Abstract: A protective coating on a metal surface comprises a particulate material produced by a method including heating an animal skeletal material to a temperature of at least 1000° C. for a time sufficient to convert at least part of the calcium carbonate in the skeletal material to calcium oxide and produce a calcined product; and then contacting at least part of the calcined product with water to produce the particulate material containing calcium hydrate.

Abstract: Chromium plating from the trivalent state is relatively environmentally friendly as compared to a hexavalent chromium bath. Incorporation of non-metallic and metalloid elements into the coating should lead to enhanced properties. The relationship between composition, structure, and properties of annealed Cr—C—P layers electrodeposited from chromium-based trivalent baths is discussed. These coatings are amorphous in the as-deposited state, but upon thermal treatments, chromium nanocrystallization, as well as precipitation of carbides and phosphides occurs. Incorporation of phosphorous strongly influences the structural evolution and mechanical properties. Electroplated Cr—C alloy coatings exhibit significant increases in hardness and strength, when exposed to temperatures up to about 600° C., owing to the evolution of their nanostructure. This evolution can be shifted to higher temperatures (approaching 850° C.), through a ternary addition of phosphorous.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapour-deposition material for the production of optical layers of high refractive index which comprises titanium oxide and ytterbium oxide in a molar ratio of from 4:1 to 1:4, to a process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A method for optically coupling a thermoplastic material to an outer surface layer of an organic, dielectric, optical film and the resulting optical filter. Initially, a dielectric film is selected that includes (i) repeating optical layers of at least two polymers having different refractive indexes from each other, (ii) an exterior film surface, (iii) a refractive boundary along the exterior film surface, and (iv) a delamination threshold based on total thermal energy delivered to the film. A thermoplastic material which is miscible with the exterior film surface is fused to the refractive boundary with thermal energy below the delamination threshold to form a polydisperse region having a higher optical transmission than the refractive boundary. Add-on filters in the form of hardcoat layers, anti-reflection layers, holograms, metal dielectric stacks and combinations of these may be combined with the thermoplastic-film construct.

Abstract: A composite structure including a substrate and a heat protection element on the substrate, wherein the heat protection element includes a quasicrystalline aluminium alloy of one or a number of quasicrystalline phases which are either quasicrystalline phases in the strict sense, or approximating phases, wherein the quasicrystalline phases exhibit a thermal diffusivity, measured at ambient temperature, lower than 2.5×10−6 m2/s, and a thermal diffusivity measured in the temperature range 650-750° C.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride sintered body has characteristics such that an amount of total metal elements other than aluminum is smaller than 100 ppm, and a volume resistivity at room temperature is greater than 1.0×109 &OHgr;·cm and is smaller than 1.0×1013 &OHgr;·cm. A metal including member has such a construction that a metal member is embedded in the aluminum nitride sintered body mentioned above. An electrostatic chuck is made by the metal including member mentioned above. In the metal including member mentioned above in which the metal member is embedded in the aluminum nitride sintered body mentioned above, a volume resistivity thereof can be controlled without adding a low resistance material in aluminum nitride.

Abstract: An article is described, which includes a metal-based substrate, such as a superalloy; a dense, primary bond layer; and a spongy secondary bond layer. A thermal barrier coating is applied over the secondary bond layer. The spongy layer has a microstructure which includes an open network of interconnected pores. A process is also described. It includes the step of applying a spongy, metallic bond layer over the substrate, followed by the application of a thermal barrier coating. A dense, primary bond layer may optionally be applied before the application of the spongy layer.

Abstract: A galvannealed steel sheet having excellent powdering resistance during press forming and excellent chipping resistance in cold environments. The steel sheet has the following chemical composition, by weight, of C: up to 0.01%, Si: 0.03 to 0.3%, Mn: 0.05 to 2%, P: 0.017 to 0.15%, Al: 0.005 to 0.1%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.1%, Nb: up to 0.1 %, B: up to 0.005%, balance: Fe and incidental impurities. The average grain size of the surface of the base metal of the galvannealed steel sheet is 12 .mu.m or less and the steel sheet is useful in the manufacture of automobiles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a first gypsum-based composite article reinforced with glass fibers. This first article has a first member made of a hard gypsum, a second member made of a soft gypsum, and a mat made of the glass fibers. The mat is embedded in the article in a manner that the first and second members are bonded together by means of the mat. This first article is superior in resistance to external force acting thereon and to severe environmental conditions, even if the gypsumbased article is light in weight and thin in thickness. The invention further relates to a second gypsum-based composite article having a base plate, a glass fiber mat bonded to the base plate, and a gypsum layer formed on the glass fiber mat such that glass fibers of the glass fiber mat are embedded in the gypsum layer. This second article also has superior characteristics as those of the first article.

Abstract: A glass circuit substrate wherein nuclei of Pd (palladium) are placed on a glass substrate and a plating layer of Pd--P (palladium--phosphorus) is placed on the nuclei. A fabrication method of the glass circuit substrate comprises steps of forming nuclei of Pd on a glass substrate; and therefore forming a plating layer of Pd--P on the nuclei.

Abstract: This invention solves the problem of a pasted SOI substrate generating voids in the peripheral part thereof and consequently decreasing the number of devices to be derived therefrom. It concerns a method for the production of a SOI substrate obtained by pasting a first Si substrate possessing a SiO.sub.2 surface and a second substrate possessing a Si surface on the SiO.sub.2 surface and the Si surface, which method comprises washing the Si surface of the second Si substrate, thereby imparting hydrophobicity to the Si surface before the first Si substrate and the second Si substrate are pasted together.

Abstract: A device contains at least one sample preparation site for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. Included in the device is a first layer of silicon dioxide that serves as a substrate, a layer of silicon overlying the substrate, a second layer of silicon dioxide deposited on the silicon layer, and a continuous trench that circumscribes a sample preparation site for TEM analysis. The trench extends through the second layer of silicon dioxide and the layer of silicon; that portion extending through the silicon dioxide layer is wider than the portion through the silicon layer. In a process for forming a device containing at least one sample preparation site for TEM analysis, a layer of silicon is formed on a silicon dioxide substrate that is optionally attached to a silicon handle. A second layer of silicon dioxide is formed on the silicon layer, and a mask forming a continuous trench is etched in the second silicon dioxide layer.

Abstract: A door has an outer skin and an inner skin with a frame along the edges of the outer skin and inner skin to hold the door skins apart to form a hollow space therebetween. A rigid space core filler or spacer is used in the hollow portion to provide structural support between the pair of outer skins. The spacer has a first and second elongated members each oriented perpendicular to the outer skins and a plurality of rigid cross-spacers coupled to an extending between the first elongated member and the second elongated member. The rigid space cores are formed by gluing strips of flexible material between layers of rigid materials so that the rigid materials are held together and separated the length of the flexible material to form a first assembly. The first assembly formed is cut across the layers of material and through the rigid layers. An adhesive is applied to the top edges of this assembly and is placed between a pair of rigid layers to form a second assembly.

Abstract: The exothermic instrument for firing an explosive comprises a circuit board 1 having a heat resist layer 6 on a substrate 11 and an exothermic resistance 4, which connects to a pair of through hole conductive electrodes 13 passing through the substrate 11, contacting with the explosive 19 on the heat resist layer 6, a pair of electrode pins 8, each one thereof is inserted into each one of the through hole conductive electrodes, and an insulator for holding the circuit board 1 through which the electrode pins 8 pass.

Abstract: A sheet laminate for use in a press lay-up between printed circuit board panels having a metal substrate layer and a copper foil layer disposed on at least one surface of the substrate layer. The foil layer is attached onto the surface of the substrate layer by a plurality of metal-to-metal bonds disposed along the boundary of the foil layer such that gaps are defined between the bonds.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a novel directed metal oxidation process which is utilized to produce self-supporting bodies. In some of the more specific aspects of the invention, a parent metal (e.g., a parent metal vapor) is induced to react with at least one solid oxidant-containing material to result in the directed growth of a reaction product which is formed from a reaction between the parent metal and the solid oxidant-containing material. The inventive process can be utilized to form bodies having substantially homogeneous compositions, graded compositions, and macrocomposite bodies.In a preferred embodiment, the reaction product may be chemically modified or a different reaction product may be coated thereon. Specifically, once a first reaction product is formed on a solid oxidant-containing material, the formed body may be exposed to a vapor-phase parent metal different from the first parent metal.

Abstract: A jointed member, such as a tappet, obtained by brazing a disc which is ceramic member, and a tappet body which is a metal member, to each other by a brazing layer, the jointed member includes a reaction layer formed on the surface of the metal member adjacent to the brazing material and having a thickness of not less than 5 .mu.m, wherein the reaction layer contains, in addition to main elements forming the metal member, Cu in the range of 0.5 weight % to 8 weight % and Si in the range of 0.5 weight % to 8 weight %.

Abstract: A metal material having a photocatalytic activity which comprises an anodized layer and a thin layer containing titanium oxide powder which are heat treated are sequentially laminated on the surface of a substrate comprising metal material including titanium. By anodically oxidizing the metal material including titanium, an anodized layer is formed on the surface thereof. A thin layer containing titanium oxide powder is further coated on this surface, and heat treatment is carried out before and/or after forming this thin layer containing titanium oxide powder.

Abstract: The article in accordance with the invention is a corrosion and erosion resistant article having good release characteristics which includes a metal body having a first surface thereon and a base coat adhering to the first surface. The base coat comprises at least one layer of inorganic particulate material bonded to the first surface. A second coat adheres to the base coat. That second coat comprising a cured coating of solid particulate lubricant in a phosphate/chromate metal ion solution. The invention also includes a corrosion and erosion resistant coating having good release characteristics which includes a base coat, the base coat comprising at least one layer of inorganic particulate material bonded to the first surface; and a second coat adhering to the base coat. The second coat comprises a cured coating of solid particulate lubricant in a phosphate/chromate metal ion solution.

Abstract: A decorative multi-colored material and method of making same using rainbow gratings simultaneously evidence different color patterns which change through the color spectrum. The patterns are formed from separate impressions from different portions of a common rainbow grating to provide color differentiation. The multi-colored material may be used for a variety of applications, for example, decorative package wrappings, stickers, product enhancement and the like.