Abstract: A magnetohydrodynamic simulator that includes a plasma container. The magnetohydrodynamic simulator also includes an first ionizable gas substantially contained within the plasma container. In addition, the magnetohydrodynamic simulator also includes a first loop positioned adjacent to the plasma container, wherein the first loop includes a gap, a first electrical connection on a first side of the gap, a second electrical connection of a second side of the gap, and a first material having at least one of low magnetic susceptibility and high conductivity. The first loop can be made up from an assembly of one or a plethora or wire loop coils. In such cases, electrical connection is made through the ends of the coil wires. The magnetohydrodynamic simulator further includes an electrically conductive first coil wound about the plasma container and through the first loop.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a motor overload protection device that includes a driving gear, a loading wheel, and at least one protecting gear unit rotatably fixed to the loading wheel. The loading wheel defines a central through hole for rotatably receiving a rotor of a motor. The driving gear is fixed on the rotor. The at least one protecting gear unit is rotated by the rotor. A resistance between the at least one protecting gear unit and the loading wheel is predetermined. When the load on the loading wheel is less than or equal to the maximum load of the motor, the resistance keeps the loading wheel and the at least one protecting gear unit together rotating around the rotor of the motor. When the load is greater than the maximum load of the motor, the at least one protecting gear unit rotates relative to the loading wheel.