Abstract: Improved apparatus and process to electrolytically produce chlorine gas and an alkali metal hydroxide in a diaphragm cell. The improved process comprises circulating the catholyte and contacting a foraminous cathode with an oxidizing gas having a regulatably controlled moisture content.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and process to electrolytically produce chlorine gas and an alkali metal hydroxide in a diaphragm cell. The improved process comprises employing a cation exchange diaphragm and contacting a foraminous cathode with an oxidizing gas having a regulatably controlled moisture content, while substantially simultaneously regulating the anolyte and catholyte compositions. The catholyte upper surface level is kept at a higher level than the anolyte upper surface.

Abstract: The use of composite cathodes comprising a metal substrate having thereon a coating of rhenium in electrolytic cells for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal halide solutions reduces the cell voltage requirements in comparison to the conventional ferrous metal cathodes traditionally used in such cells.

Abstract: An improved means for sealing the gaseous product header of an electrolytic cell is provided which comprises a water trap positioned below the gas header duct and in communication therewith, a means for draining said water trap positioned in the lower portion thereof, a liquid inlet, preferably associated with said draining means, a non-porous baffle member extending from said header into the water trap and means connecting said draining means with said cell.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrochemical process and cell, the electrochemical cell comprising an anode compartment through which flows an anolyte and a cathode compartment through which flows a catholyte separated, at least in part, by an ion-permeable wall, wherein the operating pressures within the anode compartment and the cathode compartment are controlled in a manner such that there is not a large difference of pressure across said ion-permeable wall. The operating pressures are advantageously controlled by a flow impeder constituted by a plurality of perforated plates or baffles disposed within an electrode compartment of the cell.

Abstract: A novel anode base structure is provided for an electrolytic cell which can enable the electrolytic cell to be designed to operate as a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell at high current capacities of about 150,000 amperes and upward to about 200,000 amperes while maintaining high operating efficiencies. These high current capacities provide for high production capacities which result in high production rates for given cell room floor areas and reduce capital investment and operating costs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for creating high shear stresses in a particulate suspension prior to use of such suspension for imaging or inking. The method and apparatus in one environment function to stress a thin layer of an electrophoretic suspension of particles in a liquid carrier. The prestressed suspension is better suited than unstressed suspensions for preparing both monochromatic and polychromatic copies from originals by particle migration through the suspension when it is exposed to electromagnetic radiation in image configuration while in an electric field across the suspension between two electrodes. The method and apparatus is also used for printing inks in order to form a prestressed, uniform, thin layer of the ink for application to the press.

Abstract: Apparatus for electrolyzing a liquid having an electrolytically regeneratable ionic oxidizing agent, the apparatus including an anode having a tubular portion and a cathode having a cylindrical portion inside the tubular portion of the anode. The opposing surfaces of the tubular anode portion and the cylindrical cathode portion are substantially uniform and concentric about a common axis. In one embodiment, the anode and cathode are each made of a plurality of portions, with means for electrically connecting anode-cathode pairs of said portions in series.

Abstract: A hollow niobium body, rotatable about a horizontal axis, is arranged for partial immersion in an electrolyte of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, HF and H.sub.2 O. A generally concentric opening at one end receives a cathode. Evolved gases rise therefrom and escape into a vapor space above without contacting the immersed surfaces of the niobium body. The cathode is hollow and is perforate in the portion introduced into the body in order to feed electrolyte into the body. For polishing, constant electric voltage is applied between the hollow niobium body and the cathode and adjusted in such a manner that damped current oscillations occur which are superimposed on the electrolytic current. Not later than after the complete decay of the current oscillations, the voltage is turned off until the oxide layer built up during the current oscillations is dissolved.

Abstract: A nonsymmetrical electroplating barrel having two end pieces and six sides, one side being a door opening suitable for loading and unloading the barrel. The door opening having a width greater than each of the other five sides. The two sides closest to the door opening being of the same width but being of a smaller width than the door and the other three sides. The three sides farthest from the door being of uniform width. The purpose of the dimensional limitations is to increase the inside volume of the electroplating barrel while using a conventional pair of end pieces thereby allowing the larger volume barrel to be substituted in conventional sizes of electroplating tanks.

Abstract: An electrode is provided for use in electrolytic cells employing metal electrodes. The electrode comprises two electrode surfaces positioned in parallel and having a space between them: and at least two conductive supports one conductive support separately attached to each electrode surface and positioned in the space between the electrode surfaces. The conductive supports are also attached to and are substantially perpendicular to an electrode plate.The electrode assembly is employed in electrolytic cells for producing chlorine and caustic soda or oxychlorine compounds by the electrolkysis of alkali metal chloride solutions.

Abstract: Describes an electrolysis cell having metal anodes (preferably titanium) and metal cathodes connected together, back to back, by a metal to metal contact forming a bimetallic partition. The anodes and cathodes are in wave form with their active surfaces intermeshed together and the cell may be unipolar or bipolar with terminal positive and negative end unit cells and a plurality of intermediate cell units.