Abstract: Aspects of this disclosure relate to particles that can move in response to a magnetic field. A system can include a container, particles within the container, and a magnetic structure integrated with the container. The magnetic structure can magnetically interact with both an external magnetic field and the particles. Related methods are disclosed including magnetic field detection methods based on detection of particles within a container.

Abstract: A detector circuit for a measurement instrument is described. The detector circuit includes a first signal input, a second signal input, and an averaging sub-circuit. The first signal input is configured to receive a first complex-valued measurement signal associated with an input signal received from a device under test. The second signal input is configured to receive a second complex-valued measurement signal associated with the input signal received from the device under test. The averaging sub-circuit is configured to determine an average of the first complex-valued measurement signal and of a complex conjugate of the second complex-valued measurement signal over a predetermined number of samples, thereby obtaining a complex-valued average signal. The averaging sub-circuit is configured to generate an output signal based on the complex-valued average signal. Further, a signal processing circuit and a measurement instrument are described.

Abstract: A current sensor arrangement includes a first conductor structure extending in a first direction and configured to carry a first current along the first direction; a second conductor structure extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and configured to carry a second current along the second direction; and a magnetic field sensor arranged between the first conductor structure and the second conductor structure and configured to receive a first magnetic field produced by the first current and a second magnetic field produced by the second current. The first conductor structure and the second conductor structure overlap with the magnetic field sensor in a third direction that is perpendicular to the first and second directions. The magnetic field sensor includes a first sensor element sensitive to the first magnetic field and a second sensor element sensitive to the second magnetic field.

Abstract: A system and method of determining a gas volume fraction in a conductive liquid includes: immersing a first electrode in the conductive liquid, wherein the first electrode is electrically connected to a resistor and a voltage source; immersing a second electrode electrically connected to the voltage source in the conductive liquid; determining resistance information indicative of an electrical resistance of the conductive liquid between the first electrode and the second electrode; and determining a gas volume fraction in the conductive liquid based on the measurement.

Abstract: A plasma diagnosis system includes a first planar substrate on which at least a part of plasma to be diagnosed generated in a plasma generation device is deposited; a second planar substrate disposed below the first planar substrate; a sensor unit which is disposed in a cavity formed in the first planar substrate to measure a plasma parameter of the generated plasma and is enclosed by an insulator to be electrically insulated from the first planar substrate; and an electronic device which is located between the first planar substrate and the second planar substrate, is shielded from the first planar substrate and the second planar substrate by means of ground plates, respectively, and measures and processes in real time a characteristic value of the plasma using an electric signal generated from the sensor unit by the plasma parameter.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes a sensor chip mounted on a substrate such that an element formation surface thereof is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and a magnetism collecting member mounted on the substrate such that a surface thereof faces the element formation surface. The magnetism collecting member has a surface positioned on the side opposite to the surface, and both the surfaces are flattened. This reduces a gap between the element formation surface and the magnetism collecting member and reduces variations among products. In addition, since the surface is also flattened, the magnetism collecting member has no directionality with respect to the sensor chip when it is mounted on the substrate, so that working efficiency during assembly can be improved.

Abstract: A tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) multi-turn (MT) sensor can include sensing elements which can be provided with two or more electrical contacts for performing current-in-plane tunnelling measurements. The two or more electrical contacts may be provided above or below the TMR sensing elements. One or more read-out pillars formed from TMR sensing material may be provided, the read-out pillars being electrically connected to one or more TMR sensing elements. The read-out pillars can be configured such that the resistance observed in the read-out pillars is negligible or near-negligible relative to that observed in the TMR sensing elements, such that the measured output signal only reflects the change in resistance experience by the TMR sensing elements in the presence of an externally rotating magnetic field.

Abstract: Methods and systems for identifying PIM sources for an antenna under test (AUT) are provided, where the AUT is installed in a desired operating environment. The system comprises: a PIM analyser, connected to the AUT for applying first and second RF stimulus signals to an input port of the AUT; and a portable RF emitter, configured to apply a third RF stimulus signal to suspected external PIM sources. The PIM analyser is configured to measuring one or more characteristics of PIM signals received by the AUT generated by the first, second and third RF stimulus signals.

Abstract: A generation method for a magnetic configuration of a magnetic material includes: obtaining an initial magnetic configuration and an initial atomic configuration of the magnetic material; and randomly generating a variety of random configuration combinations; selecting one of the random configuration combinations as a target magnetic configuration and a target atomic configuration, to obtain a constraint constant and a wave function of the target magnetic configuration; determining energy, temperature and pressure, and storing them; returning to select a new random configuration combination, and repeating the above steps by using different magnetic materials; obtaining the magnetic material of a specified phase transition temperature. The present disclosure also provides and a simulation method for a magnetic configuration of a magnetic material, which can simulate the target magnetic configuration to form a magnetic configuration library and guide the synthesis of the target magnetic materials.

Abstract: Sensored mixer, comprising a mixing device for mixing two or more components to produce a mixed liquid at a mixer output, and a property sensor for determining a property of a liquid, the property sensor comprising a) a channel comprising a sensing zone through which the liquid flows; b) two electrodes for generating an electric field of one or more sensing frequencies in the sensing zone; c) a data storage device comprising a pre-stored set of calibration data representing calibration impedance responses measured previously at the one or more sensing frequencies and at different property values of the property of an identical liquid; and d) a device to repeatedly i) generate between the electrodes an electric field of in the sensing zone; ii) sense between the electrodes, a response impedance; iii) derive from the response impedance a property value of the property of the liquid, using the pre-stored set of calibration data representing calibration impedance responses, wherein the property sensor is in fluid

Abstract: A switch short-circuited diagnosis method includes steps of: determining an initial voltage interval of multiple voltage intervals according to voltage relationships between voltages of a first phase wire, a second phase wire, and a third phase wire; performing a switch short-circuited diagnosis of a first bidirectional switch module in the three consecutive voltage intervals from the initial voltage interval, and including steps of: turning on a first switch branch, a second switch branch, or a third switch branch of the first bidirectional switch module according to the voltage relationships between the voltages of the first, second and third phase wires, determining whether an overcurrent occurs to diagnose whether the first switch branch, the second switch branch, or the third switch branch of the first bidirectional switch module is in a short-circuited state, and performing the switch short-circuited diagnosis for the next voltage interval.

Abstract: A sensing system and a method for sensing position include a first magnetic track comprising a first number of multipoles for generating a magnetic field solidarily fixed to a second magnetic track for generating a magnetic field and a second sensor for sensing magnetic field, forming a magnetic structure. At least two sensors are included. The first sensor is positioned proximal to the first magnetic track, closer to the first magnetic track than to the second magnetic track. The second sensor is positioned proximal to the second magnetic track. The distance between the first sensor and the second magnetic track is larger than the distance between the second sensor and the second magnetic track. The magnetic flux density generated by the first and second magnetic tracks follow a ratio of two or more.

Abstract: A system and method of measuring a magnetic field from a source. A plurality of sensors each include a plurality of sensing elements. A first sensing element is configured to detect an intensity of the magnetic field and a second sensing element is configured to directly measure a gradient of the magnetic field. A positioned is determined, with respect to the source, where a magnitude of the magnetic field in a first direction is greatest. An orientation of the sensors is determined in a three-dimensional pattern by arranging the sensors to emphasize sensing the magnetic field in the first direction. The sensors are oriented and positioned according to the position and orientation determined. The magnetic field is measured, in the first direction, using the sensors.

Abstract: A system includes a first conductor portion and a second conductor portion separated from each other by the fault, the system including a field generator, having: a first connection connectable to the first conductor portion, a first signal generator configured to apply a first oscillating signal between the first connection and an earth, the first oscillating signal having a frequency of between 1 and 20 kHz, and a mobile detector for detecting an electric field produced by the application of the first oscillating signal to the first conductor portion, the detector including a capacitive sensor element, a signal processor to which the sensor element is connected and having an output, and a monitor receiving the output from the signal processor and providing a signal to an operator to indicate the position of the fault.

Abstract: A magnetic particle imaging (MPI) device based on an asymmetric bilateral structure includes a fixed section and a movable section. The fixed section includes a pair of magnetic field generation coils, and the magnetic field generation coils are configured to generate a uniform and variable magnetic field and drive a field-free point (FFP) to move along a Z-axis direction. The movable section includes a permanent magnet, excitation coils and a reception coil. The permanent magnet is configured to cooperate with the magnetic field generation coils to generate the FFP. The excitation coils are configured to move the FFP on a two-dimensional plane and excite magnetic particles to generate a nonlinear response signal. The reception coil is configured to receive an MPI signal. The MPI device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and can perform targeted local imaging or covered overall imaging on the target object.

Abstract: An operating device for an electronic household appliance has at least one touch switch each formed by a respective operator panel of a cover plate, and a touch sensor system for detecting contact with and/or proximity to the operator panel. A control device evaluates sensor signals generated by the touch sensor system. At least one additional sensor system which can detect shaking and/or deformation of the cover plate due to touch provides clearer verification of a contact made with an operator panel. The control device is also configured to evaluate sensor signals generated by the additional sensor system and to combine evaluations of the sensor signals of the touch sensor system and the additional sensor system to detect contact with the operator panel. An electronic household appliance and a method for operating an operating device are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is a ferrobody magnetic permeability mapping system including a ferrobody material, a first magnetic generator, a second magnetic generator in electrical communication with the first magnetic generator and configured to present an alternating magnetic field, a control circuit configured for alternating operation of the first and second magnetic generators; the magnetic permeability sensor being configured for measuring the magnetic permeability of the ferrobody material in response to the alternating magnetic field; the magnetic permeability sensor including a matrix comprising at least one row select circuitry and at least one column select circuitry wherein the magnetic permeability of the ferrobody material is obtained by the row select circuitry and the column select circuitry where magnetic permeability values of the ferrobody material is obtained at multiple locations within the alternating magnetic field.

Abstract: A signal vector derivation apparatus receives measurement results from a plurality of sensors that receive signals each represented by a vector having a predetermined direction and measure triaxial components orthogonal to each other and derives the direction of the vector. The measurement results from the sensors are each proportional to a sum of the triaxial components of the vector multiplied, respectively, by first coefficients. The signal vector derivation apparatus includes a spectrum deriving section and a direction deriving section. The spectrum deriving section derives a spectrum obtained based on the measurement results from the sensors and a sum of the first coefficients multiplied, respectively, by second coefficients, the spectrum having local maximum values within voxels in which signal sources that output the respective signals exist. The direction deriving section derives the direction of the vector based on the second coefficients used to obtain the spectrum.

Abstract: A device for estimating the sensitivity of a position sensor for a magnetic bearing supporting a rotor, the sensor being capable of measuring the position of the rotor in relation to the magnetic bearing, the magnetic bearing including at least one shaft provided with at least two radially opposite coils. The device includes a control, a current-measuring component, a component for measuring the initial position of the rotor, a component for determining a variation in currents, a component for determining a movement of the rotor, and a component for determining the sensitivity of the sensor, configured to determine the sensitivity of the position sensor based on a movement setpoint and on the value of a movement of the rotor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a dynamic error measurement apparatus, system, and method for an electricity meter. The measurement apparatus includes a test signal generation unit configured to generate a voltage test signal and two-circuit current test signals, output the voltage test signal to a measurement unit, and output the two-circuit current test signals to the measurement unit and a current summation unit; the measurement unit configured to determine two-circuit electric energy values based on the voltage test signal and the two-circuit current test signals, and output the two-circuit electric energy values to a calculation control unit; the current summation unit configured to determine a combined current signal based on the two-circuit current test signals; and the calculation control unit configured to determine a total electric energy value based on the two-circuit electric energy values. The system includes a standard meter and a measurement apparatus.