flux metal is then added to the crucible and heated to extract oxygen therein. The sample is then added, melted, and heated to produce a sample gas for analysis.

Abstract: A speed of movement of a moving object, e.g., a tennis ball, which moves a predetermined distance is determined by measuring a time interval between a first detection of a vibration wave produced in the ball when it is hit by the tennis player's racket and a second detection of anouther vibration wave produced when the ball collides with the court surface. A vibration sensor for performing the first detection, and a microcomputer for computing the movement speed of the ball, and a liquid crystal display for displaying the movement speed are accommodated in a case which is mounted on the tennis racket. A sound collecting micrphone which performs the second detection is attached to the lower edge of the net near a ball landing position on the court, and the detection signal is transmitted over a radiowave to a receiver accommodated in the case.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and an apparatus for testing wheel-sets of ail vehicles under loading conditions resembling those occurring in service, in which radial and/or axial forces are introduced into the wheel via the contact point of the wheel and the rings which represent the rail simulating all operational loading conditions. In a particular embodiment of the method and the apparatus according to the invention, it is also possible to introduce additional axial forces into the wheel contact point of one or both vehicle wheels through the rim and the rings which represent the rail on which the wheel runs during the test in addition to the axial forces introduced through the axle. It is possible by this arrangement to test a whole wheel-set of a rail vehicle and so to determined its reliability possible critical areas under operational loading conditions.

Abstract: A sample extraction system is provided, comprising a block fitting including an inlet, an outlet, an interior passagway providing communication between the inlet and the outlet thereby allowing flow through the block fitting, a venturi section positioned in the interior passageway, a sample port, a sample passageway connecting the interior passageway and the sample port between the inlet and the venturi section, a re-entry port, and a re-entry passageway connecting the re-entry port and the venturi section; a loop entry line, connected on one end to a main flow line, and on the other end to the inlet of the block fitting; a loop exit line, connected on one end to the main flow line, and on the other end to the outlet of the block fitting; a sample container, having an inlet and an outlet; a sample inlet line, connected on one end to the sample port, and on the other end to the inlet of the sample container; at least one sample inlet valve, positioned in the sample inlet line; a sample exit line, connected on

Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus which is capable of identifying either spectra or images of an examination subject uses a body resonator, such as a whole-body antenna, for transmitting radio frequency signals at a wave length .lambda. to induce nuclear magnetic resonance phenomena in the examination subject, and a surface coil for receiving the resulting nuclear magnetic resonance signals. For decoupling the body resonator from the surface coil, a .lambda./4 line is connected to the surface coil. A terminating end of the .lambda./4 line is short-circuited during emission of radio frequency pulses by the body resonator, and is opened during reception of nuclear magnetic resonance signals using the surface coil. An effective detuning of the body resonator is thus achieved during the reception event, and at the same time the transmission event is minimally influenced.

Abstract: A calibration circuit in which low valued resistors are respectively connected in series with transducer outputs and switching means are provided for connecting resistors in the circuit so as to produce a voltage across the low valued resistor that corresponds to a given value of a phenomenon applied to the transducer.

Abstract: An apparatus for identifying nuclear magnetic spectra from spatially selectable regions of an examination subject supplies pulse signals to the examination subject in the following sequence. A first, non-selective 90.degree. RF pulse is supplied to the patient so that the magnetization of the examination subject is oriented out of the z-direction into an x-y plane perpendicular thereto. A first, selective 180.degree. RF pulse is then supplied simultaneously with a first magnetic gradient G.sub.z which effects a dephasing of the spins outside of a first, selected slice S.sub.1. A second, selective 180.degree. RF pulse is then supplied simultaneously with a second magnetic gradient G.sub.x disposed perpendicularly to the first magnetic gradient. The second magnetic gradient effects a dephasing of the spins outside of a second selected slice S.sub.2. A second, selective 90.degree. RF pulse is then supplied simultaneously with a third magnetic gradient G.sub.

Abstract: A geomechanical probe for a drilling well comprises a logging box located between two inflatable preventers and including a plurality of tracers movable radially and urged outwards by springs for engaging the well wall. The tracers are mounted on pistons which are received in cylinders and urged radially inwards by springs for retracting the tracers, the pistons being driven outwardly to displace the tracers into working positions abutting the well wall by supply of actuating fluid to the cylinders. The position of the tracers is determined by differential transformers having cores fixed for radial movement with respective tracers. The preventers are inflated with pressurized fluid which is supplied thereto along passages in the probe which also supply pressurized fluid to the well space between the preventers to act upon the well wall.

Abstract: An apparatus utilizing an activated charcoal collector and a forced air system to provide a sufficient quantity of air to saturate the collector within a significantly short period of time. Mechanically dried activated charcoal particles are exposed to ambient air in order to saturate the particles with radon gas. Radon gas particles adhere to the surfaces of the activated charcoal particles through the action of Van der Waals forces. The charcoal particles are subsequently analyzed in a photospectrometer to determine the rate of discharge of radon decay by-products (progeny) emanating from the charcoal. The apparatus of the present invention, through utilization of a forced air system, reduces the charcoal-saturation exposure time to a small fraction of the exposure time necessary for prior mesurement techniques.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method for testing leaks in the footwear articles are provided. Bootie and sock inserts for shoes made of waterproof materials in which the seams are seam-sealed have become popular among people who are involved in sports and other outdoor activities. Many of these products are sufficiently waterproof so that guarantees are made as to their waterproofness. A method for testing and apparatus for testing has been developed which can perform tests on multiple footwear articles simultaneously and produce immediate and reliable results within a matter of minutes. Footwear articles may include boootie inserts, socks, or shoes.