Abstract: A substantially gas tight tank cover is designed such that the structural beams of the cover serve also as an air distribution system for bubbling air through a liquid in the tank. Vertically oriented gas bubbler and orifice devices include hardware enabling easy access to the orifice and bubbler from the top of the tank cover. The design is such that all necessary maintenance including major repairs can be performed from the cover without draining the basin or removing the cover. The system is particularly adaptable to sewage treatment plants, but is advantageous for other applications as well, wherein gases are to be bubbled through liquids at multiple locations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a random packing element for use in exchange process apparatus, for example. The packing element features bowed strips and projections to provide an abundant supply of liquid flow surfaces, drip points and gas flow-through passages to enhance the interfacing of fluids in the exchange process packing bed, with various shapes for the packing element achieved by selecting the pattern of bowing of the strips and the attachment areas. The packing element also displays strips shortened to prevent collapse of the packing element, and ribs for strengthening the strips, projections and attachment areas.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for introducing steam into an airstream in an HVAC system includes a supply header, steam dispersing structure and structure for collecting condensation from the steam dispersing structure. The supply header is adapted for connection to a source of steam and is preferably elevated with respect to the return header, so that condensation in the supply header and steam dispersing structure is forced into the return header under the influence of steam pressure and gravity. One embodiment of the invention presents a pair of streamlined jackets on one or more of the dispersion tubes that reduce heat loss to the air stream, thereby reducing the amount of condensate that is formed. The jackets are streamlined to minimize turbulence and static pressure loss.

Abstract: A carburetor of the slide and metering rod type is characterized by the provision of an adjusting screw assembly which has an audible sound feature resulting in a click every quarter revolution of the carburetor adjusting screw. With this clicking, the carburetor can be precisely adjusted by merely counting the number of clicks in either a clockwise or a counterclockwise rotation.

Abstract: Processess and apparatus are provided to generate and use continuous and controlled liquid film for industrial and commercial applications requiring fluid-liquid contacts. In one version, a housing has a bottom and a tray mounted therein. The tray separates an upper section for holding liquid from a lower section for liquid-fluid interaction. Uniformly spaced, thin, straight film guides in close proximity extend downwardly from the tray towards the bottom. A narrow slit is formed in the tray along each line of film guides for enabling liquid in the upper section to flow to the lower section in the form of a flowing liquid curtain. The fluid can be a gas entering and exiting the housing through ports provided therein. In a preferred embodiment, a vertically extending tubular member is mounted centrally within several closed loops of film guides and extends through the tray. An adjustable sleeve is mounted on top of the tubular member and the tops of the film guides are secured to this sleeve.

Abstract: An apparatus for gas-liquid contact in which tubular structure fillers having a cross section of any of various shapes and having straight tubular portions are arranged in a substantially vertical direction in the form of plural steps so that the gas-liquid contact surfaces of the fillers may be parallel with the flow of the gas,the apparatus for gas-liquid contact being characterized in that the gas-liquid contact surfaces comprise rough surface portions, porous surface portions, meshes or plates to which meshes adhere, or there is interposed, between the plural steps of the fillers, a dispersing plate for receiving the liquid downward coming from the site above the fillers, dispersing the liquid, and allowing the liquid to downward flow.

Abstract: Air grid systems for distributing a gas within treatment systems such as underdrain filters and contact clarifiers is disclosed. The air grid is supported from above so that it can be lowered into position and thus modified or repaired. Additionally, this feature permits retrofitting an air grid into an existing system, such as an underdrain filter, in which the bed of media overlying the underdrain is not upset by the installation. Thus, methods of installing or retrofitting air grid systems are also disclosed. In another aspect of the present invention, the air grid is comprised of an air manifold connected to air laterals by a spreader conduit that is inserted through a smooth bore in the walls of the manifold, thereby providing a simple and easy to manufacture structure that avoids problems found in prior art components.

Abstract: An evaporative humidifier includes a base having a portion defining a reservoir for holding a quantity of water. A housing is mounted on the base over the reservoir, the housing having an air inlet and an air outlet. A cylindrically shaped wick filter is seated in the reservoir and extends up into the housing, the cylindrically shaped wick filter having an open top end and a sidewall. A fan is mounted inside the housing for drawing air into the housing through the air inlet, then into the center of the cylindrically shaped wick filter through the open top end, then out through the sidewall of the cylindrically shaped wick filter and then out of the housing through the air outlet. A heater is also mounted inside the housing for heating the air drawn into the housing prior to passage through the cylindrically shaped wick filter.

Abstract: An integrated spray header tray assembly (18) for a wet flue gas desulfurization spray tower (10) wherein a series of spray headers (22) having opposed nozzles (26) for desulfurizing spray are located along a perforated plate (24) acting as one set of baffles (30) while a second set of baffles (32) positioned perpendicularly thereto forms a baffled tray with the perforated plate (24) and headers (22) while allowing the introduction of desulfurizing spray from the header nozzles (22) parallel to the perforated tray (24).

Abstract: An air-treating article for dispensing a volatilizable material, such as air freshener fragrance, into the atmosphere of an enclosed area, such as an automobile interior. The device includes a housing and a reservoir of the volatilizable material therein, and also includes a dual-configured, articulating attachment clip which enables attachment of the device at a high-air-flow station, such as the forced air vent grille of the automobile, or at a low-air-flow station, such as the sun visor of the vehicle. The device enables use of the consistent delivery rates of a low-density polyethylene membranes while at the same producing a higher delivery rate than normally achieved with such membranes.

Abstract: A fuel sensing diaphragm and an air sensing diaphragm apply opposing forces to a transfer member. The forces applied by the fuel sensing diaphragm are based upon the flow rate of fuel, and the forces applied by the air sensing diaphragm are based upon the air flow rate through a venturi. The fuel sensing diaphragm, transfer member, and air sensing diaphragm move together as a control unit which controls the amount of free air allowed to enter an air chamber. Free air in the air chamber is bled off across a vacuum orifice connected to a vacuum port below the throttle plate. The air chamber is in fluid communication with a regulator air chamber. The regulator air chamber is separated from a regulator fuel chamber by a regulator diaphragm and plunger. The regulator diaphragm and plunger operates a fuel inlet ball valve which controls the flow of fuel.

Abstract: A tamper resistant limit cap for a carburetor having manual adjust valves that are able to adjust the effective area of the main fuel passage and the slow speed fuel passage. The cap covers tightly on the head part of the main fuel adjust valve and includes a flange attached to the outside of the cap that abuts a stop upon rotation of the cap, a guide flange attached to the outside of the cap to locate, upon installation, the final position of the cap, and two projections on the inside of cap to prevent removal of the cap from valve head part or independent rotation of the cap and head part relative to each other.

Abstract: An improved tower saddle packing having a general shape that is a segment of a hollow torus. The circumferential outer edges of the saddle define a plurality of radially, outwardly extending convex lobes. The lobes and wing portions preferably have weep holes to effectual wetting of all surfaces of the saddle. The hub of the saddle has in one aspect a plurality of apertures extending substantially across the hub. The saddle provides improved gas-liquid interaction, permits enhanced gas throughput in an absorption tower and allows for reduced tower packing sections.

Abstract: A system for humidifying an air stream comprising an array of fogger nozzles supplied with air and water by a grid of supply tubes, feedback means connected to the grid of air supply tubes and coupled to the pressure regulating means for the air and water supply tubes, for establishing a predetermined pressure differential between the grids of air and water supply tubes.

Abstract: A liquid-vapor contact device having a plate-like body provided with a central section formed of expanded metal construction. The expanded metal construction provides slit-like openings for the vapor to ascend through the plate-like body and mix with liquid traversing the plate-like body. Tongue-like flow deflectors associated with the openings impart momentum to the vapor in a flow direction taken from inlet and outlet segments of the plate-like body. A plurality of elongated members overlie the central segment of the plate-like body. The plurality of the elongated members define channels running from the inlet and outlet segments which are preferably outwardly curved to ensure complete liquid distribution across the plate-like body. In addition, flow impedance members in the form of cut and bent tabs impede the flow of liquid across the plate-like body while flinging liquid against side surfaces of the elongated members to produce a falling film and therefore a secondary mechanism for liquid-vapor contact.

Abstract: A fogging system and fogger bar assembly are disclosed wherein a plurality of foggers are mounted on an array and operatively connected to air and primary water lines. A second water line is introduced in parallel with the primary water lines to provide an equalization of pressure in the primary water lines and dampen vibrations from the foggers. Check valves are used near the foggers to reduce the feedback of undesirable shocks and noise from the foggers into the primary water lines. A system is described wherein a plurality of pressure regulators are used to supply the same pressure to primary water lines in a system where a plurality of fogger bar assemblies are used in a vertical orientation.

Abstract: A liquid agent evaporator includes a sealed container accommodating a liquid agent therein and having a generally flat upper internal face and a vapor outlet, a carrier gas feeder for feeding the carrier gas into the sealed container, and a carrier gas blower provided in the upper internal surface of the sealed container for blowing the carrier gas fed from the carrier gas feeder so that the blown carrier gas comes into contact with substantially the entirety of the upper internal surface of the sealed container. The carrier gas blower is provided, for example, at the center of the upper internal surface of the sealed container and blows the carrier gas radially at an initial velocity directed at least to the upper internal surface side of the sealed container. The carrier gas blower can include a gas blow tube which is communicated with a gas feed tube and has a plurality of gas outlets formed on the top face side of the gas blow tube.

Abstract: A liquid vaporizing apparatus includes a container for holding a liquid at a constant temperature with a temperature adjustment unit and a gas that does not react with the liquid is bubbled through the liquid in the container to vaporize the liquid. The container for holding the liquid has an internal space above the liquid and a second temperature adjustment unit for controlling the temperature of the internal space separately from the temperature of the liquid in the container. Since the internal space is maintained at a constant temperature, higher than the temperature of the liquid, the quantity of the vaporized liquid produced is stable.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for inhibiting the accumulation of bacteria within a humidifier includes a primary water path for directing water directly from a water source to a humidifier during its operation. When the humidifier is shut-down for a cleaning operation, water is directed through a bacteria-removing device before entering the humidifier. Water contact surfaces within the humidifier are preferably lined with copper to further inhibit bacterial growth.

Abstract: Controlled mixture formation.