Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnifying observation apparatus of a video type in which an image of an object to be observed which has been picked up by an image pick-up apparatus incorporating an imaging device therein is reproduced on a monitor display and observed. It is an object of the invention to attain a compact structure of the entire system so as to permit easy observation in a simple manner. According to the present invention, in order to achieve such object, not only the imaging device but also a control circuit unit for the imaging device, an optical system for focusing the image of the object to be observed on the imaging device, and a light-source lamp for lighting the object to be observed, are incorporated in the image pick-up apparatus.

Abstract: An electrochromic cell is disclosed which comprises an electrochromic layer and a composite ion counter electrode for transporting ions. The counter electrode further comprises a polymer electrolyte material and an organosulfur material in which, in its discharged state, the organosulfur material is further comprised of a mercaptan or an organothiolate. In one preferred embodiment, both the electrochromic electrode and the counter electrode are transparent either to visible light or to the entire electromagnetic spectrum in both charged and discharged states. An electrochromic device is disclosed which comprises one or more electrochromic electrodes encased in glass or plastic plates on the inner surface of each of which is formed a transparent electrically conductive film. Electrical contacts, which are in electrical contact with the conductive films, facilitate external electrical connection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a read-write head for an optical tape recorder comprised of a synchronized scanning transmissive polygon and rotating lens wheel. The transmissive polygon is a multi-sided piece of transparent optical quality material for displacing a through transmitted collimated read or write light beam. The lens wheel comprises a unitary disk-shaped piece of optical quality material having a plurality of individual lenses precision molded or diamond point turned therein for focusing the through transmitted and displaced read or write light beam onto a recording media. The polygon is rotated to translate the displaced beam for scanning along a linear path aligned with an arcuate path followed each successive lens on the rotating lens wheel. The rotation of the polygon and lens wheel are synchronized such that each scan of the displaced beam along the linear path coincides with the movement of a lens along the arcuate path to trace out a data track on the recording media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass for at least one signalling lamp, in particular for a motor vehicle. The glass includes a plurality of non-catadioptric elements that have the appearance of catadioptric needles but without performing the same function. At least a portion of the non-catadioptric elements have conical ends on the inside face of the glass. This makes it much easier to make a mold for mass-producing such a glass.

Abstract: A barrier mechanism for a zoom lens assembly which includes a stationary lens barrel and a rotatable cam ring which is supported on the stationary lens barrel for movement in the direction of the optical axis while being rotated, and which includes at least two cam grooves. The barrier mechanism of the lens barrel includes a pair of barrier plate assemblies which are adapted to open and close an opening of the lens barrel, wherein each of the pair of barrier plate assemblies includes a pair of plate elements which are symmetrically arranged with respect to a center of the opening. In the closed position, the barrier plates are arranged side by side.

Abstract: Herein is described a process for the light-intensity balancing of an optical system, and a device for carrying out the process. The optical system consists of a light source, a lens installed in the beam path, and optoelectrical components that sends to an amplifier a signal that is proportional to the local light intensity. The intensity balancing is carried out by measuring and determining the intensity distribution in a plane. This local distribution is modified at the relevant points for the local distribution according to the optical properties of the lens until a uniform intensity distribution in the plane is obtained. The lens is attained by radiating its surface or internal structures with a laser.

Abstract: The lens of the invention is specifically designed for use with a slit lamp biomicroscope or operating microscope in the examination or treatment of a patient's eye. The invention consists of one or more coaxial lens elements, with at least one of the lens elements utilizing at least one convex aspheric surface of revolution. The aspheric surface or surfaces utilized are chosen to correct astigmatic imagery of the lens, with the formed aerial image free of excessive field curvature and astigmatism. The lens is held at a distance from the patient's eye pupil corresponding to the secondary focal length of the lens. If the examined eye is emmetropic, and the lens is held in a position wherein the entrance pupil of the lens is conjugate with that of the examined eye, an image of the entrance pupil of the patient's eye will be formed at the pupil aperture of the optical system of the slit lamp biomicroscope used to observe the aerial image of the fundus as produced by the lens.

Abstract: An optical mask including a 2.pi.n phase shifter pattern, a .pi.(2n+1) phase shifter pattern, an intermediate phase shifter pattern which shifts the phase of an incident light by an angle between 2.pi.n and .pi.(2n+1), and a reversed intermediate phase shifter pattern which shifts the phase of an incident light by an angle being reversed by .pi. for the phase shift angle of the intermediate phase shifter pattern. The intermediate phase shifter patterns are formed in the vicinity of the reversed intermediate phase shifter patterns having light shielding films in between.

Abstract: An infrared filter that is formed as a laminated structure including a plurality of layers having substantially uniform thicknesses. The various embodiments include first layers that are relatively thick which are interleaved with second layers that are relatively thin as compared to the first layers. The second layers are generally one quarter wavelength optical thickness at a particular tuned wavelength, whereas the first layers are generally a plurality of quarter wavelength optical thicknesses. Methods for manufacturing the filters are described, including grinding and polishing procedures for obtaining the desired uniformity of thicknesses of said layers.

Abstract: A Fourier transform hologram image is created on a sheet on the seal. The image is made, by making a die from the Fourier transform hologram image master plate and by molding resin on the die. The image formed on the sheet is reconstructed by an identification apparatus. The identification apparatus contains the laser emitting device and the screen for receiving the reflecting laser beam. The laser beam is illuminated vertically against the sheet from the laser emitting device. The laser beam reflected from the sheet surface is received by the screen, and the image of the sheet is reconstructed on the screen. At this time, it is possible to check whether the laser beam is reaching the sheet from an opening in the casing.

Abstract: A deflection device is provided which serves the purpose of deflecting optical radiation and is designed of at least one prism. The prism is provided with at least one reflection surface and is rotationally seated with respect to a rotational axis. In order to enable high speeds, the deflection device is designed of at least two prisms that have an essentially symmetrical mass distribution with respect to the rotational axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic solutions and devices manufactured therefrom. More precisely, the invention relates to electrochemichromic solutions, and those devices manufactured with the same, that demonstrate superior responsiveness to those solutions known heretofore when an applied potential is introduced thereto. That is, the responsiveness observed in terms of solution coloring is of a greater rapidity, intensity and uniformity than those electrochemichromic solutions of the prior art. Preparation of these solutions involve the novel process of pre-treating at least one of the electrochemichromic compounds with a redox agent prior to placing it in contact with the other electrochemichromic compound. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods of preparing such novel solutions and processes for using these solutions to provide devices that exhibit and benefit from the aforementioned superior characteristics.

Abstract: A lighting device for a vehicle includes a mechanism for preliminarily fitting a lens to an extension before it is firmly fitted to a housing of the lighting device. To assure that a lens fitting operation is easily achieved at a reduced cost, a fitting hole is formed through an auxiliary foot portion extending from a housing fitting foot portion of the lens. A boss in the form of a tapered pin-shaped projection extends from the extension at the position corresponding to that of the fitting hole. In addition, a flange portion is formed at the upper end of the extension. The lens fitting operation is performed by inserting the boss into the fitting hole while the flange portion is placed on the upper surface of one of the side walls defining a lens receiving groove formed at the upper end of the housing of the lighting device.

Abstract: Color optical output apparatus comprising a color dependent mirror and a pair of optical spacial modulator arrays arranged to deflect light incident thereon, the arrangement being such that an incident polychromatic beam is split by said mirror means into two spectral components, one directed to each array, and said mirror means is arranged also to receive and combine deflected beams from each array to produce a combined optical beam, the spectral response of the mirror means being the same during splitting and combining.

Abstract: In a deflection mirror housing for laser material-machining systems and a beam separating filter with such a deflection mirror housing, the housing is composed of two parts comprising a housing upper part (2) supporting a deflection mirror (6) and a housing lower part (1) in the form of a spherical cup, an inlet or outlet opening for the laser beam is provided in the housing lower part (1) formed as a spherical cup and in the housing upper part (2), the deflection mirror (6) is arranged in the housing upper part (2) to be removable from the outside without changing its adjustment, the center of the spherical cup lies in the mirror plane, and the deflection mirror (6) is adjustable by pivoting the housing upper part (2) with respect to the housing lower part (1).

Abstract: A semiconductor laser is inserted into a first hole of a fixing member. An optical system including a cylindrical lens barrel and a lens attached inside the lens barrel is inserted into a second hole in order to direct a light beam emitted from the semiconductor laser to a predetermined position. The first and second holes are formed to be opposite to each other and are arranged on the same axis. The semiconductor laser and the optical system inserted into the first and second holes, respectively, so as to be partly exposed are fixed by laser welding at entrances of the first and second holes. The fixing member is provided with a third hole vertically penetrating the second hole. An adhesive is filled into the third hole. Further, an adhesive is applied onto laser welding points at the entrance of the first hole.

Abstract: A high-contrast reflective display for use under high ambient light conditions for individuals wearing sunglasses and particularly polarized sunglasses includes a reflective target for a light emitting source of information to be displayed. The target is a relatively thin transparent polymeric film having a metalized rear reflective surface. The film, in a preferred embodiment, is a Mylar film having a thickness of from about 0.001-0.005 inches with a neutral density tint. The metal coating was aluminum vacuumed deposited on the film layer. The composite target can be adhered to a support using a suitable bonding adhesive applied to the metalized film.

Abstract: Semi-rimless and rimless eyeglass frame assemblies. The semi-rimless frame assembly includes an eyewire extending along the upper and side edges of a lens, a nose bridge, and a pair of endpiece assemblies. The endpiece assemblies have channels for receipt of the eyewire and the lens, and through holes on each side of the channels, aligned with apertures in the lens, for receipt of means to secure the lens to the frame assembly. The endpiece assemblies are pivotally connected to temples.

Abstract: An air powered motor 10, mounted inside an outer cover 11 to effect the movement of a mirror 12 in one or more axis 35. The pneumatic motor is coaxial with a threaded and pivoted rod 13 and contains a rotor or ring gear 14 with vanes 15 arrayed around the exterior of the gear. Pressurized air is introduced into the motor, against the vanes 15, causing a center piece or gear 16 to rotate about the operating rod 13 attached to a mirror mounting plate 17. As a result, the mirror rotates on its hinge 18. The direction of air flow from the fluid source can be reversed with a control valve, causing the mirror to rotate in the opposite direction. The mirror's rotation about its axis is controlled from a remote location, such as the cab of a large truck, by moving the air control valve.

Abstract: An optical controlling device has a light transmitting medium showing a low transmittance for specific light wavelength .lambda..sub.1 and a high transmittance for light wavelength .lambda..sub.2 around the light wavelength .lambda..sub.1, and a light emitting device emitting a light of light wavelength .lambda..sub.1 or .lambda..sub.2, and controls light intensity in accordance with changes in a controlled light through light irradiation and light transmission. An optical functional device has a light transmitting medium showing a low transmittance for specific light wavelength .lambda..sub.1 and a high transmittance for light wavelengths .lambda..sub.2 and .lambda..sub.3 around the wavelength .lambda..sub.1 (.lambda..sub.2 <.lambda..sub.1 <.lambda..sub.3), and a light emitting device changing wavelength while accompanying a generation of hysteresis dependent upon the quantity of current injection or light irradiation, and emitting a light having light wavelength .lambda..sub.1, .lambda..sub.2 or .