Abstract: A process wherein a blast furnace is operated with oxygen instead of air to provide hot metal and a top gas of essentially carbon monoxide which is disproportionated, or decomposed, to carbon black.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation and a permeability of at least 1870 (G/O.sub.e) at 10 oersteds. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel containing from 0.02 to 0.06% carbon, from 0.0006 to 0.0080% boron, up to 0.0100% nitrogen, no more than 0.008% aluminum and from 2.5 to 4.0% silicon; casting said steel; hot rolling said steel; cold rolling said steel; decarburizing said steel; applying a refractory oxide coating containing both boron and an oxide less stable than SiO.sub.2 at temperatures up to 2150.degree. F; and final texture annealing said steel.

Abstract: Aluminum-silicon-iron alloys exhibiting an excellent combination of properties are disclosed. The process for preparing these alloys is also disclosed. In this process an aluminum-silicon-iron alloy powder is formed, sintered and hot-pressed simultaneously with or after sintering. The alloy powder can contain 4-9%, by weight, aluminum, 8-11%, by weight, silicon and the remainder iron. Pressures for hot-pressing of at least 1000 psi. and sintering temperatures of at least 1205.degree. C are disclosed. The process can also include the additional step of nitriding the alloy powder prior to sintering. Such nitriding prevents or retards grain growth during sintering and provides increased electrical resistivity and hardness in the end product.

Abstract: A copper-hardened permanent-magnet alloy consisting of cobalt, copper and at least one of the rare-earth metals (RE) with atomic number 57 - 71, is characterized by a coarse-grained matrix of the composition Re (Co.sub.1-y Cu.sub.y).sub.6+X, wherein 0.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.1 and 0.15<y<0.35.

Abstract: Titanium alloy or cast titanium alloy is heat-treated in vacuum or a neutral atmosphere to convert the abnormal structure of the alloy to normal .alpha. or .alpha. + .beta. structure. The titanium alloy or cast titanium alloy thus heat-treated can have sufficiently good material characteristics by the ordinary successive heat treatments.

Abstract: A method of producing a magnetic material comprising reducing in a solution of a salt of a metal capable of forming a ferromagnetic material with a reducing agent comprising at least one of a borohydride and a derivative thereof, in a solution containing a hydroxide ion concentration of at least about 0.001N and not higher than about 0.6N.

Abstract: An annealing separator for silicon steel sheets comprising not less than 90.00% by weight of an MgO and 0.01 to 2.0% by weight of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the form of nMgO.B.sub.2 O.sub.3 with the balance being unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A relatively thin coat of calcium metaborate is electrolytically-applied directly to the surface of a boron-containing electrical steel and a substantially thicker overcoat of Mg(OH).sub.2 is electrolytically-deposited on the calcium metaborate coating to provide a duplex coating about 0.2 mil thick.

Abstract: The thermo-magnetic-treated anisotropic permanent magnet alloy of the present invention consists essentially of, by weight, 17 to 45% chromium, 3 to 14.5% cobalt, 0.2 to 5% silicon and balance substantially iron, preferably 23 to 35% chromium, 7 to 14.5% of cobalt, 0.3 to 3% silicon and balance substantially iron and has a residual magnetic flux density of 7000 Gauss or more and a coersive force of 300 Oersted or more. In order to obtain the alloy, an alloy having the above identified composition is initially aged at a temperature of 570.degree. C to 670.degree. C for a period of 10 minutes to 5 hours in a magnetic field and secondarily aged at a temperature within 200.degree. C below the thermo-magnetic treatment temperature for a period of 30 minutes to 50 hours.

Abstract: A process for producing a steel having excellent strength and toughness, which comprises continuously casting a molten steel containing 0.01 - 0.10% Al and 0.002 - 0.009% N with an average cooling rate of not lower than 3.degree. C/min. down to 500.degree. C to obtain a steel slab heating the steel slab to a temperature ranging from 900.degree. to 1150.degree. C and rolling the steel slab.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of cobalt-rare earth permanent magnets formed of consolidated particles thereof, for installation within electromagnetic devices such as induction watthour meters, and the product thereof. The method includes the magnetization of the consolidated cobalt-rare earth to substantial saturation in a predetermined polarity, the demagnetization and installation of the cobalt-rare earth permanent magnet while in a demagnetized state in an electromagnetic device, then its remagnetization in situ within the device to substantial saturation in a magnetizing field of the same predetermined polarity.

Abstract: Ferromagnetic metal or alloy particles are prepared by reducing ferromagnetic metal ions in the solution with a reducing agent to obtain a slurry of ferromagnetic metal or alloy particles and separating the particles by attracting the particles on a magnetic drum which is rotated under contacting with the slurry, and washing the particles and separating the particles from the magnetic drum.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers derived from the copolymerization of a conjugated diene and maleic acid and/or a maleic acid derivative having certain anionic and cationic components are disclosed. When dissolved in aqueous media, the polymers are useful as quenching agents for metals.

Abstract: Use of a shaft kiln in continuous smelting and refining of cement copper is made possible with a mix preheater, a refined gas preheater, an air preheater, an air mix feeder and forehearths for cement oxidation and reduction, and wherein oxidation is achieved by injecting oxidant gases and reduction by injecting preheated petroleum gas, subsequent to having placed a layer of charcoal on the smelt.

Abstract: A permanent magnetic material has the composition (MM.sub.1-x ND.sub.x) .sub.1-y Sm.sub.y Co.sub.5, in which 0.25 < x < 1,0 .ltoreq. y .ltoreq. 0.25, and MM is a misch metal of the composition Ce.sub..alpha. La.sub..beta. Pr.sub..gamma. wherein the parameters .alpha., .beta., .gamma., satisfy the conditions0.50 < .alpha. < 0.700.22 < .beta. < 0.450.00 < .gamma. < 0.06, and.alpha. + .beta. + .gamma. = 1.

Abstract: Flint is produced from a mischmetal and iron melt by permitting the alloy melt to cool in a mold at a slow enough rate that, as the solidification point of the melt is approached, its temperature is maintained at 800.degree.-600.degree. C for at least 10 minutes. The alloy melt is subsequently extruded and the extrudate is subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures from 370.degree.-470.degree. C for 1/2 to 4 hours, the heat treatment being discontinued before the limit value of the thermodynamic equilibrium has been reached.

Abstract: A method for treating a steel slab containing 2.5 to 4% Si to a temperature not lower than 1260.degree. C. in a continuous heating furnace of the walking-beam type, comprising; charging the slabs into the continuous heating furnace through its charge inlet, transferring the slabs by means of walking-beams in the furnace with the rear end of a preceding slab substantially contacting a front end of a subsequent slab under the condition that the contact time of the slab with fixed beams is not more than three times longer than the contact time of the slab with the transfer beams, and separating the adjacent slabs with a space sufficient to permit remelting of solidified slag adhered between the adjacent slabs approaching the extraction outlet of the furnace.

Abstract: A method for adding reactive elements to molten copper or copper base alloys is disclosed. This method prevents unwanted reactions and oxidation by adding the reactive elements to the molten metal in the form of a powder mixture placed within tubing which is compatible with said molten metal. This filled tubing is sealed and drawn down, if desired, to an appropriate size for rapid melting within said molten metal and consequent rapid dissolution of the reactive elements throughout the molten metal.

Abstract: Austenitized ferrous metal, such as carbon steel, is quenched by means of an aqueous solution of a salt of polyacrylic acid which develops an extremely stable and uniform water vapor envelope surrounding the steel. Rate of cooling is controlled by (1) the molecular weight of the salt, (2) concentration of the salt in the solution, (3) solution temperature, and (4) the degree of agitation of the quenchant solution. In the case of carbon steel, by proper selection of the above variables, the austenitic structure of the hot steel may be directly transformed into non-martensitic structures of improved ductility, machinability and cold working properties, such as fine striped pearlite, without the necessity of further heat treatments, such as tempering, following quenching.The quenching solution may also be used to quench parts formed of alloy steel to obtain a martensitic structure without unwanted cracking and distortion. Non-ferrous metals may also be quenched using the polyacrylate quenching solution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of vacuum carburizing by changing the surface chemistry of a metal article through absorption and thermal diffusion of carbon, wherein oxidizing gases and other impurities are initially removed from the chamber in which the metal article is treated by evacuation and the temperature in the chamber is maintained at a level above normal carburizing temperatures, but at a point that is compatible with the physical characteristics of the chamber and the article; whereafter a source of carbon is introduced into the evacuated chamber in accordance with a preselected cycle and at a concentration that is controlled by the absolute pressure of the carbon in the chamber, so that the carbon is absorbed and diffused into the metal article at a controlled rate.