Abstract: A WDM receiver that includes a single, delay interferometer coupled to an N-channel wavelength-demultiplexing filter provides for the simultaneous conversion of a multiplex of N differential-phase-shift-keyed modulated optical signals of different wavelengths into N intensity-modulated optical signal channels. The Nintensity-modulated optical signals may be individually detected by a bank of N photodiode circuits to recover the modulated data stream or used for optical amplification, regeneration, processing, control, or modulation.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus employing an FSK scheme is disclosed. The optical transmission apparatus includes a light generator arranged to generate a first tone signal having a first frequency and a second tone signal having a second frequency. The optical transmission apparatus also includes a light modulator including a second modulator for selectively outputting one of the first tone signal and the second tone signal input from the light generator according to input data.

Abstract: A receiving circuit stops a one shot timer from generating an output signal immediately after the output signal is outputted to an external entity until a predetermined stretch time elapses. With this arrangement, the receiving circuit will not generate a new output signal even if (i) noises generated by a voltage fluctuation of the output signal appear on an amplified signal immediately after the output signal is outputted (at the end of the output), and (ii) the value of the amplified signal exceeds a threshold value. Therefore, the receiving circuit can make sure that an unnecessary output signal will not be generated due to the noises.

Abstract: According the invention, a multiplexed light composed of a signal light of a signal wavelength, and a first route control light of a first route control wavelength different from the signal wavelength or a second route control light of a second route control wavelength different from the signal light and the first route control wavelength is incident to a demultiplexer. The demultiplexer demultiplexes the signal light of the signal wavelength, the first route control light, and the second route control light from the multiplexed light. An interferometer optical switch outputs the signal light from first output port according to the first route control light, and outputs the signal light from second output port according to the second route control light.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a nanoparticle containing at least one metal sulfide nanocrystal having a surface modified with a carboxylic acid, wherein the carboxylic acid has at least one aryl group. The present disclosure also describes a method of preparing the nanoparticle, the method consisting of: (a) providing a first solution having a first organic solvent, and a non-alkali metal salt and a carboxylic acid dissolved therein, wherein the carboxylic acid has at least one aryl group; (b) providing a sulfide material; and (c) combining the first solution and the sulfide material to form a reaction solution, thereby forming a nanoparticle containing at least one metal sulfide nanocrystal having a surface modified with the carboxylic acid, wherein the carboxylic acid has at least one aryl group.

Abstract: A plurality of micron-size solid particles is described herein that includes at least one polyamide compound, wherein the particles comprise a diameter in the range of about 1 micron to about 1000 microns, and wherein at least some of the plurality of particles are substantially transparent. In addition, a plurality of micron-size solid particles is described herein that includes at least one polyamide compound, wherein the particles comprise a diameter of less than about 4 microns.

Abstract: A method to produce dispersion of magnetic metal particle aggregates is provided. FePt nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed with the particles separated at controlled inter-particle spacing. The magnetic metal particle aggregate is composed of magnetic metal particles whose main components and the contents thereof are represented by the following general formula (1): [TXM1?X]YZ1?Y, ??(1) where T is one or both of Fe and Co, M is one or both of Pt and Pd, Z is at least one member selected from the group composed of Ag, Cu, Bi, Sb, Pb and Sn, X represents 0.3˜0.7, and Y represents 0.7˜1.0, the balance being impurities unavoidably incorporated during production, wherein the proportion of face-centered tetragonal structure is in the range of 10˜100%, the particles have an average diameter of 30 nm or less, and the particles are in a dispersed state spaced apart from one another.

Abstract: The dispersion monitoring device of the present invention detects a change in dispersion caused in a system by performing the decision process of a received signal using a data flip-flop in which required decision phase and decision threshold are set, averaging the output signal of the data flip-flop using an integration circuit and determining a received waveform, based on a change in a level of an output signal from the integration circuit. In another preferred embodiment, a signal is inputted to a chromatic dispersion change sign monitor. If a chirping parameter is correctly set, residual chromatic dispersion shifts in the negative direction when the peak value of a received signal is large, and it shifts in the positive direction when the peak value of a received signal is small. Using this fact, optimum dispersion compensation is conducted.

Abstract: Microsphere beads are mixed with a surface barrier solid, liquid or mixture of such a liquid with a solid effective to prevent agglomeration and surface bonding of the microspheres; by the control of the application of heat and balancing temperature and active mixing, removal of water from and expansion of the microsphere is achieved. Microsphere densities of as low as 0.005 to less than 0.015 g/cm3 are realized. The surface barrier solid, liquid or mixture of such a liquid with a solid in the present invention is any one of a wide diversity of materials which meet the requirements of the intended function, i.e., to prevent the agglomeration of the microspheres during the process. Suitable materials include, by way of example, fillers, pigments, plasticizers, diluents, extenders, monomers and oligomers and the like.

Abstract: Modified and functionalized metallic nanoclusters capable of providing an enhanced Raman signal from an organic Raman-active molecule incorporated therein are provided. For example, modifications include coatings and layers, such as adsorption layers, metal coatings, silica coatings, and organic layers. The nanoclusters are generally referred to as COINs (composite organic inorganic nanoparticles) and are capable of acting as sensitive reporters for analyte detection. A metal that enhances the Raman signal from the organic Raman-active compound is inherent in the nanocluster. A variety of organic Raman-active compounds and mixtures of compounds can be incorporated into the nanocluster.

Abstract: Composite particles of a metal particle within a crosslinked, cored dendrimer are described. Additionally, methods of making the composite particles and compositions that contain the composite particles are described.

Abstract: Monodisperse nanoparticles are prepared with a high degree of reproducibility by controlling pH in size-selective photoetching. The nanoparticles have uniform optical properties and other properties.

Abstract: A laser communications system includes a wide-field sensor, configured to detect a first set of laser communications sources within a first field of view, a narrow-field sensor includes a tracking portion and a control portion configured to receive laser communications from a second set of laser communications sources within a second field of view, wherein the first field of view is larger than the second field of view, and wherein the second set of laser communications sources comprises at least a first source and a second source, and a redirection unit coupled to the narrow-field sensor configured to position the second field of view within the first field of view wherein the first receiving element is positioned in response to the first positioning signal for the first receiving element, and the second receiving element is positioned in response to the first positioning signal for the second receiving element.

Abstract: The particulate water absorbent has a cross-linking structure therein, and contains (i) a particulate water absorbent resin having a cross-linking structure on a surface therof and (ii) not less than 0.001 mass % and less than 10 mass % of anorganic acid multivalent metal salt whose molecule contains not less than seven carbon atoms. Futher, the particulate water absorbent contains 90 mass % of particles, whose particle diameter is not less than 106 ?m and 850 ?m, with respect to the particulate water absorbent.

Abstract: A method for forming an ultrafine particle brittle material at low temperature which includes the steps of applying a mechanical impact force or a pressure to a ultrafine particle brittle material so as to have a percentage in the ultrafine particles having a primary particle diameter less than 50 nm in all the particles of 10 to 90%, subjecting the resulting brittle material to a heat treatment at a temperature not higher than the sintering temperature thereof so as to have the above percentage of 50% or less, and then applying a mechanical impact force not less than the crushing strength to the resultant material, to crush the material, thereby joining the ultrafine particles in the brittle material with one another, to form a formed article of the ultrafine particle brittle material; and an ultrafine particle brittle material for use in the method.

Abstract: Production of hollow carbon fibers and hollow carbon particles includes baking and carbonization of polymer particles having a specified volume after deformation. A metal-deposited carbon fiber with metal deposited inside and/or outside the hollow carbon fiber is applicable to electron discharge devices. The thickness and crystallinity of the graphite layer can be freely controlled. Since almost no by-product is generated, separation and refining using a solvent is not required. A hollow carbon particle of desired shape can be produced at a high yield rate. The hollow carbon fiber represented by a carbon nano-tube can be controlled in such a way that a low resistance and uniform shape are provided so that there is an increase in the amount of electrons discharged from the hollow carbon fiber. Use of this hollow carbon fiber as an electron discharge source provides an excellent electron discharge device characterized by stable pixels.

Abstract: This invention is directed to coated water-swellable materials, typically solid, particulate, water-swellable materials, i.e. materials that comprise hydrogel-forming polymers, whereof at least a part is coated with a coating, which substantially does not break when the polymers swell, as set out in the method herein. Said coating is present at a level of at least 1% by weight of the water-swellable material. The coating comprises preferably an elastomeric polymeric material. The invention also relates products, e.g., disposable absorbent articles, comprising such coated water-swellable material.

Abstract: The resin-coated sand is produced by coating the surface of a refractory granular aggregate with a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin. When using this resin-coated sand, a mold with a less rough surface can be produced by a RP molding apparatus. When using this mold made of the resin-coated sand, a casting with fewer gas defects can be produced.

Abstract: The present invention includes ultraviolet curable compositions preferably containing discrete, crystalline zirconia nanoparticles with reactive, or copolymerizable, surface modification, in a polymerizable monomer/oligomer resin mixture. It is believed that copolymerizable surface modification provides a functional group that enables the functionalized particle to co-polmerize with the reactive monomers, oligomers, and crosslinkers in the formulation. Relative to surface modification of the nanoparticles, acrylate functionality is preferred over methacrylate functionality. On the other hand, methacrylate functionality is preferred over non-reactive, or nonpolymerizable, functionality. As the nanocomposite cures, the resultant network is heavily crosslinked by selection of raw materials with substantial acrylate functionality.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compositions of matter and articles of manufacture comprising SWNTs as nanometer scale conducting rods dispersed in an electrically-insulating matrix. These compositions of matter have novel and useful electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties including applications in antennas, electromagnetic and electro-optic devices, and high-toughness materials. Other compositions of matter and articles of manufacture are disclosed. including polymer-coated and polymer wrapped single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs), small ropes of polymer-coated and polymer-wrapped SWNTs and materials comprising same. This composition provides one embodiment of the SWNT conducting-rod composite mentioned above, and also enables creation of high-concentration suspensions of SWNTs and compatibilization of SWNTs with polymeric matrices in composite materials.