Abstract: A printed wiring board includes a laminate including first conductor pads on first surface side of the laminate and second conductor pads on second surface side of the laminate, and a solder resist layer formed on the first surface side of the laminate and having openings formed such that the openings are exposing the first conductor pads respectively. The laminate includes a resin insulating layer and has first surface on the first surface side and second surface on the second surface side on the opposite side with respect to the first surface of the laminate, and the second conductor pads are embedded in the second surface of the laminate such that the second conductor pads have surfaces exposed from the second surfaces of the laminate respectively and that the surfaces of the second conductor pads are protruding from the second surface of the laminate.

Abstract: A circuit board may include a pump and a channel. The channel may include a liquid metal and a coating. The liquid metal may be pumped through the channel by the pump and the coating reduces diffusion and chemical reaction between the liquid metal and at least portions of the channel. The liquid metal may carry thermal energy to act as a heat transfer mechanism between two or more locations on the substrate. The substrate may include electrical interconnects to allow electrical components to be populated onto the substrate to form an electronics assembly. The pump may be driven by electric current that is utilized by one or more electronic components on the circuit board.