Abstract: A focusing arrangement for focusing reflecting telescopes comprises a lever gear means operated by an adjustment screw, which is provided between the rear interior face of a telescope housing and a telescope mount for displacing the latter and the reflecting telescope as required. In diametral opposition to a connection point between the telescope mount and the gear means relative to an optical axis a resilient means is provided for acting on and counteracting the adjustment operation exerted by the screw and lever combination in the course of which the telescope and mount are displaced along a guide means symmetrically provided about said optical axis.

Abstract: A deformable trihedral reflector suitable for back reflecting an incident electromagnetic beam includes a trirectangular trihedron with three reflecting faces substantially orthogonal two by two. At least one part of the reflector is made of a piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material is activated to vary the dihedral angles between the faces of the trihedron in the vicinity of the orthogonality to cause divergence of the reflected beam.

Abstract: A light deflector for use in a laser printer, for example, is composed of a motor having a drive shaft and a light reflecting member such as a rotating multiple-surface mirror or a hologram. The motor is subjected to magnetic field ripples the number of which is equal to a multiple by an integer of the number of light reflecting surfaces of the light reflecting member.

Abstract: An illuminator for microscopes consisting of a light source, five mirrors and two conical beam concentrators mounted in the base of the microscope. Three intensities of illumination are possible; low intensity of a 50 mm beam emitted by an incandescent bulb, high intensity of the beam reduced to 10 mm diameter by the first beam concentrator, and very high intensity of the beam reduced to 2 mm diameter by the second beam concentrator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for enlarging the spectral range of an acousto-optic tunable filter by extending the operation of the transducer structure to its third harmonic. The transducer structure consists of a plurality of individual transducer elements in electrical communication through a switching network which modifies the total capacitance of the transducer structure to provide a satisfactory impedance match at both the fundamental and the third harmonic.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for the lowcost assembly of precision optical devices utilizing single or multiple bounces. The apparatus makes use of a precision machined alignment platform to support optical mirrors in precise alignment. A low cost holding structure is clamped over the alignment platform to position one of a plurality of connected sections adjacent to the back of each mirror. An adhesive is injected through holes provided in the holding structure adjacent to the back of each mirror. The adhesive bridges each mirror to the holding structure in a position corresponding exactly to the position of the mirrors on the alignment platform, thereby eliminating any need to adjust the mirrors for correct alignment.

Abstract: The invention resides in a binocular microscope which has a collimating lens 20 and a pair of monocular tubes 28 in optical alignment with it. Each tube has, as minimum components of its optical system, an objective 22 and an eyepiece 36. The optical axes 64 of the objectives are maintained at all times parallel to and at a fixed distance from each other. The optical axes 94 of the eyepieces are also at all times parallel to each other as well as to the axes of the objectives. However, the distance between the eyepiece axes 94 is variable, and there are means to vary the distance to accommodate the inter-pupillary distance of the viewer without causing line of sight convergence. A magnification changer 30 is positioned in each monocular tube 28 in the optical path between the eyepiece 36 and the objective 22. Means are provided for operating the magnification changers independently of changes in the distance between the eyepieces.

Abstract: A compact portable microscope includes an optical tube assembly which is resiliently mounted therein. Adjusting members bear against the optical tube to shift the position of the objective relative to the stage. The image of the specimen being examined may, therefore, be selectively positioned within the field of view of the microscope. The optical tube assembly is also movable axially within the housing for focussing.

Abstract: A microscope optical system for observation of test object, comprises an objective lens and a compensator provided to be inserted into and retracted from the optical path of the objective lens. The compensator is inserted into the optical path according to the change of the optical path length of the medium between the object lens and object to maintain good image forming performance irrespective of such change of the optical path length.

Abstract: Apparatus receives light (11) in an input direction (12) and controls the directions in which portions of it travel through adjacent regions (13,14,15,16) in a waveguide (19) to emerge (at 17) in an output direction (18) with intensity responsive to a plurality of electrical potential differences (A1-A2, etc.). A plurality of electrooptic reflective means (20), each comprising a pair of electrodes (21,22, etc.), with each reflective means (20A,20B,20C,20D) on a different region (13,14,15,16), form a separate Bragg grating in each region with a direction of Bragg incidence in the input direction (12). A prism (29) directs light (11) from a laser (30) to enter in the input direction (12) into each electrooptic means (20).

Abstract: According to the invention, a device for detecting counterfeit paper currency is provided which utilizes the characteristic fluorescence of genuine paper currency to detect counterfeit paper currency. An ultraviolet lamp illuminates the paper currency of unknown origin which the currency is placed on a stage held in fixed relationship to the ultraviolet lamp by a housing. A sensor circuit responds to the fluorescent radiation from the paper currency to give a signal to an indicator which displays an indication of the fluorescence of the unknown paper currency relative to genuine paper currency. The sensor is a photoresistor and the indicator is a variable intensity light or a digital display.

Abstract: An optical counting device of the type used for counting mineral particles suspended within a liquid, for example, ore float tailings. The counting device includes a plate imprinted with a gridiron in its mid-portion, an absorbent doughnut pad removably supported upon the plate and conformed such that the gridiron on the plate is in register with the open space of the doughnut pad and a doughnut housing having an open space at its mid-portion defining a counting chamber in register with the gridiron and open space of the absorbent pad. The counting chamber facilitates a random distribution of suspended particles over the gridiron, while the suspending medium is withdrawn into the absorbent pad.

Abstract: The light source comprises a light emitter (31) which emits a plurality of beams of light (32) of different colors, a deflector (33) which receives said plurality of different color beams and which deflects them through angles Oi which are a function both of an input control signal (36) and of the wavelength of the light being deflected. An optical system (37) receives said divergent beams of different colors and focuses them to a single point (39). Said point can be used to trace lines on a screen under the control of the control signal to the deflector, and the optical system avoids color fringing.

Abstract: Process and monitor for detecting the presence of particles in an effluent fluid, which particles emit fluorescent light upon irradiation. As used to monitor ion exchange resin fines in effluent liquid in a steam power plant, there are probe means to inject fluorescence-stimulating light into a volume of the effluent liquid. Detector means are disposed to receive emitted fluorescent light from any particles in the effluent, and there are means actuatable by said detector means for generating a signal to indicate the presence of particles in the effluent.

Abstract: A method of changing the energy of charged particles contained in a gas comprises allowing the gas to flow into a region of reduced pressure through a tube like member so that viscous forces exerted on the charged particles by the flowing gas molecules determine the kinetic energy of the charged particles. A potential gradient is maintained along the length of the tube so that the potential energy of the charged particles is changed as they pass through the tube. At the end of the tube a free jet expansion occurs so that the kinetic energy of the charged particles is no longer determined by the flowing gas, so that they can be accelerated to any desired kinetic energy by means of another potential gradient.The invention can be used to interface any high pressure ion source to a magnetic sector mass spectrometer, or to permit the operation of an electrospray ion source with an earthed inlet capillary with either a quadrupole or a magnetic sector mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A method of determining the invasion of drilling fluid into a core sample taken from a borehole. A first material is added to the drilling fluid to obtain a first fluid that has an effective atomic number that is different than the effective atomic number of the connate fluids in the rock formation surrounding the borehole. A preserved core sample is collected from the borehole for scanning by a computerized axial tomographic scanner (CAT) to determine the attenuation coefficients at a plurality of points in a cross section of the core sample. The preserved core sample is scanned with a CAT at first and second energies, and the determined attenuation coefficients for the plurality of points in the cross section at each energy are used to determine an atomic number image for the cross section of the core sample. The depth of invasion of the first fluid is then determined from the atomic number image, as an indication of the depth of invasion of the drilling fluid into the core sample.

Abstract: A high speed multiple section, computed-tomographic X-ray scanner includes a plurality of radiation detectors arranged in two rings. Each detector comprises an elongated scintillator crystal, a small area photodiode positioned at one end of the crystal, and a light reflector positioned at the opposite end of the crystal with the crystal functioning as a light pipe in directing light to the photodiode. An active low pass filter is employed as a preamplifier for current from each photodiode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an intruder detector for use in a burglary in which infra-red radiation is imaged onto a sensor 16. The imaging system, which serves to divide the area of surveillance into monitored and unmonitored zones and to focus the radiation onto the sensor, consists of a window 12 constructed as a flat one-piece segmented Fresnel lens, each segment 12a, 12b and 12c focusing energy from a different respective monitored zone onto the sensor 16. The lens is double sided with one side acting as a convex lens and the other as a set of deflecting prisms.