Abstract: A method of supplying a liquid dispersive medium of fine particles onto the surface of a substrate having a flat surface, forming a liquid thin film and controlling the liquid thickness of the liquid dispersive medium through evaporation, for example, thereby assembling the particles in a two-dimensional manner. By controlling the liquid thickness of the liquid dispersive medium of the particles, it is possible to cause rapid two-dimensional assembly of the particles, and in addition, to control the order of particle size in the assembly. Fixing of the assembly permits the formation of a film structure.

Abstract: Films are coated on substrates, useful for applications such as packaging, having a substantially continuous inorganic matrix in which organosilicon moieties are discontinuously dispersed. The inorganic matrix is formed by evaporating an inorganic source within a evacuated chamber while at the same time flowing vaporized organosilicon into the chamber adjacent to an electrically isolated substrate.

Abstract: An asphalt-based roofing product includes an asphalt-based substrate such as asphalt-saturated fiberglass or cellulose felt, a non-asphalt, thermoplastic, water-resistant adhesive on the surface of the asphalt-based substrate, and a plurality of roofing granules embedded in the asphalt such that the adhesive provides an interface between the asphalt and roofing granules. The adhesive is present in an amount sufficient to improve the adhesion of the roofing granules to the asphalt.

Abstract: A film is formed on a substrate by supplying a plurality of processing gases into a processing container and forming the film on the substrate from the processing gases while exhausting a portion of the gases out of the processing container. Before a partial pressure of a byproduct in the processing container produced through chemical reaction of the processing gases reaches an equilibrium state, the partial pressure of the byproduct in the processing container is temporarily reduced by temporarily suppressing or stopping the supply of at least one of the processing gases into the processing container and exhausting gas from the processing container.

Abstract: A method for applying a cold end lubricating coating to glassware articles on which a hot end metal oxide coating may have been applied includes conveying the glassware articles through a heated vapor deposition chamber provided by thermally isolating a conveyer portion. Lubricating coating material, such as a fatty acid, is liquified in a heated reservoir inside a heated tank which also contains a heated vapor chamber. The reservoir and vapor chamber are separated by an internal wall of the tank. At least one flow of the liquefied coating material is directed to at least one vaporizer positioned on the tank adjacent to the reservoir and vapor chamber. The liquefied coating material is vaporized by feeding a flow of pressurized air to each vaporizer such that vaporous particles of liquefied coating material are entrained in the air. The air and entrained vaporous particles are directed to a vapor deposition chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for corona-activated chemical vapor deposition. A substrate is positioned in a reaction vessel in all-around spaced relationship from the walls of the vessel. A cage having throughgoing perforations surrounds the substrate and is spaced from the vessel walls and the substrate. A corona discharge is generated along at least an inner surface of the cage by connecting the cage and substrate with a voltage source. A reaction gas mixture is passed through the cage and a coating is formed from the reaction gas mixture on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for coating plastic sheet material such that an article formed from the plastic sheet material and having interior and exterior surfaces will have a metallic appearance. Two layers of ink are applied to the surface of the sheet material which will form the interior surface of the article. The first layer is applied by lithographic printing in a pattern which includes open spaces, and has a color which will form the base color of the article. The second layer is a solid layer applied over the first layer by lithographic or screen printing in a color which is the base color of a metal such that the color of the second layer will be visible from the exterior surface of the article through the spaces provided in the first layer to thereby imitate a metallic finish on the article.

Abstract: A method for making asphalt fibers includes supplying molten asphalt to a rotating asphalt spinner at a temperature between about 270.degree. F. and about 500.degree. F., centrifuging asphalt fibers from the asphalt spinner, and collecting the asphalt fibers. A method for integrating asphalt with reinforcement fibers includes establishing a moving veil of reinforcement fibers, such as glass fibers, and centrifuging asphalt fibers from a rotating asphalt spinner positioned within the veil of reinforcement fibers such that the asphalt is integrated with the reinforcement fibers. A method for making asphalt roofing shingles includes assembling together a mat of asphalt fibers with a mat of reinforcement fibers, coating the assembled mats to form an asphalt coated sheet, applying granules to the asphalt coated sheet, and cutting the asphalt coated sheet into roofing shingles.

Abstract: A film coating apparatus and feed system therefor which comprise:(a) a feeder for dispensing a particulate material at a substantially uniform rate;(b) a jet mill which receives the particulate material from the feeder, wherein the jet mill processes the particulate material by breaking up particle agglomerations and by dispersing substantially uniformly the particulate material into a carrier fluid to result in a processed particulate material;(c) a substrate coating assembly comprising a rotatable applicator; and(d) a tubing having a material receiving end to receive the processed particulate material from the jet mill and a material feeding end to dispense the processed particulate material to the substrate coating assembly, wherein the feeding end is adjacent the surface of the applicator.

Abstract: A flash evaporator vaporization vessel for flash evaporating metal under conditions of repeated thermal cycling having a graphite body, an outer layer of pyrolytic boron nitride and an intermediate layer of a material selected from the group consisting of pyrolytic graphite, boron carbide (B.sub.4 C), tantalum carbide, and silicon carbide and having a thickness of no greater than about 0,002 inches.

Abstract: Method for self-stabilizing deposition of a stoichiometric compound by reactive sputtering using a cold plasma. A reactive gas is supplied to a target, the instantaneous power applied to the target is cyclically reduced and increased at a frequency sufficiently low that a reaction between the target material and the reactive gas takes place on the surface of the target, and the product of the reaction is then sputtered off the surface of the target and onto a substrate. The alternating decrease and increase of the instantaneous power applied to the target at low frequency provides for self-stabilizing deposition of the reaction product on the substrate.

Abstract: Enamelled wire is produced using almost solvent-free fusible resins. Molten resin is pumped from a supply reservoir against the direction of movement of the wire with part of the resin coating the wire. The raw wire is preheated to a temperature near the melting temperature of the molten resin. Excess resin is returned to the supply reservoir after the resin coating the wire has been calibrated to a predetermined circumferential dimension. The resin coating the wire is then hardened. The coating apparatus includes a raw wire guide, a demineralized water bath, an annealing furnace having a protective steam atmostphere, a cooling water bath, a wire preheater, an enameling stove, a heated resin reservoir, a resin applicator and a winding-on machine. The resin coating is applied under closed system conditions, thereby substantially reducing emissions.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the controlled delivery of vaporized chemical precursor to a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) reactor. A flow of liquid precursor containing dissolved inert gas is passed through a restrictor element. The dissolved inert gas is released from the liquid precursor at or near the downstream side of the restrictor element. The inert gas is separated from the liquid precursor, thereby producing a continuous flow of liquid precursor, and this flow is fed into an inlet of a-vaporizer. The vaporized precursor is delivered into an LPCVD reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for glow discharge treatment of opposite surfaces of a moving web such as a plastic film or metallic sheet. The web moves in a vacuum housing between two rows of elongated electrodes arranged in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the web. Coolant flows through an elongated hollow space in each electrode. The electrodes are fitted into a single common socket which is removably attached to the vacuum housing. A shielding member made of metallic material covers only the part of each electrode which is laterally offset to a side of the web. Each shielding member is connected to ground via a conductor and is spaced away from the outer peripheral surface of each electrode by a gap which is sufficiently small to prevent discharging of electricity from occurring in the gap when the web is subjected to glow discharging treatment.

Abstract: A resistance heated evaporator includes a body of graphite having a generally rectangular geometry with opposite ends each of which has four sides. A coating of pyrolytic boron nitride covers substantially the entire surface of three of the sides at each end so as to form a channel which provides structural support at each end. At least one side at each end remains open for electrical contact to a power supply.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a recording film composed of a mixture of a metal and an oxide or alternating layers of a metal and an oxide is formed by vacuum evaporation or sputtering from separate metal and oxide sources without inducing an oxidation-reduction reaction between the metal and oxide. The oxide has a standard enthalpy of formation which is higher than that of an oxide obtained by oxidizing the metal. Information is recorded by irradiating portions of the film with a laser beam so as to cause an exothermic oxidation-reduction reaction between the metal and oxide, thereby causing an optically detectible change in the optical constant of the film at the portions irradiated.

Abstract: Process for restrengthening damaged paper, in which the aged, acid-damaged friable paper is treated with a solution containing isocyanate or with isocyanate vapour. Isocyanates having two or more isocyanate groups are preferably used.

Abstract: A process for reducing the coefficient of friction and the wear between a metal part and an organic polymer- or copolymer-based part, in an aqueous medium containing chlorides, characterized in that the organic polymer- or copolymer-based part is submitted to a surface treatment by ionic implantation of elements selected from nitrogen, argon, oxygen and carbon.

Abstract: A method of applying bonding agents, such as solder pastes and conductive adhesives, to pad sites in the manufacture of electronic circuits uses a bonding agent injection head which includes a wiping guide, a blade which cooperates with the wiping guide to form an elongate nozzle slit, and an evacuation path ahead of the nozzle slit in a direction of movement of the injection head. A permanent mask with cavity openings is applied around conductive pads on a carrier. The conductive pads correspond to chip attachment sites. The injection head is brought into contact with a surface of the mask, and pressure is applied to a bonding agent in the injection head. The injection head is then moved over the surface of the mask, filling cavity openings with the bonding agent. The evacuation path ahead of the nozzle slit lets air out of the cavity openings as the cavity openings are filled with bonding agent. The injection head is then removed from the surface of the mask.

Abstract: A continuous, automated method and apparatus for transporting and electrostatically powder coating articles such as fasteners. Articles in an unoriented state are oriented one behind another, transferred in succession to and magnetically retained on a face of a rotating feed wheel at a first position with respect to the feed wheel, transported to a second position by rotation of the feed wheel, transferred in succession at the second position to a respective portion of a moving conveyor, and releasably suspended magnetically and electrically grounded at the respective portion of the conveyor. Magnets used to suspend the articles from the conveyor are shielded from direct contact with the articles to avoid coating the magnets. While the articles remain suspended magnetically from the conveyor by their end portions, they are conveyed through a coating booth where they are electrostatically powder coated.