Abstract: Specularly reflected light from a convergence position on an object surface 31 enters a second critical-angle prism 14, another prism 15, and a first critical-angle prism 13 of a parallel beam selection optical system 20 in this order as a parallel beam traveling along the optical axis. The critical-angle prisms 13, 14 have critical angles of 45 degrees with respect to the wavelength of the light beam. Light beams other than the parallel light beam are removed at oblique surfaces 13a, 14a of the critical-angle prisms 13, 14, thereby allowing only the parallel light beam to exit as a regular light beam. This parallel beam is formed into a convergent light by a collimator lens 12, reflected by a half prism 11 and converged on an image pickup surface of an image pickup device 52. In this way, unnecessary noise light can be removed without placing a pin hole plate such as that placed before the image pickup plane in a confocal microscope.

Abstract: A confocal microscope has a specimen holding device for holding a specimen (18). The specimen (18) is illuminated by an illuminating unit (10). An optics unit (12) serves to direct radiation produced by the illuminating unit (10) toward the specimen (18) and to direct the radiation emitted by the specimen toward a detector unit (20). The confocal microscope also comprises an aperture diaphragm (34) that is placed in the beam path in front of the detector unit (20). In addition, a focusing lens (30) is provided in the beam path in front of the aperture diaphragm (34). The focusing lens (30) can be moved in order to adjust the confocal microscope, for example, in order to compensate for thermal stresses.

Abstract: Method for limiting the amount of radiation impinging on a radiation sensitive detector (RSD) responsive to signals having infrared wavelengths of approximately 3 to 14 microns. Method includes: directing radiation signal through prism toward RSD; permitting radiation signal to impinge upon RSD when radiation is below predetermined threshold; and directing radiation associated with radiation signal but of different wavelengths from signals of interest on path external to prism, to initiate limiting of radiation impinging upon RSD when predetermined threshold is exceeded. Also, Total Internal Reflection device including prism having thin film coated on back surface of prism. Material making up prism and thin film are selected so that, in presence of radiation having intensity less than certain threshold, refractive index of thin film is lower than that of prism, and when radiation has intensity higher than that certain threshold, refractive index of thin film is higher than that of prism.

Abstract: A beam-shaping element comprises a carrier substrate (1) bearing a thin-layer metallization which is structured for shaping the beam of optical radiation. The thin-layer metallization includes at least two metallic layers (2, 3), which, upon impingement of the optical radiation (4), react with each other accompanied by a permanent change in color in response to a certain intensity and/or an irradiation period of the optical radiation (4).

Abstract: A confocal optical scanner of Nipkow disk type for measuring a sample, in which each component of two or more color pigments, has a high reflection mirror for separating an excited light to be radiated onto the sample and a fluorescence emitted from the sample, wherein a reflectance of the high reflection mirror is from 80% to 100% in a measured wavelength region including at least an excited light wavelength region and a fluorescence wavelength region. Thereby, the confocal optical scanner capable of measuring a polychromatic fluorescent image at the same time is realized with the enhanced light receiving efficiency of fluorescence, using one high reflection mirror without using a plurality of dichroic mirrors by exchange.

Abstract: Magnifying binoculars configured for observing a magnified image of an object, includes a frame configured to be worn by a user, a pair of magnifying optical system units provided for left and right eyes of the user, respectively, each of the magnifying optical system units including a magnifying optical system for observing the magnified image of the object, and an optical path switching unit provided on an object side of each of the magnifying optical system units, the optical path switching unit including a movable mirror and a fixed mirror. The movable mirror is configured to be moved between an operating position on an optical path on the object side of the magnifying optical system unit and an evacuated position off the optical path. The fixed mirror is configured to deflect the optical path deflected by the movable mirror when the movable mirror is located on the operating position.

Abstract: The antiglare film proposed by the present invention has a light-diffusing layer in which fine resin particles are dispersed in a clear resin phase, wherein the fine resin particles comprise at least spherical fine resin particles and bowl-shaped fine resin particles having a concaved section at the particle center, and wherein the refractive index nx of the clear resin phase and the refractive index nz of the bowl-shaped fine resin particle satisfy the relationship expressed by formula (1) below. The light-diffusing layer may be provided on one surface of a clear base, and the irregular surface of the light-diffusing layer should preferably have an average roughness Ra of 0.1 to 1.0 ?m. nx?nz?0.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image observation microscope system includes an imaging unit that captures images focused at different object point distances in an optical axis direction and a display unit that displays a plurality of the images captured by the imaging unit for overlaid observation along the line of sight of a viewer as a three-dimensional image. The imaging unit includes an objective optical system that obtains an image of an object, a zoom optical system that controls the magnification of the image obtained by the objective optical system, and a plurality of image pickup devices that capture the images with a magnification controlled by the zoom optical system. Specified conditions related to focal length, numerical apertures, inclinations, magnifications and distances within the imaging unit and the display unit are satisfied.

Abstract: A telescope has a primary light mirror structure including a central base, and a concave primary mirror having a central opening in which the central base is received and extending radially outwardly from the central opening. The concave primary mirror has an inner margin adjacent to the central opening. A secondary light mirror structure includes a secondary mirror having a center and an outer periphery. The secondary mirror faces the concave primary mirror and the central base of the primary light mirror structure. A spider support extends between the inner margin of the concave primary mirror and the center of the secondary mirror facing the central base. The spider support does not extend to the outer periphery of the secondary mirror. The spider support has openings therethrough to permit light rays to pass between the secondary mirror and the central base of the primary light mirror structure.

Abstract: An in-vivo examination apparatus in which the examination angle can be changed while keeping an examination site in focus to carry out accurate in-vivo examination is provided. The in-vivo examination apparatus includes a stage on which a living organism is mounted, a measurement head that irradiates the living organism on the stage with light emitted from a light source and detects light returning from the living organism, and a rotation mechanism that rotates the measurement head about a fixed point on the stage.

Abstract: A microscope objective includes an objective sleeve including a first and a second sub-sleeve. A first lens is received in a first mounting ring, a second lens is received in a second mounting ring, a third lens is received in a third mounting ring, and a fourth lens is received in a fourth mounting ring. The first and second mounting rings are received in the first sub-sleeve and the third and fourth mounting rings are received in the second sub-sleeve.

Abstract: A portable altitude/azimuth telescope mount having an integral locator system with a magnetic encoder mechanism for facilitating location of astronomical objects and telescope positioning for observation thereof. A microprocessor receives signals from the encoder mechanism and translates such into position data for display. The locator system also includes a database of astronomical objects, including their locations and other relevant information. The mount is preferably provided with a drive mechanism adapted to allow for automatically or manually positioning the telescope to view astronomical objects and for automatically repositioning or steering the telescope in order to track the astronomical objects during extended viewing. When moved manually, components of the drive act as a clutch mechanism that effectively disengages the drive motor to avoid damage. An instance of the drive may be provided for each axis of movement.

Abstract: A microscope includes a microscope arm having an interior and an exterior surface. The interior surface has at least one recessed portion disposed therein extending from the interior surface of the microscope arm to an inner recess surface of the microscope arm. The recessed portion forms a surface for gripping the microscope. A portion of the recessed portion is, preferably, disposed above the stage and below the objective turret of the microscope. The recessed portion may comprise a textured surface for increasing the static coefficient of friction thereof.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a light source, a light guide disposed on one side of the light source, a reflector disposed under the light guide, a lower diffuser disposed on the light guide, and a brightness enhancement film, which is disposed on the lower diffuser and includes a main part and several prism structures disposed side by side on a main part plane of the main part. Each prism structure includes first to third triangular prisms. The second triangular prism is adjacent to one side of the first triangular prism, and an adjacent angle adjacent to a base angle of the first triangular prism is a right angle. The third triangular prism is adjacent to another side of the first triangular prism, and an adjacent angle adjacent to another base angle of the first triangular prism is a right angle.

Abstract: An image-inverting prism device with double use for a telescope includes a prism contained in a housing formed of two semi-housings. The housing has a first end for connecting a lens, the first end being provided with three different diameter threaded stepped surfaces. The housing has a second end provided with a male threaded surface. The prism device further has a small lens tube, a changeover tube, a large lens tube, so when the image-inverting prism device is to be combined with a telescope with a large lens or a small lens, the changeover tube is used for connecting a large cylinder or a small cylinder of a telescope, and a large lens or a small lens respectively engaging with different diameter threaded stepped surfaces so that the image-inverting prism device may be use with both a telescope of a large lens and a small lens.

Abstract: An interior mirror (01) for a motor vehicle having a carrier arm (06) which can be mounted in the vehicle and having an adjustment mechanism (04) which is adjustably mounted on the carrying arm (06), whereby a wedge mirror glass (03) is directly or indirectly mounted on the adjustment mechanism (04) and whereby the wedge mirror glass (03) is adjustable between a normal position and an anti-glare position by operation of the adjustment mechanism (04) and whereby a drive mechanism (05) is provided for operation of the adjustment mechanism (04). At least one elastic tension element (31) is provided in the interior mirror (01); with this tension element, the adjustment mechanism (04) is put under elastic tension in the normal position and/or in the anti-glare position.

Abstract: A tilting system for an observation device, in particular for a microscope, with at least one objective device and at least one optical device for passing at least one beam path from an entrance region to an exit region of the tilting system is described, wherein the optical device has at least one optical element in the form of a prism for tilting and for image reversion of the beam path as well as for guiding it further into at least one ocular device. According to the invention, a particularly cost-favorable and structurally simple configuration of the tilting system with a mechanical structural length that is simultaneously as small as possible is provided by configuring the optical elements for tilting the beam path as well as at least one prism for image reversion in a special way and by arranging them in a specific manner relative to one another in the beam path. In addition, an observation device with a corresponding tilting system is described.

Abstract: A stereo microscope includes two oculars mounted at one end of a housing and an objective lens mounted at an opposite end of the housing. Between the opposite ends of the housing is a rotatably mounted lens magnification changer with three series of bores extending diametrically therethrough. For each ocular, a line of sight extends to a prism assembly, through one of the bores of a series which contains a lens assembly and through the objective lens. Both lines of sight lie in a common plane. A LED light source is located adjacent the objective lens. Light entering through the objective lens and one of the series of bores in the lens magnification changer is received by a digital camera.

Abstract: An optical system is provided for creating a mosaic image of a large field of view through a microscope at fast refresh rates of about 25 Hz with a high resolution that is free of blurring or aberrations. The optical system includes an objective lens assembly (20), an iris (30), one or more scanning mirrors (40) for high-speed scanning, one or more imaging lenses and irises (50, 60, 80), and a high-speed imaging device (70) arranged in that order from an object. The optical system also includes a mechanism for processing and constructing scanned and captured images into a mosaic image.

Abstract: A common-aperture, multispectral device uses a folded beamsplitter to simultaneously image near infrared (NIR) and long wave infrared (LWIR) spectral bands. The folded-path optical design makes the sensor extremely compact and lightweight without compromising the F/# or field of view. The design is split into two channels; a NIR channel and a LWIR channel. A Zinc Sulfide environmental window provides the input to the device. The input first is split into the two channels via a Germanium (Ge) beam-splitter. For the NIR Channel, the input is focused directly onto a faceplate through a series of optics. For the LWIR Channel, the input is focused onto the Ge window via a folded design including a first Ge lens, a fold mirror, and then a second Ge lens. From the faceplate of the NIR channel and the Ge window of the LWIR channel, the input is then processed by respective focal planes.