Abstract: Anionic clay compounds such as hydrotalcite-like compounds can be made by a process wherein a non-hydrotalcite-like compound (or a hydrotalcite-like compound) are heat treated and then hydrated to form hydrotalcite-like compounds having properties (e.g., increased hardness and/or density) that differ from those of hydrotalcite-like compounds made by prior art methods wherein non-hydrotalcite-like compounds (or hydrotalcite-like compounds) are not similarly heat treated and hydrated to form such hydrotalcite-like compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a modified kaolin from a kaolin group mineral which includes expansion and contraction of layers of the kaolin group mineral. The layers comprising one Si-tetrahedral sheet and one Al-octahedral sheet. The expansion and contraction may be initiated by initial intercalation of a reagent which can penetrate kaolin layers to reach an interlayer region therebetween to form an intercalate. Subsequently, the intercalation nay be followed by de-intercalation which involves the removal of the reagent. By the above process, there is provided crystalline modified kaolins having the following properties: (i) an increased interlayer space compared to corresponding kaolin group minerals; (ii) an increased susceptibility to intercalation by cations, anions or salts compared to corresponding kaolin group minerals; and (iii) an increased exfoliated morphology compared to corresponding kaolin group minerals.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves which comprise mostly single and/or twinned crystal particles can be loaded into organic matrices in comparatively high amounts with less viscosity buildup than molecular sieves conventionally used for such desiccant applications. Desiccant/organic matrix compositions made with the single and/or twinned crystal zeolites exhibit improved physical integrity and/or improved rheological and adsorption characteristics in comparison to conventional systems. The compositions are especially useful in insulated glass window spacer applications.

Abstract: Difluoromethane (R-32) is of current interest as a partial replacement for chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) refrigerant heretofore widely used in vapor compression refrigeration systems. R-32 has, however, proved to be more reactive than is desirable with the zeolite A adsorbent-desiccant compositions used in such systems to prevent corrosion and freeze-up problems. The potassium cation form of a zeolite A molecular sieve--with at least 60 per cent of the sodium cations replaced with potassium ions, agglomerated with a clay binder and pore-reduced to essentially exclude the adsorption of R-32, and having essentially no reactivity with difluoromethane--has been found to be an effective desiccant for refrigerants comprising difluoromethane.

Abstract: A substantially dust-free, inert absorbent derived from clay is described. Raw clay having strong surface acidity sites is combined with a metal salt, then heat treated to produce vitrified clay granules suitable as a carrier for labile chemical or biological materials.

Abstract: A novel catalyst and the use thereof in a reforming process is disclosed. The catalyst comprises a refractory inorganic oxide, platinum-group metal, Group IVA(IUPAC 14) metal, indium and lanthanide-series metal. Utilization of this catalyst in the conversion of hydrocarbonsaromatics product.

Abstract: A method for purifying an exhaust gas by simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas, comprising bringing the oxygen rich exhaust gas into contact with an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprised of at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of platinum and palladium, at least one alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium, and strontium, and at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, and cobalt, supported on a carrier composed of a porous substance.

Abstract: A process for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases, preferably those from diesel engines in vehicles, using pulsed superstoichiometric addition of NH.sub.3 or NH.sub.3 -releasing substances, comprises controlling the pulsed superstoichiometric addition of NH.sub.3 in such a way that, after it has started, the addition is interrupted again only when the amount of NH.sub.3 stored in the catalyst has reached a specific upper threshold value which is predetermined in accordance with the catalyst properties and the catalyst volume, the amount of NH.sub.3 stored being calculated from the difference between the metered amount of NH.sub.3 and the amount of NO.sub.x separated off, which is determined from the NO.sub.x concentration in the exhaust gas and the average degree of separation, and the addition of NH.sub.3 is resumed only when the amount of NH.sub.

Abstract: A method for improving the adsorption properties of a hydrocarbon adsorber involves contacting a molecular sieve hydrocarbon adsorber at ambient temperature with an agent for modifying the acid sites of the molecular sieve to impregnate the molecular sieve with the agent. The average pore diameter of the intracrystalline porosity of the molecular sieve is about 3 to 20 angstroms. The agent has an anionic portion which is retained within the structure of the molecular sieve. The modified molecular sieve has the ability to retain adsorbed hydrocarbons at higher temperatures than the unmodified molecular sieve. The acid-modified molecular sieve can be used to remove hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-containing stream. The hydrocarbon-containing stream is passed through the modified adsorber at atmospheric pressure at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 150.degree. C. to cause adsorption and retention of the hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method for improving the adsorption properties of a hydrocarbon adsorber which involves contacting a molecular sieve hydrocarbon adsorber with an agent for modifying the acid sites of the molecular sieve to impregnate the molecular sieve with the agent. The resulting acid-modified molecular sieve has the ability to retain adsorbed hydrocarbons at higher temperatures than the molecular sieve in the un-modified state. The acid-modified molecular sieve can be used to remove hydrocarbons from a workstream. The workstream is passed through the modified adsorber at atmospheric pressure at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 150.degree. C. to cause adsorption and retention of the hydrocarbons. The adsorbed hydrocarbons can then be desorbed at a higher temperature than would otherwise occur with an unmodified adsorber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chiral solid catalyst containing a BEA topology zeolite and a metal-binap complex and to a process for the production of substantially enantiomerically pure products from prochiral starting material with the catalyst. The BEA topology zeolite may be a BETA zeolite, an acid BEA topology zeolite, an acid NU-2 zeolite, or an ammonium BEA topology zeolite. The metal in the metal-binap complex is ruthenium, iridium, nickel, or rhodium. The zeolite is normally impregnated with a solution of the metal-binap complex. The method is applicable to asymmetric hydrogenation of beta functionalized ketones, betaketoesters, functionalized olefins, and .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated functionalized olefins.

Abstract: A novel catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons comprising a material containing an acid treated zeolite, a boron component and a zinc component wherein the material is treated with a silylating agent. A method of making such novel catalyst and the use of the novel catalyst for converting paraffin hydrocarbons with a low rate of coke formation during such conversion are disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking catalyst, which comprises (1) a zeolite, (2) a silica.cndot.alumina or an alumina and (3) a kaolin, has a pore diameter distribution having a peak at a pore diameter of 450 to 3,000 .ANG., and has 40 to 75% of a pore volume of pores of not less than 200 .ANG. and less than 2,000 .ANG. in pore diameter and 5 to 45% of a pore volume of pores of not less than 2,000 .ANG. and less than 18,000 .ANG. in pore diameter, both based on a pore volume of pores of 40 to 18,000 .ANG. in pore diameter.

Abstract: The invention concerns a catalyst comprising at least one catalytic element, and a support comprising 20-99% by weight of at least one matrix, 1-80% by weight of at least one 2:1 dioctahedral phyllosilicate containing fluorine and 0-30% by weight of at least one Y zeolite. The catalytic element is from groups VI and/or VIII. Phosphorous can be present. The invention also concerns a process for the hydroconversion of said catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a NOx reducing catalyst comprising BEA zeolite which is ion-exchanged with Co to have a Co/Al ratio between 0.2 and 0.6 and is loaded with at least one metal selected from among Ca, Sr, Ba, La, Mn, Ag, In, and Ni. The present invention also provides a NOx reduction process comprising the use of the catalyst of the present invention. The catalyst of this invention provides high activity, high NOx reduction selectivity and durability at low temperature in an actual exhaust gas containing water vapor and other substances disturbing catalytic activity even at low temperature and at low NOx and hydrocarbon concentration.

Abstract: A calcined cracking catalyst comprising zeolite crystals in an inorganic oxide matrix and containing less than about 0.75% Na.sub.2 O and, from 0.1 to 10% P expressed as P.sub.2 O.sub.5, the cracking catalyst being further characterized by exhibiting a spectra with a peak at about 3735 cm.sup.-1 when treated with pyridine and analyzed by FTIR. A process for manufacturing an FCC catalyst characterized by high tolerance to contaminated metals comprises providing fluid cracking catalyst microspheres containing zeolite Y in an inorganic oxide matrix and analyzing 20 to 60% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and analyzing less than 0.75% wt. Na.sub.2 O; impregnating the catalyst with a solution of a phosphate or phosphite salt in amount such the microspheres analyze 0.5 to 10% by weight P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and calcining the microspheres in the absence of steam at a temperature above 1300.degree. F. and below 1600.degree. F. and recovering the product characterized exhibiting a spectra with a peak at about 3687 cm.sup.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed in the regenerator zone and rapidly released as H.sub.2 S in the reactor zone of an FCC system employing a particulate SO.sub.x reducing additive comprising an alkali metal oxide. Embodiments comprise the incorporation of an inorganic support, MgO, CeO.sub.2 or Ag, and V.sub.2 O.sub.5.

Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising ZSM-5, rhenium which is impregnated onto the catalyst, and a selectivating agent. The selectivating agent may be coke and/or a siliceous material. The catalyst is particularly useful for catalyzing toluene disproportionation reactions. Methods for making this catalyst and processes for using this catalyst in toluene disproportionation are also provided.

Abstract: An improved zeolite catalyst having enhanced dealkylation activity is provided. The catalyst is prepared by incorporating fluorine into the zeolite structure. In another embodiment, a transition element such as nickel is additionally incorporated into the zeolite structure. The process for producing the catalyst also includes ion-exchange and calcining steps. A mordenite type catalyst has been found to be particularly effective. The catalyst of the present invention demonstrates improved activity for the dealkylation of polyalkylaromatic compounds found in residue from the alkylation process and in heavy reformate streams from refineries. A dealkylation process using the catalyst of the present invention is provided. The dealkylation process shows good selectivity for benzene and monoalkylated aromatic products, and catalyst stability, particularly at high reaction temperatures.

Abstract: A supported catalyst includes: a) 0.5-15 wt. % of one or more Cu-II compounds, the quantitative amounts referring to copper metal; b) 0.1-8 wt. % of one or more alkali metal compounds, the quantitative amounts referring to alkali metal; c) 0.1-10 wt. % of an oxide mixture including; c1) 80-95 mole % of oxides of cerite rare earths with atomic Nos. 57 to 62, except promethium, and c2) 5-20 mole % of zirconium dioxide, where c1) and c2) must together total 100 mole % and the quantitative amount of c) refers to the oxides of the mixture, and d) the remainder up to 100 wt. % being .gamma. and/or .alpha.-aluminum oxide as support material, wherein e) the support material d) has a total pore volume in the range from 0.65 to 1.2 cm.sup.3 /g, and wherein f) the supported catalyst is present in the form of cylindrical hollow bodies having at least one passage channel, the ratio of height h to external diameter d.sup.e being less than 1.5 for diameters d.sub.e of up to 6 mm, and the ratio h/d.sub.e being less than 0.