Abstract: Isobutane containing a significant amount of isobutylene is treated at conditions effective to oligomerize a predominance of the isobutylene, isobutane substantially free of isobutylene is separated from the oligomer products, and the isobutane substantially free of isobutylene is oxidized to tertiary butyl hydroperoxide.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for preparing [2.2] paracyclophane and derivatives thereof by conducting the Hofmann elimination of p-methylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, or derivatives thereof, in the presence of an effective amount of oxygen to inhibit the formation of by-product polymers. The oxygen can be introduced, for example, by a purge gas stream containing molecular oxygen. Products produced by the processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the preparation of phenylhydroquinone wherein hydroquinone is first alkylated with cyclohexene to produce cyclohexylhydroquinone which is then dehydrogenated to obtain phenylhydroquinone. The improvement comprises carrying out both the alkylation and dehydrogenation reactions in the presence of a solvent comprising diphenyl ether, biphenyl or a mixture thereof. The solvent possesses selective solubility for hydroquinone and cyclohexylhydroquinone which permits the separation of unreacted hydroquinone from the alkylation reaction product. The boiling point of the solvent also permits the dehydrogenation reaction to be performed at substantially atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Solid solutions of magnesium oxide-aluminum oxide related to hydrotalcite and what previously has been referred to as synthetic hydrotalcites, have been prepared with a surface area in excess of 250 m.sup.2 lg, especially at low Mg/Al atom ratios. Such high surface area materials are found to be quite effective in the aldol condensation of aldehydes, and in particular in the conversion of n-butyraldehyde to 2-ethyl-2-hexenal in high yield and with good selectivity in a liquid phase reaction at temperatures under about 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Acid contaminants leached from acidic ion-exchange resins and carried in process streams with phenol are separated from the phenol by passing the process stream in contact with an anionic exchange resin, whereby the acid contaminants react with and bond to the anionic exchange resin.

Abstract: A process for the production of carbonyl compounds such as acetaldehyde is provided. This process entails reacting alpha olefins with a catalyst system containing a noble metal oxidation catalyst, cupric ions, chloride ions, and a strong acid such as sulfuric acid followed by separating into a carbonyl compound stream and a reduced catalyst stream followed by oxidizing the catalyst stream and returning it to the reaction zone at a pH between about 0 and 2.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol and 3,4-dimethylphenol a mixture of 2,3-dimethyl-bromobenzene and 3,4-dimethyl-bromobenzene is hydrolized in an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a copper compound catalyst of the formula:Cu.sub.(n) R.sub.(m)R represents --O or --OH or a residue of an inorganic or of an organic acid;n is 1 or 2; andm is 0, 1 or 2;the reaction being carried out at a temperature in the range between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C.

Abstract: 3-Haolgeno-2,3-diphenylacrylaldehyde derivatives represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X and Y each represent a halogen atom, and n is 0, 1, or 2, a process for preparing the derivatives, a medicament for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia containing a pharmacologically effective amount of the derivative, and a method for preventing or treating hyperlipidemia using the medicament.

Abstract: New 4,4,5,8-tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[2,5]octane. A process for its preparation starting from 2,2,3,6-tetramethyl-1-cyclohexanone is described.4,4,5,8-Tetramethyl-1-oxaspiro[2,5]octane is a useful raw material for the preparation of 2,2,3,6-tetramethyl-cyclohexane-carbaldehyde, a key intermediate for the synthesis of valuable fragrance ingredients.

Abstract: A method of controlling the diastereoselectivity of the nitroaldol reaction by the use of titanium, zirconium and aluminum based Lewis acids is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction of lithium nitronate anion with aldehydes in THF/CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 at reduced temperature in the presence of isopropoxy titanium trichloride (TiCl.sub.3 (OPr.sup.i)) yields nitro alcohols enriched in the erythro diastereomer. Erythro-threo ratios of 11.2:1-3.4:1 for aromatic aldehydes and 3.8:1-1:1 for aliphatic aldehydes are typically obtained.

Abstract: Phenylacetaldehydes of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 are each independently of the others hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy or haloalkylthio, by catalytic rearrangement in the presence of a zeolite, are prepared by reacting an epoxy of the formula II or a phenylglycol of the formula III ##STR2## where Y and Z can be identical to or different from each other and are each hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or acyloxy, in the gas phase over a borosilicate zeolite catalyst at from 70.degree. to 200.degree. C. under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A continuous process for efficiently co-producing secondary alcohols of long-chain olefins and lower carboxylic acid esters, comprising (I) performing an acid/olefin reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst such as Amberlyst 15, and (II) performing an ester-exchange reaction in the presence of, e.g., titanium alcoholate. A desirable feature of the process is the ability to produce co-products of choice.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cyclobutenohaloarenes is described in which a cyclobutenoarene such as benzocyclobutene is reacted with a halogen in the organic phase of a two-phase organic/aqueous system to form a cyclobutenohaloarene and hydrogen halide, the latter which migrates into the aqueous phase. The process has the advantages of low acidity of the reaction phase, and the consequent reduced side halogenation product formation and necessity for the introduction of caustic in the recovery step, and relatively simple recovery of the cyclobutenohaloarene from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the synthesis of phenol and acetone by decomposition over a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a fluorine-containing acidic compound on an inert support. The method allows for quantitative conversions with yields of up to >99 mole %.

Abstract: A selective isolation of m-dichlorobenzene is carried out at a high efficiency by bringing an isomeric mixture containing m- and o- and/or p-dichlorobenzenes into contact with an absorbing material comprising a TPZ-3 type zeolite consisting of at least one aluminosilicate compound of the formula (I):M.sub.2/n O.multidot.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot..sub.x SiO.sub.2 .multidot..sub.m H.sub.2 O (I)wherein M = a mono or di-valent cation, for example, H.sup.+, Li.sup.+ or Na.sup.+, n=1 or 2, x=10 or more, and m=0 or 1 or more, to selectively absorb dichlorobenzene by the absorbing material, and then, by collecting the non-absorbed fraction of the isomeric mixture.

Abstract: Sixteen carbon atom carboxylic acids having 16-phenoxy or 16-phenylthio substituents, and 0, 1, or 4 triple bonds, methods of preparing them, and pharmaceutical preparations containing them. These compounds are useful as lipoxygenase inhibitors.

Abstract: This invention relates to the generation of acrolein from an acetal of acrolein via exposure to a sulfonic acid reusable catalytic material. The acrolein acetals have the following general structures; ##STR1## where R may or may not be equal to R' R/R' is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons; and ##STR2## where R is a cyclic diol derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerol hexoses or polyaccharides.

Abstract: A compound of formula I ##STR1## in which formula: D represents hydrogen or a cyano group;X represents halogen;A represents an alkyl group (typically a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group);n is 0 to 4;RCOO. represents a residue of an acid RCO.sub.2 H, which acid, or an ester-forming derivative of which acid, on reaction with .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol or an ester-forming derivative thereof, give rise to an .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester having pesticidal properties.

Abstract: Alkyl esters of 2-fluoro-1-methoxyethylcarbamic acid, which are useful intermediates in the preparation of compounds, such as 4-amino-5- fluoropentanoic acid, are prepared by the electrochemical anodic oxidation of esters of 2-fluoroethylcarbamic acid in the presence of methanol and an electrolyte.

Abstract: New hydroquinones have the formula: ##STR1## wherein p is 1 or 2 and q is 0 or 1, provided that p+q is 1 or 2; R is a residue of formula: ##STR2## wherein Q is (i) -OX or (ii) -PO(OR.sub.11)((O).sub.x R.sub.11); and salts thereof with organic or inorganic acid bases.The groups X and R.sub.11 and x are defined hereinafter.The compounds of formula I are useful as stabilisers in photographic materials.