Abstract: A non-transitory computer readable medium including computer executable instructions for performing a method that includes locating a pulsing laser on an imaging array, defining a sub-region array smaller than the imaging array based on a location of the located pulsing laser such that the pulsing laser is at least partly within the sub-region, and sampling the sub-region array at a sub-region sampling rate that is higher than a remainder region sampling rate.

Abstract: A light detection device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a light detector, a first layer, a first optical coupler, and a second optical coupler. The light detector includes a first photodetector and a second photodetector. The first layer is disposed above the first photodetector and the second photodetector. The first layer is light-transmissive and has a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface. The first optical coupler is disposed on at least one surface selected from the group consisting of the first surface and the second surface. The second optical coupler is disposed on the at least one surface. The first and second optical couplers are light-transmissive and disposed above the first and second photodetectors, respectively. The second surface is closer to the light detector than the first surface.

Abstract: An optical apparatus including a semiconductor substrate; a first light absorption region supported by the semiconductor substrate, the first light absorption region configured to absorb photons and to generate photo-carriers from the absorbed photons; one or more first switches controlled by a first control signal, the one or more first switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the first control signal; and one or more second switches controlled by a second control signal, the one or more second switches configured to collect at least a portion of the photo-carriers based on the second control signal. The one or more first switches include a first trench located between the first p-doped region and the first n-doped region. The one or more second switches include a second trench located between the second p-doped region and the second n-doped region.

Abstract: The invention provides an illumination measuring module which includes a housing and a photo detector. The housing is molded with a plurality of surfaces. Each surface of the housing is affixed with respective side edges of the plurality of the surfaces to form a predetermined shape. Each surface includes an external surface and an inner surface. One surface of the plurality of surfaces is a glass surface. The glass surface transmits illumination collected from an external ambience of the housing to one or more inner surfaces corresponding to the plurality of surfaces. On an inner surface of the glass surface, a plane white sheet is positioned which homogenously scatters illumination collected from the external ambience into the one or more inner surfaces in the housing. The photo detector measures scattered illumination diffused from the one or more inner surfaces corresponding to the plurality of surfaces.

Abstract: An optical sensor that detects intensity of light is disposed, inside an optical case, at a position that allows the optical sensor to receive light other than light received by a lens system, out of light emitted by an LED. The optical sensor is housed in a dedicated photometric case. The photometric case is provided with a light guide portion that includes a transmission part and a shielding part. The transmission part is disposed in an optical path of light that directly travels from the LED to the optical sensor and allows transmission of the light. The shielding part blocks indirect light that is reflected or scattered inside the optical case, from entering the optical sensor. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately detect only the light in the direct optical path from the LED.

Abstract: An absolute position encoder comprises a scale and a detector overlaying the scale. The scale includes a periodic pattern of wavelength Wf and a code pattern having bit length Wcode. The detector includes a set of periodic pattern sensors and M sets of code pattern sensors. M is at least two. The configuration principles include: a) Wcode is larger than Wf and at most M*Wf, and b) the sets of code pattern sensors are located along the measuring axis at respective alignment positions configured such that as the code pattern moves in a single direction it moves by successive alignment intervals that are each at most Wf to align with successive alignment positions. Signal processing is provided to determine the absolute position based on the M respective sets of code detector signals and on spatially periodic signals arising in the periodic pattern sensing elements due to the periodic pattern.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a pixel region having a plurality of unit pixels arranged in a matrix, each of the unit pixels including first and second photoelectric conversion units, a reading controller configured to read first signals obtained by mixing signals output from the first and second photoelectric conversion units in rows of a first reading mode and read second signals at least including signals of the first photoelectric conversion units and third signals at least including signals of the second photoelectric conversion units in rows of a second reading mode, and an OB clamp processor configured to correct signals in the unit pixels included in an opening region in the pixel region based on signals output from the unit pixels included in a light shielding region in the pixel region. The OB clamp processor performs one of various correction processes depending on an imaging condition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid-state imaging device including: a solid-state imaging element which outputs an image signal according to an amount of light sensed on a light sensing surface; a semiconductor element which performs signal processing with respect to the image signal output from the solid-state imaging element; and a substrate which is electrically connected to the solid-state imaging element and the semiconductor element, in which the semiconductor element is sealed by a molding resin in a state of being accommodated in an accommodation area which is provided on the substrate, and in which the solid-state imaging element is layered on the semiconductor element via the molding resin.

Abstract: A laser beam steering device and a system including the laser beam steering device are provided. The laser beam steering device includes a refractive index change layer having a refractive index that changes based on an electrical signal; at least one antenna pattern disposed above the refractive index change layer; a wavelength selection layer disposed under the refractive index change layer and configured to correspond to a wavelength of a laser beam incident onto the laser beam steering device; and a driver configured to apply the electrical signal to the refractive index change layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an automotive vision system, in particular for providing rear and/or side view, comprising; an image capturing device, and an optical filter device included in an optical path to the image capturing device, wherein the optical filter device comprises an optical filter medium that is moveable by a driving device with respect to the optical path in order to adjust filter characteristics, wherein the driving device comprises a cam transmission that imposes a reciprocating movement on the optical filter medium over an adjustment range between two extreme positions and wherein the cam transmission has a stop arrangement defining an operative position of the optical filter medium with respect to the optical path, wherein the operative position is within the adjustment range and the operative position is in the vicinity of any of the two extreme position.

Abstract: Provided is an optical semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate; a first semiconductor multilayer that is stacked on a first surface side of the semiconductor substrate, has a mesa structure extending along a light emitting direction, and emits light from an exit end surface; an electrode pad portion for wire bonding which is electrically connected to the upper surface of the mesa structure of the first semiconductor multilayer, is disposed on one side of the mesa structure, and is electrically connected to outside; and an electrode pad peripheral portion including a first rising surface which is in contact with the outer edge of the electrode pad portion on the exit end surface side and rises along the stacking direction from the electrode pad portion, in which a lower surface of the electrode pad portion is higher than the upper surface of the mesa structure of the first semiconductor multilayer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reading unique identifiers of an integrated circuit. The unique identifiers may be physically unclonable functions (PUFs), formed by high energy ions implanted into semiconductor material of the integrated circuit. The method may include electrically or optically stimulating each of the PUFs and sensing with an optical sensor optical characteristics of resulting light emitted from the PUFs. Then the method may include comparing values associated with the optical characteristics of the PUFs with groups of stored values in a circuit database. Each of the groups of stored values may be associated with optical characteristics of PUFs of a known authentic circuit. The method may then include the controller providing verification of authenticity of the integrated circuit when each of the values associated with the optical characteristics of the PUFs match the stored values of at least one of the groups in the circuit database.

Abstract: A pixel array uses two sets of pixels to provide accurate exposure control. One set of pixels provide continuous output signals for automatic light control (ALC) as the other set integrates and captures an image. ALC pixels allow monitoring of multiple pixels of an array to obtain sample data indicating the amount of light reaching the array, while allowing the other pixels to provide proper image data. A small percentage of the pixels in an array is replaced with ALC pixels and the array has two reset lines for each row; one line controls the reset for the image capture pixels while the other line controls the reset for the ALC pixels. In the columns, at least one extra control signal is used for the sampling of the reset level for the ALC pixels, which happens later than the sampling of the reset level for the image capture pixels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optoelectronic apparatus comprising: —an optoelectronic device comprising: —a transport structure (T) comprising a 2-dimensional layer; —a photosensitizing structure (P) configured and arranged to absorb incident light and induce changes in the electrical conductivity of the transport structure (T); and —drain (D) and source (S) electrodes electrically connected to respective separate locations of the transport structure (T); —noise suppression means comprising a modulation unit including: —a control unit to generate and apply on the drain (D) or source (S) electrodes a voltage oscillating signal having a component with a frequency of ?m/2?; and —a signal extraction unit to extract a required electric signal, from an output signal, with no components below ?m/2?. The present invention also concerns to a method for suppressing noise for an optoelectronic apparatus according to the invention, and to the use of the apparatus as a light detector or as an image sensor.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods and related apparatuses for sealing down pixel sizes in quantum film-based image sensors are disclosed. In one embodiment, an image sensor circuit is disclosed that includes circuit includes an optically sensitive layer, a first pixel having a first electrode coupled to a first region of optically sensitive layer, a second pixel having a second electrode coupled to a second region of optically sensitive layer, and a readout circuit having at least one transistor that is shared among the first pixel and the second pixel. In a first time interval, the transistor is used in a readout of a signal related to illumination of the first pixel over an integration period. During a second time interval, the transistor is used in a readout of a signal related to illumination of the second pixel over an integration pixel. The signals thusly read constitute a time-domain multiplexed (TDM) signal.

Abstract: An automatic focus system for an optical microscope that facilitates faster focusing by using at least two offset focusing cameras. Each offset focusing camera can be positioned on a different side of an image forming conjugate plane so that their sharpness curves intersect at the image forming conjugate plane. Focus of a specimen can be adjusted by using sharpness values determined from images taken by the offset focusing cameras.

Abstract: Provided are a control switch mechanism, a trigger switch, and an electric tool, having vibration resistance and durability and capable of preventing malfunction. The control switch mechanism (20) includes an optical sensor (21) having a light emitting element (21a) and a light receiving element (21b), and a reflector (22) that increases or decreases an amount of light received by the light receiving element (21b). An increase and a decrease in output of an operation device are controlled along with an increase and decrease in amount of light received by the light receiving element (21b) due to relative movement between the optical sensor (21) and the reflector (22).

Abstract: An optical computed tomography system for comprehensive end-to-end verification of the delivered dose in phantoms is described. The optical computed tomography system includes a light source that emits light; a detector; and a light-collimating tank arranged between the light source and the detector. The light-collimating tank itself includes a transparent substrate having a recessed region formed therein; an incident light surface formed on the transparent substrate; and an exit light surface formed on the transparent substrate opposite the incident light surface and shaped to focus light toward a focal region located outside of the transparent substrate. In some configurations, the incident light surface is shaped to collimate light impinging on the incident light surface into parallel rays that pass through the tank towards the exit light surface.

Abstract: An optical fiber sensor according to the present invention is provided with a first fixation member which fixes an optical fiber on a base at a fixation position set on the base in a state where FBGs are arranged in one side of the fixation position and the other side of the fixation position respectively. Also, in one side of the fixation position, a second fixation member which fixes the optical fiber on the base in a state where tension is applied to a first FBG is provided. Further, in the other side of the fixation position, a third fixation member which fixes the optical fiber on the base in a state where tension which is different from the tension applied to the first FBG is applied to the second FBG and the Bragg wavelength of the second FBG is different from that of the first FBG is provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a linear sensor including a row 100 of N regularly spaced pixels that are formed in a semiconductor substrate, and a circuit for reading out the N pixels, which delivers an output signal for each of the N pixels of the row, characterized in that the N pixels comprise image-capturing pixels that have a useful photosensitive area in the shape of a rectangle R that is higher than it is wide, where the width is in the direction of the row and the height is in the perpendicular direction, and at least two spaced-apart pairs of alignment-detecting pixels PPL, PPR, wherein the detecting pixels of each pair are pixels P1, P2 that are adjacent in the row 100 of pixels and the useful photosensitive area DT1, DT2 of the detecting pixels has a width that varies monotonically in the height direction, but in opposite directions for the two detecting pixels of a given pair.