Abstract: In this disclosure there is described a novel method for using electrochemical etching to finely polish the surface of a (Hg,Cd)Te substrate resulting in a defect-free infrared detector with enhanced electronic properties. The fine surface polishing is obtained by etching at optimal levels of current density and electrolyte agitation.

Abstract: The blades for optical shutters of cameras, lenses or the like are obtained from a sheet made by electrodeposition, for example a nickel sheet. Thereby, subsequent working operations such as hammering, riveting may be carried out on the whole sheet. The sheet has a series of individual blades which are obtained on their peripheries by small lugs and which may be readily detached from the rest of the sheet.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuous electroplating of selected portions of the inside of elongate generally tubular metallic articles including a moving conveyor to receive the articles so the portion of article to be electroplated extends downwardly from the conveyor and is received in a receiver which shields the outside of the article whereby the portion to be electroplated is passed through at least one cell containing electroplating liquid as the conveyor moves and the portion of the article to be electroplated contacts the liquid in the cell wherein the processing liquid is agitated at at least sonic frequency enhance capillary action to effect contact of the liquid with the inner surface of the portion of the part exposed to the liquid.

Abstract: A process for producing a support for planographic printing is described, which comprises electrochemically graining the surface of an aluminum plate with an electrolytic solution containing from 1,000 to 40,000 ppm of nitric acid, from 50 to 4,000 ppm of sulfuric acid group.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing a desired thickness distribution on a stamping plate in a rotary electroforming process. The stamping plate is used to produce a high density information recording carrier. A shielding plate is detachably mounted adjacent a fixed anode in an electrochemical bath. Another shielding plate is detachably mounted adjacent the rotary cathode. During electroforming either or both shielding plates are put into position or removed at appropriate times to produce the desired thickness distribution.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, making a synthetic breakwater involves the steps of arranging flat, approximately parallel electrodes (20 and 22) which are approximately coextensive with one another, so that they are spaced from one another by electrically insulative materials (10) with a gap of from 3 cm to 27 cm. An electrical potential is applied across these electrodes to cause a current density flowing between the electrodes of not greater than 0.1 milliamps (ma) per cm.sup.2. In the preferred embodiment, the electrodes are spaced approximately 5 cm apart and a voltage of around 3 volts is applied thereacross. The flat cathode is of expanded electrically-conductive metal, with the anode being constructed of two materials, one of them being an outer casing (30) of lead.

Abstract: A device for continuously plating selected portions of objects including an electroplating bath, a conveyor disposed for movement above the electroplating bath where retainer devices are provided to be carried by the conveyor in spaced relation above the electroplating bath. The retainer devices include a base having a connector to connect the base to the conveyor so that the retainer is disposed between the conveyor and the electroplating bath where the base includes retaining device to releasably receive the object to be electroplated with the portion of the item to be electroplated extending downwardly from the bottom of the base to be received in the electroplating bath as the retainer moves with the conveyor.

Abstract: A method for electrolytic removal of a galvanic nickel, chromium or gold layer from a metal base of copper or copper alloy, which is carried out in a bath comprising sulphuric acid and phosphorous acid and/or an organic acid in a concentration, in which the potential of the outer layer is negative and that of the metal base is positive relative to the bath. With such conditions the outer layer will be electrolytically removed and the surface of the metal base gets passive. The removal is finished when the current through the bath decreases below a predetermined threshold value.The apparatus for carrying out the method comprises a current sensor for detecting the current, and if the current decreases below the threshold value, the sensor turns on a current breaker for breaking the current through the bath.

Abstract: An electrochromic material containing a hydrosoluble salt or a hydrosoluble mixture of salts of at least one metal cathodically depositable from an aqueous solution of its ions, an initially hydrosoluble film-forming polymer resin and water. The electrochromic material being able to develop by cathodic reduction of at least one depositable metal ion present within the electrochromic material metal marks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of decontaminating metal surfaces having a radioactive coating thereon where the coating contains metal ions. An aqueous decontamination solution containing at least one chelate is passed over the coating to solubilize the metals. The decontamination solution is then passed through a porous direct current electrode to reduce the metal ions in the solution and the decontamination solution is again passed over the coating. Also disclosed is an apparatus for decontaiminating metal surfaces coated with radioactive substances. The apparatus consists of a container means for holding an aqueous decontamination solution where the solution contains a chelate, a porous cathode through which the aqueous decontamination solution is passed, and means for circulating the aqueous decontamination solution between the container means, the porous cathode, and the metal surfaces.

Abstract: A method for continuously electrolytically processing a metal web in which the consumption rate of graphite electrodes is remarkably reduced. Auxiliary anodes made of a nonreactive material are provided separately from the graphite electrodes. One half of a symmetrical waveform is applied directly between the graphite electrodes, while for the other half of the waveform, a portion of the current is distributed through the auxiliary anodes. In this manner, the magnitude of the current contributing to a cathode reaction on the surfaces of the graphite electrodes is made larger than the magnitude of the current contributing to an anode reaction on the surfaces of the graphite electrodes, thereby reducing the consumption rate of the graphite electrodes.

Abstract: A cathode head assembly is provided for holding a matrix during electroforming of a replica on the surface of the matrix. The cathode head assembly has a support member with an outer diameter at least as large as the matrix to be replicated; a compressable seal member positioned about the outer diameter of the support member; an outer ring member having means for engaging the seal member and having an inside diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the support member and a means for locking the outer ring in a position when the seal is held against the outer ring in compressed sealing engagement with a matrix mounted on the support member.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for forming a 3D-shaped article, such as a die or mold, utilizing an electroforming process in which a metal layer is electroformed on an electroforming mold and removed therefrom to form the desired article. The removal is facilitated by mirror-finishing anodizing the shaped electroforming mold and thereafter anodizing to form an oxide film thereon. The electroforming apparatus utilizes a worktank having a first and a second region separated by a partition. The partition has a plurality of apertures which provide communication between the first region with the second region, the latter having an anodic electrode and a source of the electroforming metal. The electroforming mold supported by a shank is introduced into the first region and reciprocated longitudinally of the axis of the shank with a stroke not less than the dimension of the electroforming surface of the mold in the direction of that axis.

Abstract: A circuit board having a foil bonded to it and connected to serve as a cathode, faces an anode with an interposed shield of sections each of a plurality of horizontally disposed slats. The slats are uniformly spaced center to center, but upper sections of slats have a larger width in the vertical direction than slats of successively lower sections, so that the anode is more exposed in line-of-sight to the upper portions of the cathode foil than the lower sections. Therefore, in plating there is some compensation for the variation in voltage which occurs due to current flow from the upper connection of the cathode foil to the negative terminal. A sparger tube vertically oriented supports the slats. The tube is apertured between each slat and the apertures face the cathode. Electrolyte forced through the sparger tube and then through its openings serves to provide solution agitation for the cathode.

Abstract: Amorphous iron-phosphorus electroforms may be fabricated electrolytically from a plating bath which contains at least one compound from which iron can be electrolytically deposited, at least one compound which serves as a source of phosphorus such as hypophosphorous acid, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of glycine, .beta.-alanine, DL-alanine, and succinic acid. The electroforms can be fabricated over a very wide current density range. The stress in the plating can advantageously be further lowered by including in the bath at least one compound which serves as a source of sulfur, such as naphthalene trisulfonic acid or ferrous sulfate.

Abstract: A method of electrolytic treatment on the surface of metal web, such as may be employed to fabricate offset printing plates supports, in which the rate of consumption of graphite electrodes used with the process is remarkably reduced. A current having asymmetric positive and negative half cycles is applied between graphite electrodes disposed in a main cell. A portion of the current of the half cycle having the larger average value is applied to an auxiliary anode electrodes provided in an independent auxiliary cell separated from the graphite electrodes. The auxiliary electrode is made of an insoluble material. By making the current density for anode reaction on the surfaces of the graphite electrodes smaller than the current density for cathode reaction on the surfaces of the graphite electrodes, the consumption rate of the graphite electrodes is greatly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for aligning a plurality of rollers in a metal or metal alloy foil production line. The alignment system comprises a reference frame having a longitudinal dimension parallel to the direction of foil travel through the production line and an optical alignment system movably mounted to the frame. The optical alignment system comprises a laser beam generator, beam splitters and a mirror for generating an orthogonal reference frame for aligning each foil contacting roller in the production line.

Abstract: A method of closing a canal which has been formed in a wall of a component such as a heat exchanger for rocket combustion chamber walls comprises inserting an elongated filler into the canal so as to leave at least one end of the filler which projects out of the canal, filling the remaining space with an electrically conducting melting substance such as a wax, engaging the projecting end of the filler to pull it out of the substance in the canal and to leave the expanding chamber in the substance, an electroplating metalloplastic material onto the component to form a cover over the canal and the substance therein. Electroplating can be carried out without causing any heat which is produced thereby to affect an expansion in the canal which would disturb the electroplating or the formation of the component.

Abstract: A hollow multilayer printed wiring board and a process for manufacturing the same are provided. The hollow multilayer printed wiring board is comprised of a plurality of printed substrates, superposed upon each other with a predetermined space therebetween. Each of the substrate has a signal conductor pattern formed on at least one surface thereof and a land conductor pattern formed on at least one surface thereof. Each substrate has plated through holes in the land conductor pattern, each of which holes is in line with another plated through hole of at least one of the neighboring substrates to form a continuous through hole or an interstitial through hole. A layer of a low melting point metal is formed at least on the upper and lower end surfaces of each of the plated through holes. This layer serves as a through connection between two or more signal conductor patterns of the substrates and as an interlayer adhesion between the substrates.

Abstract: Improved orifice plates such as, fluid jet orifice plates, photoetching masks or the like, include a substrate of highly corrosion resistant metal and a layer of an amorphous metal alloy, such as, an amorphous nickel-phosphorus alloy or an amorphous cobalt phosphorus alloy, the alloy layer and substrate together defining a predetermined array of openings therein.