Abstract: A chopping technique, and associated structure, is implemented to cancel the magnetic 1/f noise contribution in a Tunneling Magnetoresistance (TMR) field sensor. The TMR field sensor includes a first bridge circuit including multiple TMR elements to sense a magnetic field and a second circuit to apply a bipolar current pulse adjacent to each TMR element. The current lines are serially or sequentially connected to a current source to receive the bipolar current pulse. The field sensor has an output including a high output and a low output in response to the bipolar pulse. This asymmetric response allows a chopping technique for 1/f noise reduction in the field sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments relate generally to systems and methods for a low profile PID typically including a flexible substrate; two or more electrodes containing an array of holes; a spacer with one or more holes; and two or more contacts corresponding to the electrodes. Typically, the unfolded flexible substrate defines a plane, and the electrodes are disposed on the flexible substrate such that when the flexible substrate is folded, one electrode is located on a top plane and another electrode is located on a bottom plane and the spacer is disposed between the electrodes to form an ionization chamber for use with a UV radiation source.

Abstract: A method of displaying a residual capacity of a secondary battery causes a computer of a display device to calculate a residual capacity of a secondary battery that stores electric power for driving a motor-driven vehicle based on an estimated value of an open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery storing the residual capacity calculated at the time of stopping of supply of electric power of the secondary battery and displaying the residual capacity at the time of stopping of supply of electric power on a display at the time of starting of supply of electric power of the secondary battery and subsequently displaying the residual capacity of the secondary battery on the display within a range with an upper limit value and a lower limit value with respect to the residual capacity at the time of stopping of supply of electric power.

Abstract: Techniques for identifying electrical theft are described herein. In an example, a secondary voltage of a transformer may be inferred by repeated voltage and current measurement at each meter associated with the transformer. A difference in measured voltage values, divided by a difference in measured current values, estimates impedance at the meter. The calculated impedance, together with measured voltage and current values, determine a voltage at the transformer secondary. Such voltages calculated by each meter associated with a transformer may be averaged, to indicate the transformer secondary voltage. A transformer having lower-than-expected secondary voltage is identified, based in part on comparison to the secondary voltages of other transformers. Each meter associated with the identified transformer may be evaluated to determine if the unexpected voltage is due to a load on the transformer. If a load did not result in the unexpected secondary voltage, power diversion may be reported.

Abstract: By a first energization process of applying a voltage with the power supply to cause a current for charging the electrical storage device to flow through the circuit and a second energization process of, when a transition condition is satisfied during the first energization process, decreasing the voltage of the power supply to cause the current to further flow, a condition of an electrical storage is determined. An effective resistance value of the circuit is set to 0.1? or below. A decrease in the voltage of the power supply in transition from the first energization process to the second energization process is set such that the effective resistance value in the second energization process is an intermediate value between a parasitic resistance value of the circuit and the effective resistance value in the first energization process.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes a lead-acid battery, a battery management unit. The battery management unit defines, based on an open voltage of the lead-acid battery, a first amount of change in a capacity of the lead-acid battery from a reference state, correlating with the open voltage of the lead-acid battery and caused by a first deterioration factor and defines, based on the first amount of change in the capacity and an amount of change in overall internal resistance of the lead-acid battery from the reference state, a second amount of change in a capacity of the lead-acid battery, not correlating with the open voltage and caused by a second deterioration factor. The battery management unit defines, based on the first and second amounts of change in the capacity, at least one of a battery capacity of the lead-acid battery or an amount of change in the battery capacity from the reference state.

Abstract: The detecting device includes a detecting unit including a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode being used as a first capacitor. The detecting device includes a drive unit configured to apply a first drive signal to the first drive terminal such that the first drive signal is alternately inverted between a first period and a second period. The detecting device includes a converting unit configured to convert a charge charged at the signal terminal into a voltage and includes a difference processing unit configured to obtain a difference between the first output voltage and the second output voltage.

Abstract: Techniques for hot socket detection are disclosed. In an example, a meter includes a current transformer with a secondary bifilar winding. The meter is in proximity to a current coil. The secondary bifilar winding includes a first bifilar winding and a second bifilar winding. A start lead of the first bifilar winding is connected to a start lead of the second bifilar winding. The meter further includes a voltage source configured to generate a direct current (DC) voltage signal. The DC voltage signal is provided to a finish lead of the first bifilar winding. A first sense resistor is connected between a finish lead of the second bifilar winding and ground. A processing circuit receives a signal indicating a voltage across the first sense resistor and determines a temperature associated with the current coil. The processing circuit is further configured to detect a hot socket condition based on the temperature.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting moisture that includes at least three conductors. One of the conductors has a different resistance than the other conductors. A liquid extends between the conductors. The difference between the impedance through a pair of conductors and the liquid and the impedance of through another pair of conductors and the liquid may be used to determine the position of the liquid along a length of the conductors. Similar methods may be used to determine an area of a liquid with respect to the conductors.

Abstract: A capacitive proximity switch has a fiber composite body, which has an electrically non-conductive matrix and a multiplicity of fibers embedded in the matrix. The capacitive proximity switch includes at least one first capacitive proximity sensor, at least one second capacitive proximity sensor and one or more sensor evaluation devices. The first capacitive proximity sensor has at least one sensor electrode, which has at least one electrically conductive fiber, which is embedded in the matrix. The second capacitive proximity sensor has at least one further sensor electrode, which has at least one electrically conductive fiber, which is embedded in the matrix. The sensor electrode of the first capacitive proximity sensor and the further sensor electrode of the second capacitive proximity sensor are each connected to a sensor evaluation apparatus.

Abstract: A capacitive sensor including a sensor electrode connected to a signal generation circuit and a signal evaluation circuit. The signal generation circuit contains a signal generator that is a noise generator or a pseudo-noise generator, the signal evaluation circuit includes a synchronous rectifier. The synchronous rectifier is connected for synchronization to the signal generator.

Abstract: A method for key predictors and machine learning for configuring battery cell performance may include providing a cell that includes a cathode, a separator, and a silicon-dominant anode; measuring a plurality of parameters of the cell; and using a machine learning model to determine cycle life based on the plurality of measured parameters, where one of the measured parameters includes second cycle coulombic efficiency. The plurality of parameters may include initial coulombic efficiency, cell impedance values, open-circuit voltage, cell thickness, and impedance after degassing. A first subset of the plurality of parameters may be measured before a formation process. A second subset of the plurality of parameters may be measured during a formation process, where the plurality of parameters may include a voltage reached during a first 10% of a first formation cycle. A third subset of the plurality of parameters may be measured during cycling of the cell.

Abstract: A method for battery capacity estimation is provided. The method includes, within a computerized processor, monitoring a sensor operable to gather data regarding a battery, determining a voltage-based state of charge for the battery based upon the data from the sensor, determining a capacity degradation value for the battery based upon the data from the sensor, determining an integrated current value through Coulomb counting based upon the data from the sensor, determining a predicted battery state of charge for the battery based upon the capacity degradation value and the integrated current value, processing the voltage-based state of charge and the predicted battery state of charge using a Kalman filter to generate an updated overall battery capacity estimate, and using the updated overall battery capacity estimate to control management of the battery.

Abstract: A sensor includes a substrate, a reference electrode provided above the substrate, a lower electrode provided above the reference electrode via an insulating film, and an upper electrode provided above the lower electrode via a physical quantity detecting film. The upper electrode and the lower electrode form a parallel-plate-type detection capacitor, and the lower electrode and the reference electrode form a parallel-plate-type reference capacitor.

Abstract: A method for detecting failure of a battery cell due to an unknown discharge current, including connecting a detector in series between the battery cell and a power supply for supplying a charging power, determining whether the charging of the battery cell progresses by the charging power in excess of a predetermined battery cell specific charging reference time, measuring a current value of the battery cell in real time if the charging of the battery cell progresses in excess of the battery cell specific charging reference time, determining whether the current value of the battery cell measured in real time exceeds a predetermined battery cell specific failure determination reference current range value, and determining a state of the battery cell as a failure state if the current value of the battery cell exceeds the predetermined battery cell specific failure determination reference current range value.

Abstract: A method for key predictors and machine learning for configuring battery cell performance may include providing a cell that may include a cathode, a separator, and a silicon-dominant anode; measuring a plurality of parameters of the cell; and using a machine learning model to determine cell performance based on the plurality of measured parameters. The plurality of parameters may include initial coulombic efficiency and/or second cycle coulombic efficiency. Cells may be classified based on the determined cell performance and similarly performing cells may be binned together. A battery pack may be provided with a plurality of cells. The plurality of cells may be assessed during cycling using the machine learning model. One or more of the plurality of cells may be replaced when the assessing determines a different performance of the one or more of the plurality of cells. The battery pack may be in an electric vehicle.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus for monitoring of an electrical energy source features one measuring circuit for each pole of the energy source, which is designed to connect the particular pole via a voltage divider to the reference potential. An evaluating device is provided to detect a particular voltage value at the particular voltage divider and based on the detected voltage values, determines a source voltage datum for the source voltage of the energy source. For at least one of the measuring circuits the total electrical resistance is dependent on a switch state of a particular switching element, and the evaluation device is designed, by switching of the particular switching element, to adjust at least two different switching constellations of the measuring circuits, and based on the voltage values detected for the switching constellations, determines overall resistance data for isolation resistances of the energy source.

Abstract: A method may determine a remaining capacity of a cell that includes a lithium-alloying material in an electrode using a controller. The method includes receiving a temperature signal representing a temperature of a partially discharged cell and receiving a voltage signal representing a voltage of the partially discharged cell. The method further includes determining a time-dependent fade component and a cycle-dependent fade component of the cell. The time-dependent fade component of the cell is determined based on the temperature, the voltage, and an operating time of the cell. The cycle-dependent fade component of the cell is determined based on a depth of discharge of the partially discharged cell and cycle count data representing cycle-dependent fade from previous cycles of the cell. The method further includes determining a remaining capacity of the cell based on the time-dependent fade component, the cycle-dependent fade component, and a reference capacity of the cell.

Abstract: A method of determining an aging level of a battery includes utilizing a first charging device to charge a first battery; utilizing a second obtaining device to obtain a plurality of first steady open-circuit voltages (OCVs) of the first battery when a charging state of the first battery respectively reaches a plurality of first stop-charge conditions; utilizing a second charging device to charge a second battery; utilizing a third obtaining device to obtain a stop-charge parameter of the second battery and a second steady OCV of the second battery corresponding to the stop-charge parameter of the second battery; and utilizing an aging level determining device to determine an aging level of the second battery relative to the first battery according to the second steady OCV of the second battery and one of the first steady OCVs of the first battery corresponding to the stop-charge parameter of the second battery.

Abstract: Dynamically monitoring of an electrically-isolated power bus for a DC power system is described, and includes dynamically monitoring voltage and current on the power bus to determine a variation in the voltage on the power bus. When the variation in the voltage on the power bus is less than a threshold, an active positive isolation resistance term and an active negative isolation resistance term are determined. A first voltage balance term is determined based upon a ratio of the active positive isolation resistance term and the active negative isolation resistance term. A dynamic positive isolation resistance term and a dynamic negative isolation resistance term are determined based upon the active negative isolation resistance term. A fault associated with the power bus is determined based upon the dynamic positive isolation resistance term and the dynamic negative isolation resistance term.