Abstract: A manhole for a polymerization unit having a through-hole formed with a shoulder matching a corresponding shoulder of a plug of a closure member operatively inserted in the through-hole. The through-hole can be closed with a minimum clearance, such that polymer particles do not deposit in the gap between the wall of the unit and the plug of the closure member.

Abstract: An apparatus configured for attaching to a conventional cooler and mixing the contents therein, the apparatus including a lid assembly integrated with a mixing assembly. The lid assembly includes a lid having both a hole and an opening to allow the addition of contents to the container and a cover that can be positioned over the opening and secured to the lid. The mixing assembly is integrated with the lid assembly through the hole and includes a centering guide positioned at the bottom of the container, a mixing paddle coupled to the top portion of the centering guide, and a handle operatively coupled to the mixing paddle through the hole. After contents are added to the container through the opening, the cover is positioned over the opening and securely coupled to the lid. The handle is operated to cause the mixing paddle to stir the contents of the container.

Abstract: An ammonia decomposition apparatus comprises a casing, a heating zone, a heat exchange zone, a reaction section and a heat exchange coil. The heat exchange coil is spirally wound on an outer wall of the reaction section to efficiently heat ammonia gas. The reaction section has a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone communicated successively, the ammonia gas decomposed into a nitrogen-hydrogen mixture after entering the first reaction zone, with the second reaction zone decomposing for the second time the residual ammonia gas in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture produced in the first reaction zone, so that the ammonia gas is decomposed more thoroughly. The conversion rate of ammonia gas can reach 99.9% or more, and the residual amount of ammonia gas in the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture can be less than 1000 ppm.

Abstract: A method of testing a catalyst in a reactor comprises supplying a feedstock into an upstream end of the reactor and arranging an annular basket within the reactor at a downstream position in the reactor, the annular basket having a central aperture for receiving the flow of feedstock and plurality of stacked layers separated by fluid permeable material, the plurality of stacked layers including a layer of grading material positioned upstream of a layer containing a primary catalyst to be tested for a chemical process. The grading material is adapted to filter out contaminants within the feedstock and to thereby protect the primary catalyst within the basket. Embodiments and methods can utilize layers comprising a first layer containing the primary catalyst, a second layer containing a hydrometallization catalyst and a third layer containing grading material having solid trap particles with reduced catalytic activity.

Abstract: An approach is provided for processing mixed solid waste using an integrated bioenergy complex. The approach, for instance, involves receiving the mixed solid waste at the integrated bioenergy complex, the integrated bioenergy complex including an organic conversion processing center and an inorganic conversion processing center. The approach also involves separating the mixed solid waste into recyclables, an organic waste stream, and an inorganic waste stream. The approach further involves feeding the organic waste stream to the organic conversion processing center to produce organic conversion products and an organic residual, and feeding the organic residual and the inorganic waste stream to the inorganic conversion processing center to produce inorganic conversion products, electric power, and a residual waste. The electric power is used to partially or fully power the organic conversion processing center, and residual waste is less than a target percentage of the received mixed solid waste.

Abstract: A feedstock processing system extracts a product from a solid using a CTSE system comprising a plurality of continuous stirred tank extraction stages arranged in fluid communication with each other in series such that effluent from one stage flows to a next stage in the series. One of the stages has an inlet to allow a measured amount of liquid solvent and the solid to be introduced to the continuous stirred tank extraction stage. The stage mixes the solid with the introduced solvent to form a homogeneous slurry to enable the product associated with the solid to be extracted with the solvent. A solid-liquid separator is arranged in fluid communication with the continuous stirred tank extraction stages, and receives an effluent from one of the stages and separates the liquid solvent containing the product from the solid to form a product-containing liquid and a product-depleted solid.

Abstract: Systems and methods of reducing heat exchanger fouling rate and of producing polyolefins are provide herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalytic method and system for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons or light naphtha. In an aspect, the process comprises adding a diluent comprising a heavy aromatic hydrocarbon (for example, C7-C9+) to a reactor feedstock comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons (for example, C6-C8) or light naphtha to form a reactor feed stream, such that the heat capacity of reactor feed stream is higher than the heat capacity of feedstock. The reactor feed stream is heated and contacting with a catalyst under conditions sufficient to aromatize at least a portion of the aliphatic hydrocarbons and form a product stream comprising a primary aromatic hydrocarbon product and a heavy aromatic hydrocarbon product. In an aspect, the diluent can comprise a heavy aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one carbon atom more than the primary aromatic hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for recycling lead-acid batteries, and more specifically, relates to purifying and recycling the lead content from lead-acid batteries. A system includes a reactor that receives and mixes a lead-beating material waste, a carboxylate source, and a recycled liquid component to form a leaching mixture yielding a lead carboxylate precipitate. The system also includes a phase separation device coupled to the reactor, wherein the phase separation device isolates the lead carboxylate precipitate from a liquid component of the leaching mixture. The system further includes a closed-loop liquid recycling system coupled to the phase separation device and to the reactor, wherein the closed-loop liquid recycling, system receives the liquid component isolated by the phase separation device and recycles a substantial portion of the received liquid component back to the reactor as the recycled liquid component.

Abstract: The present invention describes a device for distributing a light phase in a heavy phase inside a reaction chamber (5) containing said heavy phase in the fluidized state, comprising a pipe (1) for conveying the light phase, said pipe (1) being cylindrical, and being open in its upper part via first and second rectangular openings (7, 8) pierced in the lateral wall of said pipe (1), the second openings (8) being extended by branches (6) perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the reaction chamber (5), and the pipe (1) being surmounted at its upper part by a convex head (9).

Abstract: Disclosed is a dual pressure plant for the production of nitric acid on the basis of the oxidation of ammonia. The plant comprises a reactor configured to produce a burner gas stream; a gas cooling section configured to form a cooled burner gas; a condensation section configured to form an aqueous nitric acid condensate and an uncondensed nitrogen oxides gas stream; an absorption section configured to produce raw nitric acid and a tail gas; and a tail gas treatment system configured to form a purified tail gas. In a tail gas heating section a further heat exchanger configured to receive heat from the burner gas stream, said further heat exchanger being positioned relatively close to the reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems operable to catalytically convert a hydrocarbon feed stream predominantly comprising both isopentane and n-pentane to yield upgraded hydrocarbon products that are suitable for use either as a blend component of liquid transportation fuels or as an intermediate in the production of other value-added chemicals. The hydrocarbon feed stream is isomerized in a first reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the n-pentane to isopentane, followed by catalytic-activation of the isomerization effluent in a second reaction zone with an activation catalyst to produce an activation effluent. The process increases the conversion of the hydrocarbon feed stream to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. Certain embodiments provide for further upgrading of at least a portion of the activation effluent by either oligomerization or alkylation.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor includes: a reaction-side flow channel in which a reaction fluid flows; a structured catalyst removably located in the reaction-side flow channel; and a protrusion formed in the structured catalyst or an inner surface of the reaction-side flow channel, having a height forming a clearance between the structured catalyst and the inner surface of the reaction-side flow channel.

Abstract: Methods, processes, systems, or apparatus are provided to remove contaminants such as metals and chlorine present in a pyrolysis stream to form reduced-contaminant liquid biomass. In certain embodiments, for example, a metal chelating agent is dissolved into a metal-containing pyrolysis stream condensate to form metal chelate complex, followed by filtering to obtain the reduced-contaminant liquid biomass.

Abstract: A subject of the invention is a fluidized-bed reactor for producing granular polycrystalline silicon. The fluidized-bed reactor comprises a segmented reactor tube, which is disposed between a reactor top and a reactor bottom, a heating facility, at least one nozzle for supplying fluidizing gas, at least one nozzle for supplying reaction gas, a facility for supplying silicon seed particles, a product removal line, and an offgas removal line. The segmented reactor tube comprises a base segment and at least one spacer segment, there being disposed, between base segment and spacer segment, a flat seal made from a carbon-containing material, the spacer segment consisting of a material which, within a temperature range from 100 to 950° C., has a thermal conductivity of <2 W/mK.

Abstract: Processes and plants for the production of purified urea solution are described. In a described urea production process, urea is produced in a synthesis section without a high pressure stripper and the urea solution is subjected to purification after the recovery section, to give purified urea solution and off-gas. The purification comprises e.g. steam stripping.

Abstract: A device suitable for use as a distributor or collector in a radial-flow reaction vessel is described, comprising an open end and a plurality of rigid columnar portions, each columnar portion comprising a cylindrical outer screen formed from parallel spaced wires and a perforate inner screen fixed to the outer screen, said inner screen formed from a plurality of adjacent perforate support members that support the spaced wires, wherein the rigid columnar portions further comprise means for controlling a flow of a gaseous process fluid to or from the device. The device may be used in radial-flow vessels used in chemical processes such as methanol synthesis.

Abstract: Method for the disinfection and the quality control of the disinfection of the hands of a user comprising the steps of: dispensing a predetermined amount of the mixture of a disinfectant substance and a light reflection modifying substance on the hands to be disinfected, allowing the user to smear and rub the mixture on his/her hands, inserting the hands one after the other into an imaging compartment (11) of an apparatus (10) for disinfection quality control; illuminating the inserted hand with light sources (14) emitting light having a predetermined spectral distribution and intensity; recording the image of the hand (9) from both sides by cameras (16); processing the recorded image to provide distinction between areas of the hand contacted and non-contacted by the mixture, wherein the light reflection modifying substance is a substance that absorbs light in at least a predetermined range a wavelength which is added to the disinfectant substance in an amount that decreases light absorption of areas treat

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to the use of an upflow reactor for producing a dihydroxy compound, to a method for producing a dihydroxy compound, and to a method for manufacturing polycarbonate. The upflow reactor for producing a dihydroxy compound of the disclosure comprises: a vessel; a catalyst bed disposed in said vessel; a distributor in fluid communication with an inlet through which reactants are introduced to said distributor, said distributor being disposed at a lower end of said vessel and comprising distributor perforation(s) disposed in said distributor, at least part of which distributor perforations are in a direction facing away from said catalyst bed; and a collector through which said product dihydroxy compound is removed, said collector being disposed at an upper end of said vessel.

Abstract: Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc.