Abstract: A system for reducing ore includes a hydrogen supply unit configured to supply hydrogen, a furnace configured to reduce the ore using the supplied hydrogen, and a hydrogen recovery unit configured to recover hydrogen from an exhaust gas that is exhausted from the furnace.

Abstract: Provided is a more efficient dry refining process for improving the recovery rate of phosphorus-free valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries. The present invention provides a method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries, said method comprises a melting step S4 for melting the waste lithium ion batteries and obtaining a molten substance and a slag separation step S5 for separating slag from the molten substance and recovering an alloy containing valuable metals, wherein in the melting step, flux containing a calcium compound is added to the waste lithium ion batteries such that the mass ratio between silicon dioxide and calcium oxide in the slag becomes 0.50 or less and the mass ratio between calcium oxide and aluminum oxide falls in the range of 0.30 to 2.00.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recycling used lithium batteries containing the steps: (a) digestion of comminuted material (10), which contains comminuted components of electrodes of lithium batteries, using concentrated sulphuric acid (12) at a digestion temperature (TA) of at least 100° C., in particular at least 140° C., so that waste gas (14) and a digestion material (16) are produced, (b) discharge of the waste gas (14) and (c) wet chemical extraction of at least one metallic component of the digestion material (16).

Abstract: A long-term ablation-resistant nitrogen-containing carbide ultra-high temperature ceramic with an ultra-high melting point is prepared as follows: preparing the HfC powder and the HfN powder according to a mass ratio of HfC:HfN=(1-7):1; uniformly mixing the HfC powder and the HfN powder with the carbon powder and the carbon nitride powder to obtain a mixed powder, wherein the amount of the carbon powder and the amount of the carbon nitride powder do not exceed 8.0 wt. % and 5.0 wt. %, respectively, of the mixed powder mass; and performing spark plasma sintering on the mixed powder to produce the ceramic with the ultra-high melting point, a density ?98%, and a uniform C/N content distribution. The ultra-high temperature ceramic is suitable for ultra-high temperature ablation-resistant protection at ?3000° C. The ceramic maintains a close to zero ablation rate and a continuously stable oxidation-resistant protective structure after ablation for 300 s.

Abstract: A glass-ceramic article comprises: a center-volume composition comprising (on an oxide basis): 55-75 mol % SiO2; 0.2-10 mol % Al2O3; 0-5 mol % B2O3; 15-30 mol % Li2O; 0-2 mol % Na2O; 0-2 mol % K2O; 0-5 mol % MgO; 0-2 mol % ZnO; 0.2-3.0 mol % P2O5; 0.1-10 mol % ZrO2; 0-4 mol % TiO2; and 0-1.0 mol % SnO2. Lithium disilicate and either ?-spodumene or ?-quartz are the two predominant crystalline phases (by weight) of the glass-ceramic article. The glass-ceramic article further comprises tetragonal ZrO2 as a crystalline phase. The composition of the glass-ceramic article from a primary surface into a thickness of the glass-ceramic article can comprise over 10 mol % Na2O (on an oxide basis), with the mole percentage of Na2O decreasing from the primary surface towards the center-volume. The glass-ceramic article exhibits a ring-on-ring load-to-failure of at least 120 kgf, when the thickness of the glass-ceramic article is 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm.

Abstract: A process for producing hot briquetted iron with increased solid carbonaceous material and/or flux includes: providing a shaft furnace of a direct reduction plant to reduce iron oxide with reducing gas; providing a hot briquette machine to produce hot briquetted iron; coupling a chute between a) a discharge exit of the shaft furnace for discharge of hot direct reduced iron and b) an entrance of the hot briquette machine; adding solid carbonaceous material and/or flux to the discharged hot direct reduced iron from the shaft furnace to produce a mixture of the discharged hot direct reduced iron and the solid carbonaceous material and/or flux before feeding to the hot briquette machine; and processing in the hot briquette machine to produce a product of hot briquetted iron with increased solid carbonaceous material content greater than about 3 weight percent and/or an increased flux content.

Abstract: An additively manufactured non-uniform porous material in-situ with dense material for the in situ additive manufacturing of both porous and dense material in the same part so that no secondary process is required. The additively manufactured non-uniform porous material in-situ with dense material generally includes additively manufactured porous material which can be tuned for porosity and density, has the ability to be built in situ with dense material, and can also be tuned for response to pressure waves. Also included are computer program products, methods and components and systems manufactured using the methods.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for manufacturing a metal foam. The present application can provide a method for manufacturing a metal foam, which is capable of forming in a very short time a metal foam comprising uniformly formed pores and having excellent mechanical properties as well as the desired porosity, and a metal foam produced by the above method. In addition, the present application can provide a method capable of forming a metal foam in which the above-mentioned physical properties are ensured, while being in the form of a thin film or sheet, in a short time, and such a metal foam.

Abstract: A powder cleaning system can include a fluidized bed reactor configured to retain powder and fluidize the powder to remove adsorbate and/or other contaminants from the powder, and one or more gas sources configured to be in selective fluid communication with the fluidized bed reactor via at least one inlet line to selectively provide an inlet flow having one or more gases to the fluidized bed reactor to fluidize the powder with the one or more gases within the fluidized bed reactor. The system can include at least one outlet line in fluid communication with the fluidized bed reactor and configured to allow removal of outlet flow which comprises the adsorbate and/or other contaminants from the fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A method of heating direct reduced iron between a direct reduced iron source and processing equipment for the direct reduced iron, comprises providing a conduit heater assembly between the direct reduced iron source and the processing equipment, wherein the conduit heater assembly receives a flow of the direct reduced iron from the direct reduced iron source and heats the direct reduced iron as the direct reduced iron flows through the conduit heater assembly and to the processing equipment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for clean metallurgy of molybdenum, including steps: 1) roasting molybdenite with calcium to obtain calcified molybdenum calcine, and leaching the calcified molybdenum calcine with an inorganic acid to obtain a molybdenum-containing inorganic acid leachate; 2) extracting molybdenum in the leachate with a cationic extractant to obtain an organic phase loaded with molybdyl cations and a raffinate; 3) using a hydrogen peroxide solution as a stripping agent to obtain a molybdenum stripping liquor; and 4) heating the molybdenum stripping liquor to dissociate peroxymolybdic acid therein so as to form a molybdic acid precipitate, and then calcining to obtain a molybdenum trioxide product. The method solves the problem of ammonia nitrogen wastewater production and can also be used for the enrichment and recovery of rhenium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing battery-grade nickel sulfate by using laterite nickel ore comprising the following steps: sorting the laterite nickel ore to obtain lump ore and sediment ore; crushing the lump ore, and then performing heap leaching, to obtain a crude nickel sulfate solution A; separating the sediment ore to obtain high chromium ore, low iron, high magnesium ore, and high iron, low magnesium ore, and drying, roasting, reducing, and sulfurating the low iron, high magnesium ore to obtain low nickel matte; blowing and performing water extraction on the low nickel matte, and then performing oxygen pressure leaching, to obtain a crude nickel sulfate solution B; performing pressure leaching on the high iron, low magnesium ore to obtain a crude nickel sulfate solution C; and performing extraction on the crude nickel sulfate solutions A, B, and C, and then evaporating and crystallizing, to obtain battery-grade nickel sulfate.

Abstract: Providing a method of recovering Cu from copper ore containing Hg. A method for recovering Cu from copper ore, the method comprising: (A) providing copper ore containing Hg with an amount of 0.2 ppm or more; (B) treating the copper ore to leach Cu and Hg with use of solution containing iodide ions and Fe (3+); and (C) treating post-leaching solution with activated carbon to absorb the iodide ions and Hg.

Abstract: Methods of additive manufacturing, binder compositions for additive manufacturing, and articles produced by and/or associated with methods of additive manufacturing are generally described.

Abstract: A direct reduction plant is disclosed. The direct reduction plant includes an oxygen injection system, a reformer, and a shaft furnace. The oxygen injection system includes an oxygen injection reactor and a main oxygen burner. The oxygen injection reactor is adapted to receive a gas mixture. The main oxygen burner is adapted to increase a temperature of the gas mixture by burning a mixture of fuel and oxygen fed to the main oxygen burner. The reformer is adapted to reform the gas mixture with the increased temperature. The shaft furnace is adapted to reduce iron ore using the reformed gas mixture.

Abstract: A method for recovery of platinum group metals from a spent catalyst is described. The method includes crushing the spent catalyst to obtain a catalyst particulate material including particles having a predetermined grain size. The method includes subjecting the catalyst particulate material to a chlorinating treatment in the reaction zone at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time period by putting the catalyst particulate material in contact with the chlorine containing gas. The method also includes applying an electromagnetic field to the chlorine-containing gas in the reaction zone to provide ionization of chlorine; thereby to cause a chemical reaction between platinum group metals and chlorine ions and provide a volatile platinum group metal-containing chloride product in the reaction zone. Following this, the volatile platinum group metal-containing chloride product is cooled to convert the product into solid phase platinum group metal-containing materials.

Abstract: This member connection method includes a printing step. In the printing step, a coating film-formed region in which the coating film is formed, and a coating film non-formed region in which the coating film is not formed are formed in the print pattern, and the coating film-formed region is divided into a plurality of concentric regions and a plurality of radial regions by means of a plurality of line-shaped regions provided so as to connect various points, which are separated apart from one another in the marginal part of the connection region.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for processing a composite waste source, such as e-waste, is disclosed. The composite waste source may comprise low-, moderate and high-melting point constituents, such as plastics, metals and ceramics. The composite waste source is heated to a first temperature zone, causing at least some of the low-melting point constituents to at least partially thermally transform. The composite waste source is subsequently heated to a second, higher, temperature zone, causing at least some of the moderate-melting point constituents to at least partially thermally transform. At least some of the at least partially thermally transformed constituents may be recovered. The method, apparatus and system disclosed may provide for the recovery and reuse of materials which would otherwise be sent to landfill or incinerated.

Abstract: A three-dimensional shaped article production method for producing a three-dimensional shaped article by stacking layers to form a stacked body includes a first layer formation step of forming a first layer on a support by supplying a first composition containing first particles and a binder, a second layer formation step of forming a second layer composed of one layer or a plurality of layers on the first layer by supplying a second composition containing second particles and a binder, and a separation step of separating the second layer from the support through the first layer, wherein after the separation step, a sintering step of sintering the second layer is performed.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an iron-nitride material having a polycrystalline microstructure including a plurality of elongated crystallographic grains with grain boundaries, the iron-nitride material including at least one of an ??-Fe16N2 phase and a body-center-tetragonal (bct) phase comprising Fe and N. The disclosure is also directed a method producing an iron-nitride material.