Abstract: An optical delay apparatus that regularly alternately outputs beams having mutually different delays on one optical axis and that can variably set a delay amount of at least one beam. A motor 112 rotation-drives a rotating plate 111 in which reflective portions and transmissive portions are formed regularly alternately in the circumferential direction. When an incident beam I0 is incident to a reflective portion of the rotating plate 111, it is reflected to generate a beam I1. When the incident beam I0 is incident to a transmissive portion of the rotating plate 111, a beam I2 transmitted is reflected by a reflector 120 to become a beam I3, and the beam I3 is again transmitted by the transmissive portion of the rotating plate 111. This beam I3 has a delay different from that of the beam I1, and the beam I3 and the beam I1 advance regularly alternately in the same direction and on the same optical axis.

Abstract: A zoom lens assembly (10) includes a plurality of cam barrels (18, 38, 66) which rotate together within non-rotating lens barrels (12, 34, 54) as the assembly is extended and contracted. A compact focusing mechanism (92-156) travels with the innermost cam barrel (66).

Abstract: A picture display device is disclosed having an illumination system and a picture display panel which is provided with a matrix of n panels and has a pitch p.sub.p. The device further has a projection lens system for projecting light modulated by the picture display panel to form an image. The illumination side of the picture display panel is provided with a microlens array having m microlenses and a pitch p.sub.m. The illumination system includes N illumination elements which are arranged in an array and have pitch p.sub.1. The illumination elements generate light simultaneously. Moreover, N<<m,n and p.sub.1 >>p.sub.m, p.sub.p.

Abstract: A headup display including a light emission-type display source, a concave mirror having an spherical reflecting surface and located so as to reflect light emitted from the display source, and a reflection-type hologram located so as to reflect the light reflected on the concave mirror toward an observer in a mobile unit. The concave mirror is configured so that its lateral focal length contributing to lateral enlargement of a displayed image is shorter than its longitudinal focal length contributing to longitudinal enlargement of the displayed image. The reflection-type hologram is configured so that its longitudinal focal length contributing to longitudinal enlargement of the displayed image is shorter than its lateral focal length contributing to lateral enlargement of the displayed image.

Abstract: The invented optical engines are characterized as including generally parallel planar glass plate-mounted or coated dichroic and turning mirror and light valve elements. An important topological feature of the invented optical engines is the fact that like optical elements are positioned and oriented to be coplanar, i.e. the light-splitting dichroic mirror elements are coplanar with one another, the split beam-turning mirror elements are coplanar and the light valves are coplanar. This important feature of the invention renders compact optical engines that are simply and inexpensively manufactured and maintained because the critical optical elements are in part self-aligning when like optical elements are placed in an aligning mounting structure or more preferably on a common substrate that renders them self-positioning and self-aligning relative to one another.

Abstract: A light modulation apparatus having a light shutter element which has an electro-optic effect, such as a PLZT. A pair of electrodes are provided on the light shutter element, and a DC voltage applying circuit is connected to the electrodes. The top surface, where the electric field is applied, exhibits modified electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A collimator for radiation therapy, particularly for medical use, including a first pair and a second pair of blocks for deflecting the radiation-therapy beam that is guided between the blocks of each pair, the pairs of blocks being superimposed with respect to each other and slidable on mutually perpendicular guides, a motor being provided to move the first and second pairs of blocks along the guides.

Abstract: An optical illuminator assembly for an analytical instrument, such as a clinical hematology or a flow cytometer instrument, and method of aligning the components of the illuminator assembly and orienting the illuminator assembly. The illuminator assembly includes a plurality of optical components, such as a laser source, e.g., a laser diode, optionally a spatial filter, a beam shaping aperture, and a focussing lens. The optical components are mounted in or to a housing and are internally oriented with respect to the housing to produce a focussed laser beam output. The housing is in turn mounted on an alignment mechanism which can move the focussed beam in four degrees of freedom, thereby to direct the focussed beam to a particular location. Thus, a factory alignment and a low cost prealigned optical illuminator assembly is obtained, which can be easily oriented for use in an instrument.

Abstract: An adapter for an optical eyepiece for propagating a non-collimated light beam from an object along an optical axis of the eyepiece so as to present an image to an observer, the adapter comprising a beam splitter for inserting into the eyepiece so as to intercept the light beam and direct a portion thereof outside the eyepiece through an exit aperture of the beam splitter without substantially changing the image to the observer. The adapter is particularly useful for extracting a portion of an image from an eyepiece having restricted access in a night vision goggles thus permitting an external scene to be recorded simultaneous with its being viewed by the observer.

Abstract: A lens assembly includes a third lens group frame having an end face extending in an optical-axis direction and provided with an end-face cam having displacement along a peripheral direction, for retaining a third group of lenses, a second lens group frame having a cam follower abutted against the end-face cam for retaining a second group of lenses, a second lens group spring for biasing the second lens group frame toward the third lens group frame, rotational regulator for regulating rotation of one of the third lens group frame and the second lens group frame around an optical axis, and a rotator for rotating the other of the third lens group frame and the second lens group frame around an optical axis when zoom operation is performed, wherein the end-face cam and a cam follower are operated by relative angular movement of the third lens group frame and the second lens group frame, around the optical axis at the time the zoom operation is performed to modify spacing therebetween in the optical-axis directio

Abstract: An electrically tunable optical filter utilizing a deformable multi-layer mirror construction.

Abstract: A walk-off device is used to split an incoming beam into two parallel outgoing beams having orthogonal polarization. A polarization flipper is positioned to change the polarization of one of the two beams exiting from the walk-off device so that the two beams are parallel and have essentially identical polarizations. A nonreciprocal device receives the two beams, and the resulting apparatus is a polarization independent nonreciprocal device. Conversely, a polarization flipper flips the polarization of one of the two parallel beams of like polarizations into orthogonal polarizations and subsequently a walk-off device combines or superimposes these two beams to form an unpolarized single beam.

Abstract: An optical communication and/or measurement system includes a transmitter that modulates a pseudo-random noise signal with a message signal to produce a wideband signal for transmission. A receiver, which demodulates the wideband signal to recover the message signal, includes an "analog" feedback shift register ("AFSR") that reproduces the noise signal based on samples of the received signal. The AFSR is a generalization of a linear feedback shift register ("LFSR"). The AFSR is characterized by a function that agrees with the function that characterizes the LFSR, at the points at which that function is defined. The AFSR includes beam splitters that are spaced in accordance with the associated pseudorandom code. The AFSR's function has stable fixed points at integer values and unstable fixed points at half-integer values and, the stable fixed points act as attractors. The AFSR thus produces a sequence that relaxes to the nearest integer-valued sequence.

Abstract: A locking mechanism of zoom lens which is primarily applied on zoom lens to prevent the lens group of the zoom lens to prevent the lens group of the zoom lens structure from entering into the non-zooming zone of the curvilinear slots through its zooming zone. The said locking mechanism of zoom lens mainly consists of a reverse rotation stopping block, a spring-loaded restoring slider, a stopping piece and a cap.

Abstract: A pair of rimless type spectacles having a flexible lens holding member such as a nylon wire for holding lenses arranged in such a manner that a decoration is fastened to the lens holding member so that the decoration is fastened to the periphery of the lens so as to freely design the spectacles. It is preferable that the position at which the decoration is fastened can be adjusted and the decoration can be changed for another one.

Abstract: A double-faced lenticular lens sheet including at least one incident side lens formed on a first face of the double-faced lenticular lens sheet; and at least one corresponding emergent side lens formed on a second opposite face of the double-faced lenticular lens sheet; wherein light rays incident on the at least one incident side lens parallel to an optical axis thereof pass through the lenticular lens sheet and emerge from the at least one emergent side lens; an angle of refraction .theta.1 is formed by a straight line parallel to an optical axis of the at last one incident side lens and a light ray refracted by an incident plane passing through the lenticular lens sheet; an angle of refraction .theta.2 is formed by a straight line parallel to an optical axis of the at least one emergent side lens and the light ray refracted by and emitted from an emergent plane; .DELTA..theta.1 is an absolute value of the angle of refraction .theta.1 on the incident plane; .DELTA..theta.

Abstract: The present invention is an electro-optical modulator having (a) a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer; (b) a first quantum well layer having a conduction band minimum at an optically active point (typically the L point or the X point), disposed between the first and second semiconductor layers; (c) a second quantum well layer having a conduction band minimum at the optically inactive (at normal incidence) .GAMMA. point, disposed between the first and second semiconductor layers; (d) a spacer layer disposed between the first and second quantum well layers, where the spacer layer has a conduction band minimum that is large enough for establishing quantum confinement in the first quantum well layer at the optically active point and in the second quantum well layer at the .GAMMA. point, but small enough to allow tunnelling between the two layers on a time scale consistent with the desired switching response time.

Abstract: A lens barrel is arranged to include a first cam ring having a helicoid part helicoid-connected to the frontmost group of an optical system and a cam part arranged to restrict a front of at least a part of a rear group of the optical system located in rear of the frontmost group and a second cam ring connected to the first cam ring and having a cam part arranged to restrict a rear of the rear group, or a spur-gear helicoid having a spur gear part and a helicoid part arranged to spatially overlap each other, a spur gear which engages the spur gear part of the spur-gear helicoid, a helicoid part which engages the helicoid part of the spur-gear helicoid and a lens barrel system to which a rotation force is transmitted by the engagement between the spur gear part and the spur gear and to which a moving force in the direction of an optical axis is transmitted by the engagement between the helicoid part and the helicoid, or to include a first group of an optical system, a second group of the optical system disposed

Abstract: An electrochromic device of wholly solid type comprising a transparent substrate and a transparent electroconductive film formed on the substrate, and having an oxidation color forming oxide, a cation conductive layer as an electrolyte, a reduction color forming oxide and a transparent electroconductive film, formed sequentially on said transparent electroconductive film formed on the substrate, wherein:(1) the oxidation color forming oxide is a p-type semiconductor of nickel oxide or cobalt oxide,(2) the cation conductive layer has OH groups showing a peak at about 3,300 (1/cm) in its infrared reflectance spectrum and is made of proton conductive SbO.sub.c wherein 1.3.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.2.7, or at least one lithium conductive lithium-containing oxide of LiO.sub.d MO.sub.e wherein 0.01.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.1.0, 1.3.ltoreq.e.ltoreq.2.

Abstract: A metallic oxide or halogen coated displaying cubicle is formed from two triangular-shaped portions forming a square cube such that a first imprinted, etched or otherwise permanently secured on the like image, such as a company logo, is positioned on one of the six faces is projected through another of the faces so that one may view one or both of the images separately or in combination with one another.