Abstract: Described are dual mass-spectrometry-cleavable cross-linkers that can be cleaved selectively using two differential tandem mass-spectrometric techniques such as collision induced dissociation (CID) or electron transfer dissociation (ETD), i.e., a dual cleavable crosslinking technology (DUCCT) cross-linker. When used to cross-link a macromolecule, such as a peptide, MS/MS fragmentation produces two signature complementary mass spectra of same cross-linked peptides, the analysis of which gives rise to high confidence in characterizing the structures of the cross-linked macromolecules as well as sites of interactions. Also described, are methods of making and using DUCCT cross-linkers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an amorphous solid form of compound (S)—N-[5-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-4,6-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-1-yl]acetamide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2-(3-(3-(2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-6-yl)propan-2-ol, which is useful as a GABA receptor modulator. In one embodiment, said compound is useful in the treatment of pain, neuropathic pain and/or itch.

Abstract: The present specification provides crystalline forms of 4-[3-(3-[(cyclopropylamino)methyl]azetidine-1-carbonyl)-4-fluorobenzyl]phthalazin-1(2H)-one hydrochloride, methods of preparing the same, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns use of compounds of formula I, or salts thereof, as reactive matrices for desorption and laser ablation ionization spectrometry. The disclosure further concerns compounds of formula II, or salts thereof, and use of compounds of formula II or III, or salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides heterocyclic compounds with quaternary centers and methods of preparing compounds. Methods include the method for the preparation of a compound of Formula (II): comprising treating a compound of Formula (I): with a transition metal catalyst and under alkylation conditions as valence and stability permit.

Abstract: Improved methods for preparing chemical precursors to sulfonyl chloride III, which are important intermediates in the preparation of pyroxsulam herbicide are provided. Specifically, these precursors are compounds of Formulas VII and/or VIII, and IX, wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl, R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl, X is Cl or OH, Y is halogen, OH, or OR2, and R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl.

Abstract: Improved processes for the preparation of tubulysin compounds, tubulysin drug linker compounds, and their intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: In certain aspects, the invention provides crystalline forms of ivacaftor N-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide. In related aspects, the invention provides a process for preparing any one of crystalline forms S2, S3, S4 and S5 of ivacaftor. The process includes: forming a solution including crude ivacaftor and a solvent; adding an anti-solvent to the solution to form slurry including a precipitate; isolating the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to provide crystalline form S2, S3, S4, or S5 of ivacaftor.

Abstract: A material which promotes ammonia metabolism in the body, as well as a material which has excellent ammonia metabolism improving effect and is effective for endurance enhancement and anti-fatigue are provided. An ammonia metabolism promoting agent, comprising catechins as an active ingredient. An agent for preventing or ameliorating hyperammonemia, hepatic encephalopathy or chronic fatigue syndrome, comprising catechins compound as an active ingredient. An ammonia metabolism promoting agent, an endurance enhancing agent and an anti-fatigue agent, comprising catechins, citrulline and arginine as active ingredients.

Abstract: The present inventions concerns use of a specific methoxyacrylate compound to control mosquitoes, and vector control products comprising that methoxyacrylate compound, in particular the invention relates to a substrate, to a composition, for controlling mosquitoes, and to a specific methoxyacrylate compound, processes for the synthesis of mosquitocidal methoxyacrylate compounds and new intermediates.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods of treating or ameliorating various conditions by the administration of a BCN057, BCN512 or analogs of these compounds. The compounds can be used to reduce tumor burden in cancers, including pancreatic cancer and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. The compounds can also be used to protect against chemotherapy induced toxicity to the GI tract. Further, they can be used to treat fibrosis and various inflammatory conditions. Analogs of BCN057 and BCN512 are also described.

Abstract: Selective potassium channel agonists and methods of use thereof are disclosed. A compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having a formula I wherein R1 is H or optionally-substituted alkyl; R2 is optionally-substituted C1-C6 alkyl or optionally-substituted cyclopropyl; R3 and R4 are each independently H or optionally-substituted alkyl; R5 is H, optionally-substituted alkyl, acyl, or alkoxycarbonyl; R6 and R7 are each independently H, optionally-substituted alkyl, or R6 and R7 together form a carbocycle; R8 is substituted phenyl or optionally-substituted pyridinyl, provided that if R8 is substituted phenyl, then R2 is optionally-substituted cyclopropyl; and R9, R10 and R11 are each independently H, halo, or optionally-substituted alkyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cost-effective process for catalytic conversion of simple C6-based sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and industrial-grade sugar syrups derived from starch (such as different grades of High Fructose Corn Syrup) and cellulosic biomass to 5-HydroxyMethylFurfural (5-HMF) in a continuous-flow tubular reactor in bi-phasic media using inexpensive heterogeneous solid catalysts. Commercial and synthesized heterogeneous solid catalysts were used and their activities in terms of sugar conversion and HMF selectivity and yield were compared. Continuous dehydration of fructose, glucose and industrial-grade sugar syrups derived from corn and wood to HMF was achieved and the stability of selected catalysts and feasibility of catalyst recycling and regeneration were demonstrated.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of treating narcolepsy with cataplexy, comprising administering reboxetine to a human being in need thereof. Reboxetine may also be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Also disclosed herein are kits comprising a pharmaceutical composition comprising reboxetine and instructions to use the pharmaceutical composition to treat narcolepsy with cataplexy in a human being.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4a, R4b and R5 are described herein, or a stereoisomer, enantiomer or tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, are described herein, as well as other compounds. These compounds are useful in treating inflammation and/or pain. Compositions comprising a compound of the invention are also disclosed, as are methods of using the compounds to treat inflammation and/or pain.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds, salts, crystalline forms, and pharmaceutical compositions that are related to thiobutyrate compounds, such as Compound (1) and its salts (such as sodium, potassium, and calcium salt), as well as methods of preparing the same. Also provided herein are methods of using the compounds, salts, crystalline forms, and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of diseases or disorders, such as gout and hyperuricemia.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a compound of Formula C, Formula D, or Formula F: wherein each R1, R2, and R3 is independently H, SF5, N(C1-C8 alkyl)(C1-C8 alkyl), C(?S)N(C1-C8 alkyl)(C1-C8 alkyl), SO2N(C1-C8 alkyl)(C1-C8 alkyl), OSO2(C1-C8 alkyl), OSO2N(C1-C8 alkyl)(C1-C8 alkyl), N(C1-C8 alkyl)SO2(C1-C8 alkyl), or C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 haloalkyl, C2-C8 alkenyl, C2-C8 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C3-C10 halocycloalkyl, C4-C10 alkylcycloalkyl, C4-C10 cycloalkylalkyl, C6-C14 cycloalkylcycloalkyl, C5-C10 alkylcycloalkylalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkenyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, C1-C8 haloalkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkoxy, C3-C8 halocycloalkoxy, C4-C10 cycloalkylalkoxy, C2-C8 alkenyloxy, C2-C8 alkynyloxy, C1-C8 alkylthio, C1-C8 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8 alkylsulfonyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylthio, C3-C8 cycloalkylsulfinyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylsulfonyl, C4-C10 cycloalkylalkylthio, C4-C10 cycloalkylalkylsulfinyl, C4-C10 cycloalkylalkylsulfonyl, C2-C8 alkenylthio, C2-C8 alkenylsulfinyl, C2-C8 alkenylsulfonyl, C2-C8 alkynylthio, C2-C8 a

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vascular or cardiac valvular calcification, containing a thiamine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a food composition for alleviating vascular or cardiac valvular calcification, containing a thiamine derivative or a salt thereof, and the compositions of the present invention can be effectively used for a use of preventing, treating or alleviating vascular or cardiac valvular calcification.