Abstract: A voltage regulation process, as well as a voltage regulation system, are discussed. A first voltage present at an input of the voltage regulation system is converted into a second, essentially constant voltage, which can be tapped at an output of the voltage regulation system. The voltage regulation system is provided with an additional device for assessing the efficiency of components connected to the second voltage. If it is determined that the efficiency of the components connected to the second voltage falls below a critical limit indicating the assessed efficiency, the second voltage can be increased.

Abstract: A pulse-controlled analog flip-flop includes a charge element; a charge storage element connected to the charge element; an element for detecting the voltage across the storage element; and an element for discharging the storage element when the detection element has detected that the voltage across the storage element has reached a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A tristateable sense amplifier, for driving a bus directly with minimal size devices, includes a control transistor coupled to a reference voltage terminal and having a control electrode receiving a first control signal. A first series circuit includes a first transistor of a first channel type and a second transistor of opposite channel type coupled between the control transistor and a supply voltage terminal. A control electrode of the second transistor receives a first input signal and the second transistor generates a first output signal. A second series circuit includes a third transistor of the first channel type and a found transistor of the opposite channel type coupled between the control transistor and the supply terminal. A second input signal is coupled to the control electrode of the fourth transistor.

Abstract: A supply-voltage detector having a low minimum operational voltage while having a large variation is combined with a supply-voltage detector having a high detection precision while having a high minimum operational voltage, so that the supply voltage is detected at a high accuracy without malfunctioning even on a low voltage. A system, such as a microcomputer, could then be reset when the detected supply voltage falls below a certain value. This combined circuit will improve the accuracy of detecting this supply voltage.