Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode arrangement for charge storage with an external trench electrode (202; 406), embodied along the wall of a trench provided in a substrate (401) and electrically insulated on both sides in the trench by a first and a second dielectric (104; 405, 409); an internal trench electrode (201; 410), serving as counter-electrode to the external trench electrode (201; 406) and insulated by the second dielectric (104; 409) and a substrate electrode (201; 403), which is insulated by the first dielectric (104; 405) outside the trench, which serves as counter-electrode to the external trench electrode (202; 406) and is connected to the internal trench electrode (201; 410) in the upper trench region.

Abstract: An integrated circuit fabrication process for creating field oxide regions in a substrate is disclosed. In the process, masking layers of oxide, nitride and deposited silicon dioxide are formed on the substrate. A pattern that defines the field oxide regions in the substrate is introduced into the substrate through these masking layers. The field oxide region is bordered by steep sidewalls in a portion of the substrate and the masking layers overlying the substrate. A thin layer of oxide is grown on the exposed portion of the substrate, and a conformal second layer of nitride followed by a conformal layer of a polycrystalline material are formed over the substrate/mask structure. The polycrystalline layer is selectively removed, so that the only portion of the polycrystalline material that remains on the structure is the portion covering the sidewalls.

Abstract: A box body construction of a digital image forming apparatus divided into an upper box body and a lower box body and having a vibration source at least in either one of the box bodies, in which vibrations occurring from the vibration source can be absorbed by vibration suppressing action of elastic members intervened and arranged between the upper box body and the lower box body. Therefore, respective box bodies are not affected by vibrations from the other box body.

Abstract: In an image forming method using an electrophotographic process, an amount of toner to be supplemented for maintaining a desired image density is estimated in response to input data which are a ratio of reflection densities produced by an optical sensor responsive to a pattern for control and an estimated toner consumption signal. Toner supplement control is executed on the basis of the result of estimation. The method sharply responds to a change in environment due to aging and a change in the kind of documents to thereby insure stable image density, compared to a conventional method relaying on an optical sensor or a toner sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image recording apparatus which directly controls a flow of charged toner particles by a toner particle control electrode and records an image on an image recording medium. The image recording apparatus has a toner particle supply portion for supplying toner particles charged with a first polarity and a toner particle control electrode for controlling the toner particles supplied by the toner particle supply portion according to an image to be recorded. An intermediate recording medium attracts toner particles controlled by the toner particle control portion and a toner image is formed on the intermediate medium. A transferring station transfers the toner image formed on the intermediate recording medium to an image recording medium. A thermal fixing station fixes the toner image which is transferred to the image recording medium by the transferring station, on the image recording medium.

Abstract: An image fixing apparatus includes a heater for producing heat upon electric power supply a film movable in sliding contact with the heater, wherein an unfixed toner image on a recording material is fixed by heat from the heater through the film; a temperature detecting element for detecting a temperature of the heater; wherein movement of the film is started when the temperature detected by the detecting element reaches a predetermined level.

Abstract: A technique for providing screen dialog related to communication between predetermined control boards of an image processing machine and in particular to the method of analyzing the communication between the control boards by providing a visual indication of the control boards on an interface display, initiating transmission between the control boards at the interface display, displaying data in a window on the interface display to validate communication between selected boards, and scrolling the data within the window to display data among other boards, the data including board identification and validation information.

Abstract: A process cartridge detachably mountable to an image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a developing device having a developer carrying member; a supporting device for supporting the image bearing member and the developer carrying member; a first device actable on the image bearing member; a second device actable on the developer carrying member; wherein the image bearing member and the developer carrying member are urged toward each other by the first and second devices.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a monocomponent developing device including a developing sleeve for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of a photoreceptor by supplying a toner to the electrostatic latent image. The developing sleeve contains a whisker with 0.1 .mu.m to 1 .mu.m outside diameter at least in a surface layer thereof.

Abstract: An electrical charging system for repeatedly electrically charging a photoconductor layer on an electrical conductor through charging that photoconductor layer, selectively discharging it, providing toner on the layer, and removing the charge image in the photoconductor for each of as many toners as desired for forming a final printed image, followed by using a removal radiation of a shorter wavelength on the photoconductor to avoid long term changes in the photoconductor. A further charging cycle may be used before the next printed image operation begins.