Abstract: Disclosed microscale reactors comprise lamina for carrying out multi-phase reactions for making desired chemical products, such as biohydrogenated diesel (BHD). Microreactor embodiments include a bottom clamp plate, a top clamp plate, and at least one catalyst plate positioned between and operatively associated with the bottom clamp plate and the top clamp plate. Catalyst plates include a catalyst associated for catalyzing the production of product from feedstock. To address the problems encountered when using microchannel reactors, the microscale-based reactors may include a mixer plate assembly and/or at least one catalyst lamina comprising an array of microscale posts. Disclosed microreactor systems for producing BHD include a feedstock source, a hydrogen source and an inert gas source each fluidly coupled to respective microreactor inlets.

Abstract: In a catalyst carrier for insertion in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, the catalyst carrier includes a container for holding catalyst in use. The container has a bottom surface closing the container, and a top surface. A carrier outer wall extends from the bottom surface to the top surface. A seal extends from the container by a distance which extends beyond the carrier outer wall. The carrier outer wall has apertures located below the seal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a spring tube type flexible micro chemical reactor. It comprises a reactor body, a thermal control device, and a gas generating device. The spring tube type flexible micro chemical reactor enhances the heat and mass transfer using the scroll spring tube, which is able to achieve accurate mixing and dynamic adjustment of the heat and mass transfer and is able to effectively solve the problems of blocking of channels by solid reactant, the poor portability of the reaction, etc.

Abstract: The invention provides a skin disinfectant for treating skin with eczema, preventing bacterial proliferation, and removing biofilm. Compositions of the invention include hypochlorous acid, acetic acid, water, and one or more additives or excipients. The formulation process removes metal ions, reduces ionic strength, controls pH, and reduces exposure to air, thus improving stability and lengthening shelf-life.

Abstract: A microwave reactor constructed to produce a homogeneous heat distribution across the body of the microwave reactor subsequent exposure to microwave irradiation. The microwave reactor includes a body having an exterior wall transparent to microwave irradiation. A microwave sensitized element layer is adjacent the exterior wall and is comprised of a carbide mixture wherein the carbide mixture includes a carbide mixed with either a metal oxide, a ferrite or a nitride. The carbide mixture is in granular form wherein the carbide has a larger particle size than the other component. The microwave sensitized element layer further includes a metal layer that extends the length thereof. The metal layer is positioned in various arrangements within or adjacent to the carbide mixture. The body further includes an inner layer adjacent to the microwave sensitized layer opposite the exterior wall. The inner layer is transparent to microwave irradiation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and processes which prevent fouling of a reactor inlet of an oligomerization reactor. The systems and processes involve placement of an inlet sleeve around at least a portion of a reactor inlet such that a curtain of inert material flows through an annular space coaxially with respect to an outer surface of the end of the reactor inlet and into the reactor.

Abstract: A system and method of cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks is provided that allows for significant flexibility in terms of the desired product yield. An integrated process includes introducing the feedstock and hydrogen into a first hydrocracking reaction zone containing a first hydrocracking catalyst to produce a first zone effluent. The first zone effluent is passed to a fractionating zone to produce at least a low boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction, and optionally one or more intermediate fractions. The bottoms fraction is conveyed to a fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone, from which olefins and gasoline are recovered. At least a portion of remaining cycle oil is passed from the fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone to a second hydrocracking reaction zone containing a second hydrocracking catalyst to produce a second stage effluent.

Abstract: A reactor tank is provided having an enzyme inlet, a heating jacket positioned around the exterior center of the tank, a gas outlet communicating with a vacuum apparatus and a condensing unit, a first gas inlet for receiving gas from a feed tank and a first liquid outlet for recirculating the liquid back to the feed tank. The tank further includes a sparged unit connected to the first gas inlet for receiving gas from the feed tank and a screen positioned between the sparged unit and the first liquid outlet. The reactor tank is utilized in a reactor system further including a condensing unit, vacuum pump or venturi valve, a first feed tank, a coalescer having at least one circulation pipe and a first circulation pump.

Abstract: A reactor comprises a reactor vessel defining a confined reactor volume, a support assembly extending about a periphery of the confined reactor volume, a basket positioned within the reactor vessel and supported by the support assembly, the basket having an interior surface and an exterior surface, a downflow zone being defined between the exterior surface of the basket and an interior surface of the confined reactor volume, an inlet screen positioned adjacent to one end of the interior surface and an outlet screen positioned adjacent to an opposite end of the interior surface, an upflow zone defined between the inlet screen and outlet screen, the inlet screen and the outlet screen containing a quantity of particulate catalyst, and a circulating device positioned above said upflow zone and configured to continuously circulate fluid upwardly though said upflow zone and downwardly through said downflow zone, the support assembly and the basket configured to promote the formation of a fluid vortex within a porti

Abstract: A catalytic reactor is provided comprising a plurality of first flow channels including a catalyst for a first reaction; a plurality of second flow channels arranged alternately with the first flow channels; adjacent first and second flow channels being separated by a divider plate (13a, 13b), and a distributed temperature sensor such as an optical fiber cable (19). The distributed temperature sensor may be located within the divider plate, or within one or 10 more of the flow channels.

Abstract: A fluid distribution cap (301) for a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a tunnel shaped structure having two opposing walls for attaching to a fluid distribution plate (103), and at least one opening at an end of the tunnel shaped structure. The tunnel shaped structure has an inner surface (302) and an outer surface (303), wherein the inner surface (302) has a curved cross section, and wherein the outer surface (303) has a substantially V-shaped cross section. A fluid distribution plate (103) for a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a plate having a plurality of fluid vent holes (113), a plurality of fluid distribution caps (301), wherein for each fluid vent hole (113) a fluid distribution cap (301) is mounted over said hole (113). At least two mutually neighboring fluid distribution caps (301) are positioned with an opening of a first of the two neighboring fluid distribution caps facing a side of the second of the two neighboring fluid distribution caps.

Abstract: A system and method of cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks is provided that allows for significant flexibility in terms of the desired product yield. An integrated process includes introducing the feedstock and hydrogen into a first hydrocracking reaction zone containing a first hydrocracking catalyst to produce a first zone effluent. The first zone effluent and optionally additional hydrogen are passed to a second hydrocracking reaction zone containing a second hydrocracking catalyst to produce a second zone effluent. The second zone effluent is conveyed to a fractionating zone to at least a low boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction, and optionally one or more intermediate fractions. The bottoms fraction is passed to a fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone, from which olefins and gasoline are recovered. At least a portion of remaining cycle oil is passed from the fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and separation zone to the first and/or second hydrocracking reaction zone.

Abstract: A fixed bed reactor for cyclic, catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, such as alkanes and a reactor-internal device for improving distribution of hydrocarbon feed into the fixed catalyst bed of the reactor. The device comprises a vertical deflector plate with multiple horizontal slits and a frustum cone with multiple perforations on the lateral surface, connected to the bottom end of the plate. The reactor includes a main horizontal reaction vessel containing a fixed catalyst bed and a cactus-shaped inlet assembly sub-divided into three inlets at the upper half portion to supply fluid streams, including hydrocarbon feed, to the catalyst bed. The distributor device is positioned inside a main central vertical arm of the inlet assembly form by the convergence of the three inlets. Various embodiments of the distributor device where the slit thicknesses, distance between slits, perforation diameter, distance between perforations are varied, are also provided.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor includes a reactor core and a stack of liner segments. The stack includes a first liner segment and a second liner segment. The first liner segment includes a first edge having a base surface and an angled surface. The base surface and the angled surface form an obtuse angle. The second liner segment includes a second edge. The first edge and the second edge form a shiplap joint to connect the first liner segment to the second liner segment.

Abstract: A circular fluidizing bed combustion system with uniform airflow distributing device is provided. The system comprises a fluidizing bed and a uniform airflow distributing device. The fluidizing bed is comprised of a fluidizing bed boiler body, an airflow distributing plate and a plurality of air caps, wherein, the airflow distributing plate is provided inside the fluidizing bed boiler body and divides the inner space of the fluidizing bed boiler body into a fluidizing chamber which is located in the upper portion of the boiler body and an air chamber which is located in the lower portion of the boiler body, and the plurality of air caps are arranged on the airflow distributing plate for injecting the fluidizing air into the fluidizing chamber. The inner space of the air chamber is divided into a distributing chamber that is located under the airflow distributing plate and an air inlet chamber that is located on one side of the distributing chamber by means of a perforated plate.

Abstract: A support element for a feed roller for a fibre material, preferably a precursor fibre, to be used in an oxidation or carbonization line for producing carbon fibres, including a base provided with means for attachment to a structure or frame of the oven, a support ring coupled with the base and having at least one passing-through opening for receiving one end of the feed roller, and adjustment means operatively interposed between the base and the ring, and configured to move the position of the ring with respect to the base along at least one adjustment direction, transverse to a central axis of the opening, in order to adjust the position of the ring as a function of the deformations of the roller.

Abstract: We provide systems for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion that comprise a modular reactor comprising a plurality of mixer modules. The mixer modules may be arranged in series. One or more feed modules are disposed between the mixer modules. Such systems may be used for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation reactions. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion are also disclosed.

Abstract: Furnace tubes for cracking hydrocarbons that in an embodiment have a longitudinal array of pins having i) a maximum height from about 2 to about 4.8 cm; ii) a contact surface with the tube, having an area from about 0.1% to about 10% of the tube external cross section area iii) a uniform cross section along the length of the pin. (i.e., they are typically not tapered); and iv) a length to diameter ratio from about 4:1 to about 2:1 have an improved heat transfer over bare fins and reduced stress relative to a fined tube.

Abstract: Provided is a reactor in which a catalyst to accelerate reaction of a reactant is allowed to act on a reaction fluid having the reactant. The reactor has a partition that defines, in a parallel form, a plurality of reaction flow passages through which the reaction fluid flows, and a plurality of catalyst structures, each having a catalyst and being respectively provided in each of the plurality of reaction flow passages. The partition has a communicating portion allowing the plurality of reaction flow passages to communicate mutually.

Abstract: A combined heat exchanger and reactor for use with an ionic liquid catalyst reaction. The reactor includes an outer shell configured to receive a cooling fluid which may remove heat from reactions occurring within hollow members disposed inside of the outer shell. The hollow members preferably include one or more static mixers for mixing fluids and dispersing ionic liquid into droplets. A separation zone may be disposed beneath the hollow members which will separate the effluent and provide a hydrocarbon stream and an ionic liquid stream. Multiple combined heat exchanger and reactor may be arranged in series.