Abstract: A conversion function for converting between the euro and other currencies is provided that converts a value in one type of currency to a value in another type of currency according to EU-specified conversion rules and rounding rules. The conversion function may utilize full-precision computation or may convert the value utilizing a user-supplied number of significant digits. A method and apparatus for formatting the results of a conversion in a user-modifiable euro style is also provided. A formatting toolbar button is supplied that when selected applies a euro style to a selected currency value or range of values. A conversion wizard for converting a group of values or functions between the euro and other currencies is also provided. The wizard permits user-selected formula handling options to be selected at the time of conversion. A toolbar for viewing the results of the conversion is also provided.

Abstract: Software aggregates and integrates credit exposure and credit data across accounting, trading and operational systems within an organization and generates views of available credit in light of the exposure and credit limits. A comprehensive model of exposure to all counterparties, across all of their divisions and subsidiaries, is assembled, enabling the creation of a hierarchical view of each counterparty that models its real-world parent-child relationships. Credit limits are set across the enterprise, supporting the organization's unique methodology and business process, and on a granular basis, incorporating factors such as external credit ratings, internal credit scores, commodity, geographic region, deal duration, and security instruments. Credit, transactions, and risk are then determined at any level in the hierarchy.

Abstract: The present invention relates a futures exchange for services contracts. The SerFEx is an electronic market system that enables the exchange of cash (spot and forward) contracts and futures contracts for the delivery of services. Services are traded on the exchange similar to commodities on a prior art commodities exchange. The exchange allows the futures market to determine the right price for services for the producers and consumers of those services. Participants may buy, sell, or leverage services contracts through a variety of order types. The exchange is composed of an electronic infrastructure that has four major components: a front-end facility comprised of licensed authorized intermediaries, an automated bid/ask matching system, a clearinghouse system, and a title management system. The exchange operates twenty-four hours per day and seven days per week with all accounts settled at least once in every twenty-four hours.

Abstract: A system for information management consists of a product, for instance a notepad sheet, which has a writing surface (3) with a position code (5), which codes a plurality of positions on the surface, and a device, which is adapted to record the information which is being written on the writing surface by detecting the position code. Moreover, on the product there are a number of activation icons (7a-g). When such an activation icon is detected by the device, the device initiates a predetermined operation which utilizes the recorded information. Such an operation can, for instance, consist of sending the recorded information to an indicated address. A product, a device, a method and a computer program for information management are also shown.

Abstract: Method for managing a closing of an account of a user. The method includes receiving an identifier of the account of the user, retrieving status information associated with the identifier and determining whether the account is coded to close from the retrieved status information. Thereafter, automatically providing from the retrieved status information a reason why the account has not been closed if the account is determined to be coded to close.

Abstract: The invention provides a system and method for developing intellectual property (IP) assets, by collecting one or more IP assets in accordance with a characterization; determining a market value for the collection in accordance with a plurality of uses for the assets so characterized; holding the collection in an investment trust (IT), which is sold to investors; and exploiting the collection, using investor contributions to make markets for the various uses of the asserts, obtaining revenue in these markets, and distributing profits to the investors.

Abstract: A digital computer machine and a data processing system, methods involving the same and products produced thereby, as well as data structures and articles of manufacture pertaining thereto, as pertains to an auction for trading preferred return securities.

Abstract: An automated banking machine (12) is operative to conduct transactions in response to HTML documents and TCP/IP messages exchanged with a local computer system (14) through an intranet (16), as well as in response to messages exchanged with foreign servers (20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 96) in a wide area network (18). The banking machine includes a computer (34) having a document handling portion (76, 80, 82) including one or more browsers. The document handling portion is operative to communicate through a proxy server (88), with a home HTTP server (90) in the intranet or the foreign servers in the wide area network. The computer further includes a device application portion (84) which interfaces with the document handling portion and dispatches messages to operate devices (36) in the automated banking machine. The devices include a sheet dispenser mechanism (42) which dispenses currency as well as other transaction function devices.

Abstract: An electronic commerce system and method has a number of computer systems connected by a network, including a broker computer system having a database of scrips representing a form of currency, a vendor computer system having a database containing products which may be exchanged for the scrips, and a consumer computer system with which a user may initiate transactions to obtain the products contained in the database of the vendor computer system in return for scrip. The broker issues scrip to the consumer having a Customer ID including a Hash subfield containing a value produced by consumer identifying information hashed with a nonce. When the scrip is exchanged for additional scrip, the value in the Hash subfield is hashed with another nonce. The consumer stores the nonces used to produce the Hash subfield in a wallet.

Abstract: A financial services payment vehicle is disclosed having a database stored on a computer readable media, the database including records associated with a plurality of active financial services card accounts, one of the financial services card account records having a name representing a cardholder for purposes of using the account, the name having a first part selected by the cardholder and a second part selected by a second party unrelated to the cardholder. A financial services method is also disclosed involving selecting a first part of a cardholder name for an account which would appear on a financial services card if a physical card is issued, accepting an unrelated entity's selection of a second part of the cardholder name for the account such that a use of the account will result in a provision of the first part in place of a first name and the second part in place of a surname.

Abstract: An electronic exchange system network includes a trader site having an automated trading system capable of submitting orders to an exchange site. The automated trading system determines whether an order should be submitted based on, for example, the current market price of an option and theoretical buy and sell prices. The theoretical buy and sell prices are derived from, among other things, the current market price of the security underlying the option. A look-up table stores a range of theoretical buy and sell prices for a given range of current market price of the underlying security. Accordingly, as the price of the underlying security changes, a new theoretical price may be indexed in the look-up table, thereby avoiding calculations that would otherwise slow automated trading decisions. Other techniques may be used in addition or in the alternative to speed automatic decision-making. In addition, a system of checks may be conducted to ensure accurate and safe automated trading.

Abstract: A system for selecting products is described. The system includes a computer executing a process to retrieve a product aesthetic tag associated with a particular product type selected by a customer. The aesthetic tag contains values that represent aesthetic features of the product and a process to form a result tag that contains a value corresponding to how well aesthetic features of the product match to aesthetic preferences of the customer.

Abstract: A billing method and billing system to determine usage fees which are charged to the user of a digital telecommunications network, whereby a usage fee charged for a connection is determined prior to establishing this connection from statistical characteristics of previous connections of the user, is described. Usage fees are determined from a dynamic client profile, derived from one or multiple random variables of previous connections of the user, which is stored in memory and rederived after each new customer connection. In a simple variant, the client profile contains a value proportional to the average price per connection or to the average duration of a connection of the user. The random variables used to derive the client profile include, for example, the connection duration, the time of day, the day of the week, and/or geographic characteristics of previous connections.

Abstract: A service configured to be accessible by two or more parties to a two-sided funds transfer transaction through a computer network (e.g., the Internet) provides functionality for sending a payment request to a target payer or payee who is not yet registered with the service. Depending upon who is initiating the transaction (i.e., a payer or a payee) the payment requests may be received as requests to send payments or requests to collect payments. In the latter case, the service may be further organized to solicit a payment, for example by transmitting an e-mail message to a second party to the funds transfer transaction. When used to collect payments, the service may be further organized to process one or more responses to the above-mentioned solicitations.

Abstract: Media which stores protected content is distributed to users without the need for payment at the time of media distribution. Payment can be performed at a later time in response to which content may be enabled, and/or users may selectively pay for, and receive enablement of, content such that only portions of content on given media may be accessible at a given time. Following the first enablement of content, access rights may be expanded or otherwise changed, e.g., in response to a second payment.

Abstract: An automated system and method for creating a class of loan securities includes determining if a characteristic for each of a plurality the loans satisfies at least one criteria, selecting each of the plurality of loans that satisfy the criteria, and creating the class of loan securities using the selected loans.

Abstract: According to the invention, a process for transferring funds between a payor and a payee in an online transaction is disclosed. In one step, information is received from the payor for debiting a bank account associated with the payor. Authorization is transmitted to the payee to request debits from the payor. The total of all debit requests does not exceed an amount that is authorized. A first request is received from the payee to debit the customer a first portion of the amount. A first debit is initiated from the bank account for the first portion of the amount. A second request is received from the payee to debit the payor a second portion of the amount. A second debit is initiated from the bank account for the second portion of the amount.

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing the characteristics of sub-time periods of a time period over which a change of trend of a price evolution of a plurality of stock options occurs is disclosed. The system comprises means for storing data representative of the price evolution of the plurality of stock options and means for aggregating the data associated with each stock option and for creating for each stock option a standard description of the stock option's price for each sub-time period. Each standard description generated is converted into a candlestick pattern being chosen among a predetermined typology of a plurality of candlestick patterns. For each stock option, each standard description of a current sub-time period is also compared to the standard description of a previous sub-time period, and a comparison code chosen among a predetermined typology of a plurality of comparison codes is allocated to each comparison.

Abstract: An electronic exchange system network includes a trader site having an automated trading system capable of submitting orders and/or quotes to an exchange site. The automated trading system determines whether an order or quote should be submitted based on, for example, the current market price of an option and theoretical buy and sell prices. The theoretical buy and sell prices are derived from, among other things, the current market price of the security underlying the option. The theoretical buy and sell prices are calculated when underlying factors that contribute to the theoretical prices change. Computation times of the theoretical prices may be reduced by using precalculated values and/or using interpolation and extrapolation. Other techniques may be used in addition or in the alternative to speed automatic decision-making. In addition, a system of checks may be conducted to ensure accurate and safe automated trading.

Abstract: Described herein is method of managing an investment portfolio having a plurality of investment funds, said managing method comprising establishing an allocation of assets among said investment funds and rebalancing said investment funds substantially back to said allocation on a periodic basis. Also described is a method wherein the rebalancing back to the allocation is initiated in response to a transaction, such as a withdrawal loan issue, or change in allocation, in one or more of the funds.