Abstract: A photocathode emitter as a source of electron beams, having an optically transmissive substrate patterned to define a protrusion, heat conducting material occupying the space surrounding the protrusion, and a photoemitter layer over the protrusion. The photoemitter is positioned on the side of the substrate opposite the surface on which the illumination is incident, and has an irradiation region at the contact with the top of the protrusion patterned on the substrate, and an emission region opposite the irradiation region, these regions being defined by the path of the illumination. The heat conducting material around the protrusion conducts heat away from this focused region of illumination on the photocathode to allow higher currents to be achieved from the photocathode and thus permits higher throughput rates in applications including electron beam lithography. In one version, the photocathode is fabricated using microfabrication techniques, to achieve a small emission spot size.

Abstract: A shadow mask for a cathode ray tube includes a surface hardening layer and a solid-solution and precipitation hardening layer formed under the surface hardening layer.

Abstract: A field emission display having a plurality of cathodes; a cathodoluminescent anode; a plurality of control electrodes for controlling the flow of electrons between the cathodes and the anode; a focus grid comprising an apertured, conductive sheet; and a dielectric material is disposed on the focus grid between the conductive sheet and the control electrodes. With such an arrangement, the dielectric material prevents the focus grid from electrically contacting the control electrodes. Further, it has been discovered that high angle electrons emitted by each pixel are inhibited from passing through the focus grid associated with an adjacent pixel to reduce cross-talk. It is believed that surface charge forms on the dielectric material and acts as an additional focusing structure that reduces the number of high angle electrons emitted from one pixel from passing through an adjacent focus grid aperture resulting in a “cross-talk” image on the cathode.

Abstract: Fabrication of an electron-emitting device entails providing an electron-emitting structure in which multiple sets of electron-emissive elements (24) overlying an emitter electrode (12) are arranged in a line extending generally in a specified direction. Each of a group of control electrodes (28) in the electron-emitting structure contain (a) a main control portion (30) penetrated by a control opening (34) that laterally circumscribes one of the sets of electron-emissive elements and (b) a gate portion (32) that extends across the control opening and has gate openings (36) through which the electron-emissive elements are exposed. Actinic material (38P) is provided over the control electrodes and processed to form a base focusing structure (38) penetrated by multiple focus openings (40) such that each focus opening is centered on a corresponding one of the control openings in the specified direction.

Abstract: A gas discharge display panel has front and rear plates. The plates are spaced apart from each other, thereby forming a chamber in which a discharge gas is contained. Also, both the front and rear plates are dark in color. Preferably, both the front and rear plates have a darkness of about 20% or more or a transparency of about 80% or less. This decreases halation of light, thereby preventing the mixing of colors. Also, the gas discharge display panel provides a high contrast and clear images to viewers.

Abstract: The laser cathode ray tube has a laser screen; a focusing system for focusing the electron beam on the laser screen; a deflection system for deflecting the electron beam; and at least two electron guns with cathodes for generating at least two electron beams focused simultaneously on one and the same laser screen element defined by the deflection system.

Abstract: A spark plug assembly is produced in the following manner. Namely, an insulator having an axial through-hole with a metallic terminal fixed at an end thereof and a center electrode fixed at the other end and with packing layers of bulk powders of a conductive glass seal layer, a resistor and the like being formed in the through-hole between the metallic terminal and the center electrode. Subsequently, the spark plug assembly is heated so that the temperature of the side closer to the center electrode is higher than that of the side closer to the metallic terminal along the longitudinal axis of the insulator. Then, the packing layers of the bulk powders within the through-hole are pressed between the center electrode and the metallic terminal by applying pressure to the heated spark plug assembly so that the metallic terminal comes closer to the center electrode along the axis of the through-hole with the position of the center electrode being fixed relative to the through-hole.

Abstract: An emission site for a large area passive matrix cold cathode field emission display having an emission tip with a sharp profile is disclosed. A metallic film formed of iridium silicide (IrSi) is used to coat the tip. By using IrSi the tips of the emission sites can be formed at low temperatures. In addition, IrSi is a fine grain material that maintains a sharp profile and can be formed in a layer as thin as 100 Å.

Abstract: In accordance with one specific embodiment of the present invention, the closed drift hollow cathode comprises an axisymmetric discharge region into which an ionizable gas is introduced, an annular electron emitting cathode insert disposed laterally about that discharge region, a surrounding enclosure, an aperture in that enclosure disposed near the axis of symmetry and at one end of that region, and a magnetic field within that region which is both axisymmetric and generally disposed transverse to a path from the cathode insert to the aperture. An electrical discharge is established between the cathode insert and the enclosure. The electrons emitted from the cathode insert drift in closed paths around the axis, collide with molecules of ionizable gas, and sustain the discharge plasma by generating additional electron-ion pairs. Ions from the plasma bombard the cathode insert, thereby maintaining an emissive temperature.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube has a shadow mask. The shadow mask is composed of an almost rectangular mask body and an almost rectangular mask frame. The mask body has an effective surface facing a fluorescent screen, a non-aperture section surrounding the effective surface, and a bent skirt section formed on the periphery of the non-aperture section. The mask frame has a sidewall section provided on the skirt section of the mask body. In the shadow mask of such a configuration, a step section having a step in the direction perpendicular to the skirt section of the mask body is formed. With this configuration, the strength with which the curved surface of the effective surface of the shadow mask is enhanced, which prevents the color purity from deteriorating due to deformation and facilitates the formation of the shadow mask.

Abstract: The color cathode ray tube disclosed herein includes an in-line electron gun from which three electron beams are generated for displaying red, green and blue colors, respectively. The central electron beam (1B) is used to allow a blue fluorescent material to shine, whereas the electron beams (1R and 1G) or both sides are used to allow a red fluorescent material (3R) and a green fluorescent material (3G) to shine, respectively. The diameters of apertures (4R) and (4G) on both sides of an inner electrode (4) are preferably larger than that of the central aperture (4B).

Abstract: In an image display apparatus comprising a fluorescent layer formed on the inner surface of a vacuum container, an electron emission source, and a supporting member sandwiched between the fluorescent layer and the electron emission source so that the fluorescent layer and the electron emission source are kept in parallel, a displacement preventing system is provided to prevent displacement of the electron beams emitted from the electron sources caused by the charging of the supporting member. More specifically, the supporting member may be composed of an insulating portion contacting with the electron emission source and a conducting portion contacting with the fluorescent layer. An electrode portion may be provided between the insulating portion and the conductive portion. Electron sources are arranged on the insulating substrate so that the electron beams emitted from the electron sources will be landed on the fluorescent layer with an equal pitch.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission device production method for producing an electron emission device exhibiting a preferable electron emission characteristic with a low voltage and an emitter electrode of a highly accurate configuration at a highly accurate position. A conductive layer is formed via an insulation layer on a cathode electrode. A first opening is formed in this conductive layer and a second opening is formed to communicate with the first opening so as to expose the cathode electrode. An emitter electrode is formed on the cathode electrode exposed from the second opening. On the conductive layer, a porous layer having a plurality of holes in the film thickness direction is formed so as to be used as a mask when forming the first opening in the conductive layer.

Abstract: A plasma display panel in which the reliability of seal bonding of a chip tube is assured and an evacuation working efficiency is improved. In a plasma display panel with a structure in which a glass substrate on the display surface side and a glass substrate on the rear side are adhered so as to be hermetically bonded by sealing layers through partitions and a gas is introduced into the space between the two glass substrates, an evacuation and gas charging hole is formed in one of the glass substrates and crystalline glass powder of a low melting point is molded into a predetermined shape and is baked, thereby seal bonding the chip tube into the evacuation and gas introducing hole.

Abstract: An HID lamp assembly has a relatively small envelope size enabling use of the lamp assembly in aircraft applications as well as other applications. The lamp assembly comprises a reflector, a discharge lamp mounted to the reflector, and a ballast which controls the delivery of power to the discharge lamp. The ballast is mounted to and carried by the reflector, at least partially surrounds a base of the discharge lamp, and is axially aligned with the reflector. The transverse dimensions of the ballast are less than the corresponding dimensions of the reflector at a wide front end thereof.

Abstract: A light distribution screen is constructed of a main light distribution region including a main optical axis, a low light intensity region darker than an upper part of the main light distribution region, and high light intensity regions brighter than an upper region of the low intensity region. A corner can be brightly illuminated when the motorcycle is cornering, which means that the visibility of the corner can be improved and oncoming traffic is not dazzled when the motorcycle is travelling straight on.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube comprising a perforated molded mask curved inward in the middle between its two opposite sides and having round corners, and a support frame curved outward in the middle between its two opposite sides and having round corners, wherein the corners of mask are respectively brought into contact with the corners of the mask and the frame. Therefore, the alignment accuracy between a shadow mask assembly and phosphor film and the magnetic shielding of the color cathode ray tube can be improved.

Abstract: An organic EL display wherein electric connection between the electron injecting electrode layer and the electrode layer is improved, which is less likely to suffer from poor connection, and which exhibits low connection resistance is realized. A method for producing such an organic EL display is also realized. Such an organic EL display has an electrode structure which connects at least a terminal and an electron injecting electrode, and the electrode structure comprises an underlying layer 2 as a lower layer comprising a metal having low susceptibility to surface oxide layer formation, and an electrode layer 3 as an upper layer comprising a metal which has a susceptibility to surface oxide layer formation higher than that of the underlying layer 2. The underlying layer 2 and the electron injecting electrode layer 4 are in direct contact with each other at least in some parts in the region where the electrode layer 3 is connected to said electron injecting layer 4.

Abstract: A surface discharge type plasma display panel(PDP) includes a pair of front and rear substrates (11, 21) with a discharge space (30) therebetween and a plurality of pair display electrodes on internal surface of either the front or rear substrate. The display electrodes are extending along each display line L. The PDP further includes a light shielding film (45), having a belt shape extending along the display line direction, formed on either internal or outer surface of the front substrate (11) to overlap each area S2 between the adjacent display lines L and sandwiched between the display electrodes X and Y.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a cold-cathode power switching device and a method of manufacturing the same. The device has a high voltage resistance and can be manufactured with high yield though its element area is large to control large currents. In the method, arrays of miniature emitters are prepared, and the emitter arrays are adhered to a conductive substrate having trenches. The conductive substrate is cut along the trenches, forming a plurality of substrates. The gaps between these substrates are filled with insulating resin. As a result, a multi-module power switching device for controlling large currents is manufactured with high yield. Further, cold-cathode modules, each having a gate pad, are arranged on a cathode electrode made of a conducive substrate, insulating strips are formed on the cathode electrode, gate lines are formed on the insulating strips, and the gate pads are connected to the gate lines. The electrons emitted from the modules can be controlled at a time.