Abstract: A free fluoride ion sensitive electrode with longer service life can be obtained by eliminating the use of any cement or similar adhesive to hold the fluoride sensing crystal of the electrode in place within the rest of the structure of the electrode, using instead a pressure sealed combination of the fluoride sensing crystal and upper and lower elastomeric gaskets. This arrangement also permits replacing the crystal and sealing gaskets if needed, without replacing any of the other components of the electrode.

Abstract: A solid NaCl or KCl electrolyte electrochemical concentration cell assembly (20) for measuring monitored gases (38) containing oxygen or a chlorine containing component is divided into two identical alkali ion conductive half cells (22) and (24) where each half cell has solid electrolyte (23) and (25) that consists essentially of NaCl, KCl, or their mixture and is secured to opposite surfaces of the closed end of a solid membrane (36) exhibiting sodium or potassium ion conductivity. The membrane (36) effectively isolates the monitored gases (38) contacting one half cell from a reference gas environment (40) contacting the other half cell.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring the concentration of surfactants in a electrolyte containing metal ions includes applying a DC bias voltage and a modulated voltage to a counter electrode. The phase angle between the modulated voltage and the current response to the modulated voltage at a working electrode is correlated to the surfactant concentration.

Abstract: An apparatus for electrochemically measuring clinical emergency check items of blood for a short time by flowthrough system, using a small amount of whole blood as a blood sample, which comprises a blood pH/gas component sensor unit, an electrolyte component sensor unit, and/or a biochemical component sensor unit, arranged in series in this order, a sampler and these sensor units being communicated with one another through a blood sample flow passage or channel, each of the sensor units being provided with sensor electrodes and at least one reference electrode as electrochemical sensor means.Detected values from each of the sensor units are transmitted to a computer or calculator through a current amplifier and/or a differential amplifier for a differential voltage from the voltage of the reference electrode to compute pH, pressure, or concentrations from the detected values, and numerically displayed on a display device connected to the computer.